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WorksheetsBIO Fall Final 2025
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
The scientific method involves making observations, forming hypotheses, and testing these hypotheses through experimentation.
True
False
Data is information gathered from observations.
True
False
The metric system is based on the decimal system.
True
False
A graph can be used to visualize data and show relationships between variables.
True
False
What is the primary purpose of the scientific method?
A) To prove a hypothesis
B) To disprove a hypothesis
C) To develop a theory
D) To answer questions and solve problems
Which of the following is an example of a metric unit for measurement of length?
Inch
Foot
Meter
Pound
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
A) The variable being measured or observed
B) The variable being manipulated or changed
C) The variable being controlled
D) The variable being measured or observed over time
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A) A hypothesis is an educated guess, while a theory is a proven fact
B) A hypothesis is a proven fact, while a theory is an educated guess
C) A hypothesis is a specific explanation, while a theory is a broad explanation
D) A hypothesis is a broad explanation, while a theory is a specific explanation
You want to collect data on the taste of apples to help farmers grow sweeter apples in their orchard. You have your assistants describe apples as “sweet” or “tart”. This is called ____________ data.
Quantitative
Qualitative
Not scientific
Hypothetical
Convert the following measurement: 18 mg _________ g
a. 0.018 g
d. 4000 mg
e. 0.18 g
b. 54.345 kg
RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose.
True
False
mRNA delivers genetic instructions to ribosomes, where proteins are assembled. (DOK 2)
True
False
In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus, while translation occurs in the golgi apparatus.
True
False
If DNA replication were to occur incorrectly during cell division, which of the following outcomes would MOST likely happen to the daughter cells?
The cells would fail to produce proteins because transcription could not occur.
The daughter cells could inherit mutations that may affect protein function.
Translation would happen twice in each daughter cell to correct the mistake.
The sugar-phosphate backbone would be replaced by ribose and uracil.
Which of the following BEST explains why transcription, but not translation, occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, while DNA remains in the nucleus.
Transcription requires amino acids that are only found in the nucleus.
Translation cannot occur in the nucleus because RNA cannot exit.
Protein folding requires enzymes found only outside the nucleus.
Which of the following T charts correctly depicts five differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded, contains thymine, has deoxyribose sugar, is found in the nucleus, and is stable; RNA is single-stranded, contains uracil, has ribose sugar, is found in the cytoplasm, and is less stable.
DNA is single-stranded, contains uracil, has ribose sugar, is found in the cytoplasm, and is less stable; RNA is double-stranded, contains thymine, has deoxyribose sugar, is found in the nucleus, and is stable.
DNA and RNA are both double-stranded, contain thymine, have deoxyribose sugar, are found in the nucleus, and are stable.
DNA and RNA are both single-stranded, contain uracil, have ribose sugar, are found in the cytoplasm, and are less stable.
A scientist finds a mutation in a gene that results in the same amino acid being produced. What type of mutation is this, and why does it occur?
It is a silent mutation, which occurs because the genetic code is degenerate and multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.
It is a missense mutation, which occurs because the mutation changes the amino acid produced.
It is a nonsense mutation, which occurs because the mutation introduces a stop codon.
It is a frameshift mutation, which occurs because the mutation shifts the reading frame of the gene.
Transcribe and Translate the template of DNA:
TAC AAG AGG AAA GAT CAT ATT
mRNA: AUG UUC UCC UUU CUA GUA UAA Amino Acid: Methionine, Phenylalanine, Serine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Valine, Stop
mRNA: UAC AAG AGG AAA GAU CAU AUU Amino Acid: Tyrosine, Lysine, Arginine, Lysine, Aspartic acid, Histidine, Isoleucine
mRNA: AUG UUU UCC UUA CUA GUA UAA Amino Acid: Methionine, Phenylalanine, Serine, Leucine, Leucine, Valine, Stop
mRNA: UAG UUC UCC UUU CUA GUA UAA Amino Acid: Stop, Phenylalanine, Serine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Valine, Stop
In most multicellular organisms, tissues are made of similar cells that perform a common function.
True
False
20. Which pair of systems best explains how your body coordinates this movement, and why?
The nervous and muscular systems, because they work together to send signals and produce movement.
The digestive and respiratory systems, because they help break down food and provide oxygen.
The circulatory and excretory systems, because they transport nutrients and remove waste.
The skeletal and immune systems, because they provide structure and protect against disease.
Which scenario best uses a model to show system interdependence during exercise?
Diagram of heart only
Flowchart: respiratory uptake → circulatory transport → muscular O2 use → increased CO2 → respiratory rate feedback
List of muscles
Picture of lungs
When you exercise, your breathing rate increases to help your muscles make more energy. This happens because your body’s systems work together.
True
False
Which experiment would best test how negative feedback helps control body temperature?
Measure body temperature before and after jumping into an ice bath, without using any control group.
Measure how much a person sweats and how their core temperature changes while running at different speeds on a treadmill, using controls for time, clothing, and room temperature.
Ask students if they feel hot after gym class.
Record the outdoor temperature during the school day.
A scientist wants to study how the body keeps blood sugar levels stable (negative feedback). Which experiment would best test how the body responds to a rise in blood sugar?
Measure how insulin and glucose levels change after people eat a controlled amount of sugar, comparing healthy individuals and those with diabetes.
Measure body mass index (BMI) in athletes.
Evaluate the claim: “Positive feedback is always harmful to homeostasis.”
True; it destabilizes variables
False; while destabilizing, it is beneficial for rapid, goal-directed processes like clotting and childbirth
True; only negative feedback is useful
False; positive feedback maintains long-term stability
Cyclins help regulate the timing of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
True
False
If a wound stops healing after the gap is nearly closed, this most likely reflects the restoration of external growth factors.
True
False
A karyotype from a tumor shows extra or missing chromosomes. This supports the idea that when the cell cycle gets out of control, it can change the number of chromosomes in a cell.
True
False
Before cell division, DNA replication ensures:
Each daughter cell has half the DNA
Each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information
Chromosomes are not visible in mitosis
Cytokinesis won’t occur
If spindle fibers fail to attach to a chromosome’s centromere, which checkpoint should halt the cycle?
G1 checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint (spindle assembly)
DNA damage checkpoint in S
Which situation most likely triggers external regulators to promote division?
Cells surrounded on all sides by neighbors
Cells with space on one side
Cells with DNA damage
Cells with abnormal chromosomes
During mitosis, centromeres hold sister chromatids together. If the centromeres fail to split during cell division, what is the most likely immediate result?
The cell stays in metaphase longer, sister chromatids do not separate, and if division continues, the daughter cells could end up with the wrong number of chromosomes.
Anaphase happens faster than normal.
The cell divides its cytoplasm more than once.
Telophase starts earlier than usual.
Compare outcomes: Mitosis vs Meiosis II regarding chromatids.
Both separate sister chromatids into diploid cells
Both separate sister chromatids; mitosis yields diploid cells, Meiosis II yields haploid cells
Only meiosis separates chromatids
Only mitosis forms nuclei
Choose the best explanation for why cancer is described as a disease of the cell cycle.
It only affects dividing tissues
It results from failures in regulation leading to uncontrolled division and loss of checkpoint control
It's caused by bacteria
It is always inherited
If a plant is moved to low light, its rate of glucose production will likely decrease, reducing the substrate available for cellular respiration.
True
False
In a leaf-disk experiment, the disks float more slowly in dim light than in bright light. Using what you know about photosynthesis and oxygen production, what is the most likely reason for the slower floating in dim light?
Dim light produces less oxygen during photosynthesis, so disks float slower.
Dim light increases carbon dioxide production, slowing disk flotation.
Dim light causes leaf disks to absorb more water, making them heavier.
Dim light speeds up photosynthesis, reducing oxygen production.
In a leaf-disk experiment, the disks float more slowly in dim light than in bright light.
Using what you know about photosynthesis and oxygen production, what is the most likely reason for the slower floating in dim light?
A) Less oxygen is made because photosynthesis happens more slowly
B) Mitochondria get bigger in dim light
C) Respiration becomes faster in dim light than in bright light
D) The leaf reaches CO₂ saturation when light is low
In an experiment with constant light, increasing CO₂ makes photosynthesis go faster at first, but then it stops increasing. Why does photosynthesis level off even when CO₂ keeps rising?
The plant no longer needs carbon for photosynthesis
Another part of the process, like enzymes or light reactions, limits the rate
Too much CO₂ damages the chloroplasts
The plant can make unlimited energy without limits
14. A student claims that plants “create energy” during photosynthesis. Which statement best explains why this claim is scientifically inaccurate?
Plants convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy; they do not create energy.
Plants create new energy during photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis destroys energy instead of creating it.
Plants use photosynthesis to create energy from water.
A plant is exposed to bright light but kept in a sealed container with no carbon dioxide. Predict what will happen to glucose production and explain why using the steps of photosynthesis.
Glucose production will stop because carbon dioxide is required for the Calvin cycle.
Glucose production will increase because light is available for photosynthesis.
Glucose production will continue at a normal rate because oxygen is present.
Glucose production will decrease slightly but not stop because water is still available.
Breaking chemical bonds in glucose during respiration directly releases usable ATP without any intermediate steps.
True
False
Which statement best describes energy changes in respiration?
A) Energy is created.
B) Energy is destroyed.
C) Energy from glucose bonds is transferred to ATP
D) Energy is converted to mass.
Even though cellular respiration releases energy overall, why does each step still need some energy to get started?
To absorb energy for the whole process
To start reactions in a controlled way and prevent a sudden release
To create energy from nothing in the cell
To stop the production of ATP in the cell
Compare the energy yield of aerobic respiration and fermentation and explain why they differ based on where electron carriers release their energy.
Aerobic respiration yields more energy than fermentation because electron carriers release their energy in the electron transport chain, while fermentation releases energy directly in the cytoplasm.
Fermentation yields more energy than aerobic respiration because electron carriers release their energy in the mitochondria.
Both aerobic respiration and fermentation yield the same amount of energy because electron carriers release their energy in the same place.
Aerobic respiration yields less energy than fermentation because electron carriers release their energy outside the cell.
During intense exercise, muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to fermentation. How does this affect both ATP output and bond energy in glucose?
ATP output decreases and more bond energy remains in glucose.
ATP output increases and less bond energy remains in glucose.
ATP output remains the same and all bond energy is used.
ATP output increases and more bond energy remains in glucose.
Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence that organic macromolecules are primarily composed of six elements… Identify where the statement is true or false by placing the appropriate letter in the blank provided. 1 point each 45. Nitrogen is commonly found in proteins but not typically in carbohydrates. (DOK2)
True
False
Primary elements in carbohydrates:
A) C, H, O
B) C, H, O, N
C) C, H, N, P
D) C, O, S
A diet lacking essential amino acids most directly impairs synthesis of:
Triglycerides
Starch
Proteins
DNA
A food label lists “no essential amino acids.” How could this affect protein synthesis in the body?
Protein synthesis could be impaired because essential amino acids are required for building proteins.
Protein synthesis would increase because non-essential amino acids are more abundant.
There would be no effect on protein synthesis because the body can make all amino acids.
Protein synthesis would be unaffected as essential amino acids are not needed.
A marathon runner relies on carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for energy. Which macromolecule does the body use first for energy and why?
Carbohydrates, because they are the quickest source of energy
Fats, because they provide the most energy per gram
Proteins, because they are needed for muscle repair
Proteins, because they are stored in large amounts
