When designing an experiment, scientists will test a relationship between a "cause" and an "effect." The "effect," also represented by what the scientist measures and records, is known as the

When writing a conclusion, what should you always refer back to?

What is usually located on the x-axis of a graph?

Which is usually located on the y-axis of a graph?

Which piece of glassware is used for making measurements that are precise?

Which piece of glassware is used for making measurements that are precise?

The four main types of macromolecules found in organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and

If available, the body will always digest which macromolecule for energy first.

The class of macromolecule that would most likely be involved in contracting muscles would be:

In a hypothesis, the ____________ variable is what is being tested (the cause), while the ____________ variable is the one being measured in response (the effect).

The class of macromolecule that has many jobs in your body and is generally not used for energy is:

Which organelle controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell?

Which organelle produces energy (ATP) for the cell?

Which organelle digests foreign substances and worn-out cell parts?

Which organelle acts as a whipping propeller, moving a cell through its environment?

Which of the following is found in a eukaryotic cell, but is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

Which principle of cell theory best supports the idea that new cells will replace damaged cells in a scraped knee?

This process occurs when the cell uses energy to bring something in from outside the cell.

Which of the following types of cellular transport does not require extra energy?

What type of cellular transport requires a cell to use energy?

What makes stem cells different from other cells in the body?

The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is lowered by a

In the lock-and-key model of enzyme function below, what is happening during Step 2?

If the activation energy of a biochemical reaction is lowered, then

Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule?

Overall, photosynthesis is a reaction that

Plant cells make their own food through photosynthesis by taking in

What will MOST LIKELY happen if a new producer is introduced into a food web?

In general, which trophic level has the LEAST energy available to it?

Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are called

In the food web above, the insectivorous (eat insects) birds would be classified as

In the food web above, what would be a direct impact of an increase in the population of toads in the ecosystem?

A student is measuring the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme reaction. In an experiment, she will put equal-sized pieces of cow liver into test tubes, chill each piece of liver to a different temperature, introduce equal amounts of the enzyme to each test tube, and then measure how long it takes the reaction to run its course.

Which of the following is an example of an incorrect laboratory procedure?

Dr. Aikman tested the effectiveness of a cholesterol-reducing drug on humans. He gave the drug to 50 test subjects, each of whom had high cholesterol. After two months on the drug, the cholesterol of the subjects decreased. Dr. Aikman's study was flawed. What did it lack?

Suppose that a group of scientists accepts a theory as offering a convincing explanation of observable data. Ideally, how should those scientists react to new data that appear to contradict the theory?

Plant and animal cells have many structures in common. Which of the following structures do plant and animal cells NOT have in common?

How does a plant cell differ from an animal cell?

What key scientific principle stemmed, in part, from the experiments of Needham and Spallanzani?

What was the dependent variable in the experiments of both Needham and Spallanzani?

Use the information below to answer questions 44-46. Growing Cells in Broth In the 18th century, scientists argued about whether cells could form spontaneously from nonliving materials. In 1749, a scientist named John Needham performed several experiments in which he boiled a broth solution in a container that was then sealed with a cork. After a while, living cells appeared in the broth. Needham concluded that cells could arise from nonliving materials. Lazzaro Spallanzani performed similar experiments in the 1760s. However, he boiled his broth for a longer time and sealed the neck of the container by melting the glass. Living cells were never generated in his solutions. What characteristic of scientific knowledge does this passage illustrate?

Which of the following BEST describes the effect of the enzyme on the chemical reaction?

The process of cellular respiration produces energy and carbon dioxide. What else does cellular respiration produce?

A container was separated into two parts by an artificial membrane. A sugar solution was placed inside the membrane. Water is poured around the outside of the membrane. The diagrams show the sugar and water molecules at the beginning of the experiment (left) and after 1 hour (right). No energy was added to the system during the experiment. What process within living cells does this experiment model?

Which food web represents this freshwater ecosystem?

An energy pyramid for an ecosystem is shown below: The organisms in Level 2 of the ecosystem have available to them 500,000 kilocalories per year. About how much energy enters the ecosystem at the level of the producers?

Which of the following is NOT a CORRECT laboratory procedure?

Which cell structure facilitates the locomotion of some cells?

Which of the following illustrations represents a prokaryotic cell?

An animal cell is placed into a salt solution. The concentration of salt is higher in the salt solution than inside the cell. What will happen?

Dr. Smith reads two research papers that present different conclusions about the same question. He knows the researcher who wrote Paper A, but does not know the authors of Paper B. When asked which paper he thinks has more merit, Dr. Smith replies, “Paper A.” Because of Dr. Smith’s personal connection to some of the researchers, he could be exhibiting:

After her run, Aisha felt thirsty. Thirst was her body’s way of telling her she needed more water to maintain

Which population would likely increase if the frogs were removed from the following ecosystem?

Biologists consider multicellular organisms to have several levels of organization. Which level of organization is most complex?

When leaving a movie theater, a person notices that the sidewalk is now wet. If the person assumes it rained during the movie, the person is making

Tamar is talking about evolution with a friend. The friend says, “It’s just a theory, so I don’t believe it. When they prove it and it becomes the law of evolution, then maybe I’ll change my mind.” Which of these possible replies best describes scientific principles or the work of scientists?

What property of a water molecule allows hydrogen bonds to form among adjacent molecules?

Which two types of particles are present in equal numbers in an atom, but not in an ion?

A duck is affected by many factors in its environment. What distinguishes the biotic factors from the abiotic factors?

How do greenhouse gases act to increase air temperatures near Earth’s surface?

Brianna is mapping trees in a section of land. She observes that some of the trees are clumped together, some are uniformly separated, and some appear to be spaced randomly. What is she describing?

A hurricane blows across a Caribbean Island. The storm flattens trees, and it drowns or washes away a large number of plants and animals. As a result of the storm, the carrying capacity of the island is temporarily reduced for many of the island species. How is the storm classified as a limiting factor?

Termites are able to digest wood because of microbes that live in their gut. The relationship between a termite and the microbes inside it is an example of what type of symbiosis?

The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?

Microscopes can be used to explore cells. Which of the following types of microscopes can produce a three-dimensional image of the surface of a cell?

A number of scientists made contributions to cell theory. Which scientist used a light microscope to observe cells in a slice of cork?

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Which of the following structures are present in both plant and animal cells?