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Neuroscience and Physiology Multiple Choice Questions

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm and is essential for breathing?

a)

Vagus nerve

b)

Phrenic nerve

c)

Facial nerve

2.

Damage to Wernicke’s area results in:

a)

Difficulty speaking

b)

Difficulty understanding language

c)

Difficulty moving limbs

3.

Sympathetic stimulation increases cardiovascular output, resulting in:

a)

Decreased blood pressure

b)

Increased blood pressure

c)

No change in blood pressure

4.

The cerebellum fine-tunes movement and posture. What is its main function?

a)

Controls breathing

b)

Coordinates motor activity & balance

c)

Processes sensory information

5.

Which nerve is purely sensory for vision?

a)

Vagus nerve

b)

Optic nerve

c)

Facial nerve

6.

Parasympathetic division stimulates rest-and-digest functions, which:

a)

Decreases digestion

b)

Increases digestion

c)

Has no effect on digestion

7.

The premotor cortex organizes and plans motor sequences. What does it plan?

a)

Reflexes

b)

Learned movement

c)

Sensory input

8.

Somatic reflexes involve which type of muscle?

a)

Cardiac muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

9.

The adrenal medulla releases which hormones during sympathetic activation?

a)

Acetylcholine

b)

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

c)

Dopamine

10.

Norepinephrine binds to which type of receptors?

a)

Cholinergic receptors

b)

Dopaminergic receptors

c)

Adrenergic receptors

11.

Which region of the spinal cord has the most white matter due to the most ascending and descending tracts?

a)

Cervical

b)

Thoracic

c)

Lumbar

12.

The spinal cord ends at the conus medullaris near which vertebral levels?

a)

A) T12-T13

b)

B) L3-L4

c)

C) L1-L2

13.

Which nerve is responsible for facial movement?

a)

Facial nerve

b)

Phrenic nerve

c)

Optic nerve

14.

Parasympathetic increases digestive processes. What is the effect?

a)

Decreases digestion

b)

Increases digestion

c)

No effect

15.

CN IV controls one of the eye-movement muscles. Which nerve is this?

a)

Abducens

b)

Trochlear

c)

Oculomotor

16.

The dorsal horn receives sensory input. What type of neurons are involved?

a)

Motor neurons

b)

Sensory neurons

c)

Interneurons

17.

The corpus callosum connects hemispheres. What is this structure?

a)

Corpus callosum

b)

Thalamus

c)

Hippocampus

18.

The vagus nerve is both sensory and motor. Which nerve is this?

a)

Facial

b)

Glossopharyngeal

c)

Vagus

19.

Dermatomes are sensory regions supplied by specific spinal nerves. What does each correspond to?

a)

Each corresponds to a spinal nerve

b)

Each corresponds to a cranial nerve

c)

Each corresponds to a muscle group

20.

The corticospinal tract carries voluntary motor commands. What is this tract called?

a)

Spinothalamic

b)

Corticospinal

c)

Reticulospinal

21.

Motor neurons carry impulses away from the spinal cord. What is this root called?

a)

Dorsal root

b)

Ventral root

c)

Lateral root

22.

The vagus nerve is a major parasympathetic nerve. What type of nerve is it?

a)

Sympathetic

b)

Parasympathetic

c)

Somatic

23.

The amygdala controls fear and emotional processing. What is this structure?

a)

Amygdala

b)

Hippocampus

c)

Thalamus

24.

Motor neuron cell bodies are in the ventral horn. Where are they located?

a)

Dorsal horn

b)

Ventral horn

c)

Lateral horn

25.

Proprioceptors detect body position and movement. What do they detect?

a)

Pain

b)

Temperature

c)

Position and movement

26.

All preganglionic autonomic fibers release ACh. What is released?

a)

Acetylcholine

b)

Norepinephrine

c)

Dopamine

27.

Ganglia contain neuron _________?

a)

cell bodies

b)

axons

c)

dendrites

d)

synapses

28.

Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons release _________.

a)

norepinephrine

b)

acetylcholine

c)

dopamine

d)

serotonin

29.

Sympathetic tone causes vasoconstriction in _________

a)

blood vessels

b)

nerves

c)

bones

d)

lungs

30.

The _________ produces CSF inside brain ventricles.

a)

choroid plexus

b)

cerebral cortex

c)

medulla oblongata

d)

thalamus

31.

The _________ consolidates long-term memories.

a)

hippocampus

b)

cerebellum

c)

amygdala

d)

thalamus

32.

EPSPs depolarize the cell toward threshold and make the cell _________

a)

less negative

b)

more negative

c)

unchanged

d)

hyperpolarized

33.

_________ form the blood-brain barrier.

a)

Astrocytes

b)

Neurons

c)

Oligodendrocytes

d)

Microglia

34.

The _________ reflex prevents excessive stretching and tearing.

a)

Golgi tendon

b)

Stretch

c)

Withdrawal

d)

Crossed extensor

35.

Sympathetic division inhibits digestion and does not _________

a)

increase digestion

b)

decrease heart rate

c)

dilate pupils

d)

stimulate salivation

36.

Sympathetic nerves originate in _________

a)

T1-L2 (thoracolumbar)

b)

C1-C7 (cervical)

c)

L3-S5 (lumbosacral)

d)

S1-S5 (sacral)

37.

Somatic reflexes target _________ muscle.

a)

skeletal

b)

smooth

c)

cardiac

d)

visceral

38.

CSF circulates in the _________ space.

a)

subarachnoid

b)

epidural

c)

interstitial

d)

perivascular

39.

CN VII controls _________ expression muscles.

a)

facial

b)

arm

c)

leg

d)

abdominal

40.

The cervical spinal nerves are _________

a)

C1-C7

b)

C1-C8

c)

C1-C6

d)

C1-C5

41.

Which division is characterized by short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers?

a)

Parasympathetic

b)

Sympathetic

c)

Somatic

d)

Visceral

42.

What forms nerve plexuses?

a)

Merged spinal nerves

b)

Muscle fibers

c)

Visceral organs

d)

Thalamus

43.

What effect does the parasympathetic division have on heart rate?

a)

Increases heart rate

b)

No effect

c)

Slows heart

d)

Maintains alertness

44.

What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control?

a)

Skeletal muscle

b)

Visceral organs

c)

Pia mater

d)

Frontal lobe

45.

What do stretch reflexes respond to?

a)

Muscle strength

b)

Muscle length

c)

Nerve damage

d)

Sensory relay

46.

Is there a receptor called a 'glycoreceptor'?

a)

True

b)

False

47.

What does the reticular activating system control?

a)

Maintain alertness

b)

Muscle length

c)

Visceral organs

d)

Pia mater

48.

In which lobe is the primary motor cortex located?

a)

Frontal

b)

Parietal

c)

Occipital

d)

Temporal

49.

Damage to which nerve paralyzes the diaphragm?

a)

Somatic

b)

Phrenic

c)

Thalamus

d)

Divergent

50.

Which structure sits directly on the brain surface?

a)

Frontal lobe

b)

Thalamus

c)

Pia mater

d)

Phrenic nerve

51.

What is the major sensory relay station?

a)

Thalamus

b)

Pia mater

c)

Frontal lobe

d)

Phrenic nerve

52.

Which nervous system controls skeletal muscle?

a)

Somatic

b)

Autonomic

c)

Parasympathetic

d)

Sympathetic

53.

What type of circuit spreads signals to multiple neurons?

a)

Divergent

b)

Convergent

c)

Somatic

d)

Frontal

54.

The ANS controls involuntary effectors. Which types of muscles are controlled by the ANS?

a)

Skeletal

b)

Smooth and cardiac

c)

Cardiac only

d)

Smooth only

55.

The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, temperature. Which part of the brain is responsible for these functions?

a)

Cerebellum

b)

Medulla oblongata

c)

Hypothalamus

d)

Thalamus

56.

Broca’s area damage affects speech production. What is the likely result of damage to Broca’s area?

a)

Difficulty hearing

b)

Difficulty understanding language

c)

Difficulty speaking

d)

Difficulty reading

57.

Mixed nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers. What type of function do mixed nerves have?

a)

Sensory only

b)

Motor only

c)

Sensory & motor

d)

Neither sensory nor motor

58.

What type of receptor is found on all postganglionic neurons in the ANS?

a)

Muscarinic

b)

Nicotinic

c)

Adrenergic

d)

Dopaminergic

59.

Where does the sympathetic system originate?

a)

Cervical region

b)

Thoracolumbar

c)

Sacral region

d)

Craniosacral

60.

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the NMJ. Which neurotransmitter is found at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)?

a)

ACh

b)

Dopamine

c)

Serotonin

d)

Norepinephrine