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WorksheetsInjury and Illness Final
Total questions: 144
Worksheet time: 1hrs 20mins
Most common, 0.5 inch to 2 inch (1.5 inch most common); Quality varies depending on manufacturer
Linen
Elastic
Hybrid
Moleskin
Rigid
Can return to original length after being stretched, used when needing strong support
Linen
Elastic
Hybrid
Moleskin
Rigid
Combo of linen and elastic, used to cover linen tape at times
Linen
Elastic
Hybrid
Moleskin
Rigid
Very thick tape, expensive, used when extra support is needed
Linen
Elastic
Hybrid
Moleskin
Rigid
Needs special tape underneath as it cannot be applied directly, can stay on for several days
Linen
Elastic
Hybrid
Moleskin
Rigid
Type of Elastic tape used to decrease pain, improve function (allows for normal ROM); Can be cut into I, Y, or fan shape, can stay for several days
Kinesio Tape
I'm the right answer
Zinc Oxide Tape
Underwrap
True or False; Taping techniques vary considerable between AT to AT
True
False
Purposes of protective taping
Provide support and stability
Prevent injury
There is no purpose
To keep athletes out of sports
Select methods of skin preparation
Clean and dry skin (remove dirt and shave)
Ensure no allergies to adhesives/tape
Foam pads at high friction areas
Apply underwrap in smooth fashion (protects skin)
Standard version of ankle taping
Closed basket weave
Open basket weave
Closed toe weave
Open toe weave
Ankle anchor
Helps prevent inversion ankle sprains
Closed basket weave
Open basket weave
Closed toe weave
Open toe weave
Ankle anchor
Used with acute sprains to assist with preventing swelling (leaving open the front, no heel locks or figure 8s)
Closed basket weave
Open basket weave
Closed toe weave
Open basket weave
Ankle anchor
Restrict extension of great toe, anchor at toe
Closed basket weave
Open basket weave
Turf toe taping
Open basket weave
Ankle anchor
In a closed basket weave, how many stirrups are applied
1
2
3
2; 1 starts medial malleoli side and 1 starts lateral malleoli side
In a closed basket weave, how many heel locks are applied
1
2
3
2; 1 starts medial malleoli side and 1 starts lateral malleoli side
Taping used to give someone an arch, keeps medial foot from flattening, anchor at ball of foot
Longitudinal arch
Lateral arch
Medial arch
Foot arch
Restricts dorsiflexion (prevent stretching Achilles)
Longitudinal arch
Elbow, Wrist, and Hand taping
Collateral knee ligament taping
Achilles tendon taping
Uses fans to stabilize either side provides eternal support to knee joint, not done often (bracing is easier)
Longitudinal arch
Elbow, Wrist, and Hand taping
Collateral knee ligament taping
Achilles tendon taping
For hyperextensions in these areas, used to stabilize joints
Longitudinal arch
Elbow, Wrist, and Hand taping
Collateral knee ligament taping
Achilles tendon taping
CSA certification is required for
Football helmets
Eye guards and ice hockey helmets
Shoulder pads
Thigh pads
Protective equipment must:
Be durable
Allow movement
Dissipate forces
Wear away as sport progresses
Restrict movement
Sports the NOCSAE sets standards for
Football
Softball
Baseball (helmets)
Ice Hockey
Basketball
Prevent excessive head motion, attached to shoulder pads (used in ice hockey or football)
Nose guards
Mouth guards
Neck rolls
Headgear
Rules for fitting a football helmet
Interior must be 1 finger width above eyebrow, fits snug against forehead
Ear hole lines up with canal, neck pad snug to head
Cheek pads fit against cheeks, chin straps snug and square to chin
Face mask: 3 finger width from nose, lower than the chin
Interior must be loose and 1 finger width above the eyebrow, fits loose against forehead
Other helmet rules
Lacrosse: 4 point chin strap, NOCSAE standards
Batting: NOCASE standards, earflaps little league through college
Batting: must have cage, earflaps little league through college
Lacrosse: 2 point chin strap, NOCSAE standards
Facts about football face masks
QBs and Receivers- no center bar
Running/Defensive backs- center bar
Running/Defensive backs- no center bar
Linemen, Defensive ends, linebackers- extended masks with center bar
Linemen, Defensive ends, linebackers- no center bar
Three types of hockey face masks
Full wire: small square openings
Full plastic: clear plastic, required for college age and younger
Half plastic: Professional players
Half plastic: required for college age and younger
Full plastic: small square openings
For football and lacrosse, designed for position (Ex: QBs have small ones, lacrosse ones are thin)
Shoulder pads
Shoulder lifts
Elbow pads
Hand pads
Thinner padding, worn under shoulder pads to provide additional padding
Shoulder pads
Shoulder lifts
Elbow pads
Hand pads
pull on pads/elbow sleeves for protection
Shoulder pads
Shoulder lifts
Elbow pads
Hand pads
Similar to gloves, protect bony areas
Shoulder pads
Shoulder lifts
Elbow pads
Hand pads
Ways to protect sternum and thorax
Rib protector
Chest protector
Thigh protector
Stomach protector
Back protector
Types of foot protection
Heel cups
Arch supports
Heel pads
There are none
Three types of ankle braces that are reusable and less expensive tan tape
Elastic
Lace-up
Hinged
Rigid
Linen
Excessive body temperature
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Hypoxia
Dehydration
Body temp drops below 95, extreme cold (body tries to conserve heat)
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Hypoxia
Dehydration
Prolonged exposure to hot, humid conditions (Heavy sweating, clammy, muscle cramps, fatigue)
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Heat Exhaustion
Dehydration
Extended exposure to cold, superficial freezing of issue (Pale, cold skin, loss of sensation); Ears, nose, fingers vulnerable
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Heat Exhaustion
Frostnip
Prolonged exposure to hot, humid conditions (Heavy sweating, clammy, muscle cramps, fatigue)
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Heat Exhaustion
Dehydration
Disorder where body has difficulty clotting blood (safe sports: swimming, cycling)
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Heat Exhaustion
Hemophilia
Which gland regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst
Pineal
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal
Results from dehydration and loss of sodium from sweating
Heat cramps
Dehydration
Over exertion
Heat sweats
1 of top three killers of athletes and soldiers (takes 7-14 days for body to adapt to exercising in the heat)
Heat cramps
Dehydration
Exertional Heat Stroke
Heat sweats
Dangerously low blood sodium levels caused from drinking excessive water (intracellular swelling, vomiting, disorientation, headache, seizures)
Heat cramps
Hyponatremia
Exertional Heat Stroke
Heat sweats
Condition caused by inadequate caloric intake affecting multiple body systems, affects both men and women (athletes)
Heat cramps
Hyponatremia
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
Heat sweats
Fainting/Dizziness due to high temperatures
Heat cramps
Dehydration
Heat syncope
Heat sweats
Select the signs of heat stroke
Body temp over 104
Hot, red, dry skin
Confusion
Rapid, strong pulse
Shivering and pale skin
True or False; Most accurate way to determine core body temp is by a rectal thermometer
True
False
Approximate percent dehydration can reduce muscle strength by
1%
2%
5%
3%
Process that cools the body
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipiatation
Sling psychrometer
Comprehensive representation of environmental conditions, solar radiation and wind speed factored in
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)
Wet Bulb Geographical Temperature (WBGT)
Wind Blur Globe Technical (WBGT)
Measures temperature read by thermometer covered in wet cloth, mirrors how human body cools itself with sweat
Wet bulb
Black globe
Dry bulb
Used to measure solar radiation, heats globe and wind blow across cooling it
Wet bulb
Black globe
Dry bulb
Calculates air temp measured in shade
Wet bulb
Black globe
Dry bulb
Select the rules for tornadoes
Indoors: low, reinforced area (bathroom, closet)
Outdoors: Low ditch and lie as flat as possible
Do not get into or stay in a car
Stay in a car, get in the trunk
Indoors: Hide in a reinforced room with lots of windows
True or False; Horseflies are the most common sting/bite
True
False; Bee stings are most common
How long should you wait after a lightning strike before resuming play
30 minutes
10 minutes
15 minutes
1 hour
Common signs/symptoms of asthma
Shortness of breath, Wheezing
Allergies, Emotional distress, Exercise
Coughing
Rash
Body system affected by asthma
Digestive
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Nervous
Normal adult bp
120/80
140/90
100/70
160/100
High bp, often above 140/90
Hypertension
Anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Electrical rhythms in brain are interrupted, causes can be chemical, neurological, infectious, or traumatic
Hypertension
Epilepsy
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
shaking, loss of consciousness, loss of bladder control
Osteoarthritis
Epilepsy
Grand Mal Seizures
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Inflammation of joints which leads to changes in joint surface (swelling, joint deformity, pain, stiffness)
Osteoarthritis
Epilepsy
Grand Mal Seizures
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Uric acid builds in joint, painful (lots of swelling, hard to move joint, usually in one joint)
Osteoarthritis
Epilepsy
Grand Mal Seizures
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Systemic condition that attacks synovial joints, over growth of connective tissue, debilitating (feet and hands most common)
Osteoarthritis
Epilepsy
Grand Mal Seizures
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Menstrual cycle not started by 16, Cessation of menstruation; Caused by low body weight, high stress, eating disorder
Amenorrhea
Epilepsy
Grand Mal Seizures
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density, Caused by poor nutrition, hormonal imbalance (high risk of fractures)
Amenorrhea
Rhabdomyolysis
Grand Mal Seizures
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoporosis
Serious condition caused by muscle injury from blow/overwork, muscle fibers die, blood absorbs toxins and kidney cannot excrete them (tissue damage)
Amenorrhea
Rhabdomyolysis
Grand Mal Seizures
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoporosis
Low blood pressure, caused by dehydration, blood loss, or medications
Hypertension
Anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Hypotension
Lack of iron in body, usually from diet
Hypertension
Anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Abnormally shaped red blood cells, reduce oxygen delivery
Hypertension
Anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Body cannot produce insulin
Hypertension
Anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Body produces insulin but cannot use it
Hypertension
Anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Taking insulin but failing to eat, blood sugar stays low (Lightheadedness, weak, headache)
Hypertension
Anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Insulin shock
Referred pain from appendicitis is usually located in the
Lower right abdomen
Lower left abdomen
Upper right abdomen
Back
Signs of hyperglycemia
Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Fatigue
Rash
Decrease in iron in bloodstream
Sickle cell crises can occur because
Cells stick to vessel walls causing blockage in capillaries
Fever rises
Blood sugar crashes
Too much oxygen delivered
True or False; Athletes should eat foods easy to digest before games
True
False
Heartburn occurs when:
Stomach acid enters esophagus
Stomach is empty
Body temp rises
Blood sugar is low
Diabetes that occurs only in pregnant women
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 3 Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Showing signs toward type 2 diabetes, blood sugar levels are high (blood glucose higher than 130)
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 3 Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Prediabetes
True or False; Pre existing conditions should be identified on the pre participation screen or health history intake forms
True
False
True or False; Caffeine is considered a stimulant
True
False
A major side effect of excessive caffeine intake in athletes is
Improved strength
Dehydration due to diuretic effect
Increased appetite
Decreased heart rate
Nicotine causes
Decreased heart rate
Increased heart rate
Increased breathing rate
Improved endurance
Nothing changes
Alcohol is classified as a
Stimulant
Depressant
Steroid
Narcotic
Blood doping helps athletes by:
Increasing red blood cells for better oxygen delivery
Increasing joint mobility
Strengthening bones
Improving vision
Substance other than food that can change body's chemistry (Ingested, Inhaled, Under tongue, Injected, Topical)
Drug
Antibiotics
Caffeine
Tobacco
Have medical purpose, may be prescribed by a physician; Used to treat disease or infection
Therapeutic Drugs
Antibiotics
Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)
Local Steriods
Ex: Aspirin, Ibuprofen; relieve pain, fever, and inflammation
Therapeutic Drugs
Antibiotics
Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)
Local Steriods
Injected/Applied to skin, reduce swelling and pain (can only have 2-3 injections per year)
Therapeutic Drugs
Antibiotics
Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)
Local Steriods
Maintain airway, prescription only (Used with asthmatics in inhalers)
Beta-adrenergic drugs
Antibiotics
Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)
Local Steroids
Fight bacterial infections by assisting white blood cells
Beta-adrenergic drugs
Antibiotics
Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)
Local Steroids
Alcohol facts
Liver must process the alcohol as a toxin
Take liver 1 hour 20 minutes to detoxify 1 drink
Loss of consciousness occurs when content is 0.4%
Excessive drinking=cirrhosis
Using combo of different steroids over period of time to avoid taking single high dose at once
Stacking
Delaying
Drugging
What is a dietary supplement according to the FDA
Only vitamins and minerals
Any substance used to enhance athletic performance
Vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, etc
Only plant based extracts
Approximately what percentage of athletes use dietary supplements
10-20%
25-30%
58-62%
90-95%
What major law defines dietary supplement regulation in the U.S.
FDA Purity Act
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)
Nutrition Information Act
Supplement Safety Initiative
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Fat soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Vitamin B
Third party testing ensures
Supplement tastes good
Ingredients match label and contain no banned substances
Cheaper cost
Bigger packaging
Top supplements used
Multivitamins, Vitamin C
Protein products
Sports drinks, Sports bars, Energy drinks
Results of a positive drug test
Loss of scholarship
Ban from play
Stripping of medals
Monetary fines
Criminal charges
Law defining and regulating dietary supplements, passed in 1994
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)
Random Medicine Act
Comprehensive Dietary Education Act (CDEA)
Red flag on supplement labels
Small font size
Proprietary blend
Contains electrolytes
Includes serving size
Supplement categories most likely to be recalled
Hydration products
Muscle building, weight loss
Sexual enchancement
Vitamin supplements
Probiotics
Why are proprietary blends a concern
More expensive
Ingredients are hidden
Contain only vitamins
Contain only protein
Improve performance
There is a reasonable probability that the use or exposure to a product will cause serious adverse health consequences or death
Class I Recall
Class 2 Recall
Class 3 Recall
Health concerns with dietary supplements
Cardiovascular issues- Hypertension, cardiac issues and death
Renal issues- Kidney damage can occur, especially with supplements with herbs
Hepatic issues- 20% drug induced liver injuries
Seizures- Acute neurotoxicity can occur after ingestion of dietary supplements
Medication Interactions- Can react to medication
WADA prohibited at all times
Anabolic agents
Beta-2 agonists
Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances or mimetics
Diuretics or masking agents
WADA prohibited in competition
Stimulants
Narcotics
Cannabinoids
Glucocorticoids
Enhancing physical performance
Ergogenic
Interstellar
Food safe
Which regulating body's recognized supplements were used for this presentation
FDA
World Anti Doping Agency
International Olympic Committee
NCAA
Caffeine is classified as which type of compound
Amino acid
Natural alkaloid
Simple carbohydrate
Organic acid
Recommended starting dose of caffeine for athletes
0.5 mg/kg
1-3 mg/kg (~200 mg)
10 mg/kg
No less than 600 mg
Where is creatine primarily stored in body
Liver
Brain
Skeletal muscle
Heart
Main function of Phosphocreatine (PCr) in muscle
Increase fat oxidation
Provide immediate energy 15-20 seconds
Improve oxygen uptake
Break down lactate
Why do some individuals not respond to creatine supplementation
Have more Type 1 muscle fibers
Muscle creatine is already near maximum
Lactose intolerant
Don't eat enough carbs
Primary performance of beta-alanine
Increased VO2 max
Reduced fat mass
Improved performance in 60-24 second high intensity events
Enhanced flexibility
Foods high in nitrate
Red meat
Dairy
Green leafy and root veggies
Citrus fruits
____ kal = 1 gram carb
2
3
4
9
____ kal = 1 gram protein
2
3
4
9
____ kal = 1 gram fat
2
3
4
9
% of carbs in diet
Non athletes- 40-65%
Athletes- 55-65%
How much of diet should come from fats
10%
20%
30%
50%
How much protein should make up diet
5-10%
10-15%
15-20%
30-40%
Healthy weight loss should not exceed
0.5 lbs per week
1-2 lbs per week
5 lbs per week
What BMI qualifies as obese
18
22
30+
Micronutrients
Vitamins
Minerals
Protein
Water
Fats
True or False; calories in and out = energy balance
True
False
Calories in > Calories out
Weight gain
Weight loss
Maintance weight
Calories in < Calories out
Weight gain
Weight loss
Maintance weight
Calories in = Calories out
Weight gain
Weight loss
Maintance weight
Examples of simple carbs
Honey
Fruit
Whole grain bread
Soda
Sports drinks
Examples of complex carbs
Whole grain bread
Pasta
Cereal
Candy
Vegetables
Pregame meals
High in carbs and fluids
Avoid spices
Eat 3-4 hours prior
Balanced food that’s familiar
Postgame meals
Complex carbs with protein and fat
Replenish water
Eat tons of candy
Avoid spices
How much carbs should athlete consume post exercise first 4-6 hours
0.5 g/kg
1-1.2 g/kg
2 g/kg
3-4 g/kg
Muscle damage affects glycogen recovery because
Speeds glycogen synthesis
Fully prevents glycogen storage
Doesn’t affect glycogen storage
Impairs glycogen synthesis
When is muscle protein synthesis elevated after protein intake
1 hour
3-5 hours
Up to 24 hours
Only during exercise
How much protein should be consumed before sleep for recovery
10-20 g
20-40 g
5-10 g
Most common injury for athletes, especially football; stiffness of connective tissue dependent on collagen
Soft tissue injuries
Muscle injuries
Hard tissue injuries
Tissue injuries
Select some recovery techniques
Hydrotherapy
Active recovery
Massage
Stretching
