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WorksheetsUnderstanding Heart Failure Symptoms and Management
Total questions: 15
Worksheet time: 8mins
A 68-year-old man presents with increasing shortness of breath on exertion, orthopnoea, and ankle swelling. On examination, he has bilateral basal crackles, elevated jugular venous pressure, and pitting oedema to the mid-shin. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Heart failure
Pulmonary embolism
Asthma
Deep vein thrombosis
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of left-sided heart failure?
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Peripheral oedema
Exertional dyspnoea
Fatigue
A 75-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presents with confusion, cold peripheries, and hypotension. She is found to have a third heart sound and pulmonary oedema on chest X-ray. What is the most appropriate initial management?
Oral furosemide
Intravenous furosemide
Oral ramipril
Subcutaneous enoxaparin
Oral bisoprolol
Which investigation is most useful for confirming the diagnosis of heart failure?
Chest X-ray
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Echocardiogram
Full blood count
Spirometry
Which of the following is a common sign of right-sided heart failure?
Pulmonary oedema
Raised jugular venous pressure
Fine basal crackles
Wheeze
Haemoptysis
A 60-year-old man with known heart failure is started on an ACE inhibitor. Which blood test abnormality is most likely to occur?
Hypernatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Hyperkalaemia
Hypocalcaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Which of the following is NOT a first-line pharmacological treatment for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
ACE inhibitor
Beta-blocker
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (e.g., spironolactone)
Digoxin
Loop diuretic
A 72-year-old woman presents with worsening breathlessness and orthopnoea. Her ECG shows atrial fibrillation. Which of the following is a possible cause of her heart failure?
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes insipidus
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Which of the following is the most specific sign of fluid overload in heart failure?
Tachycardia
Raised jugular venous pressure
Tachypnoea
Cyanosis
Clubbing
A 65-year-old man with heart failure is admitted with acute pulmonary oedema. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate management?
High-flow oxygen, IV furosemide, and sit upright
Oral furosemide and bed rest
Oral ramipril and fluid restriction
Subcutaneous insulin
Oral bisoprolol
Which of the following is NOT a typical finding on a chest X-ray in a patient with heart failure?
Cardiomegaly
Kerley B lines
Pleural effusion
Hyperinflated lungs
Upper lobe diversion
A 70-year-old woman with heart failure is found to have a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, pulse 110 bpm, and cold peripheries. Which of the following best describes her current state?
Compensated heart failure
Decompensated heart failure with poor perfusion
Stable heart failure
Hypertensive crisis
Cardiogenic shock
Which of the following is the most important lifestyle modification for a patient with heart failure?
Increase salt intake
Restrict fluid intake
Increase alcohol consumption
Avoid physical activity
Increase caffeine intake
Which of the following is NOT a differential diagnosis for heart failure?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Nephrotic syndrome
Cirrhosis of the liver
Asthma
Appendicitis
A 55-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction presents with fatigue, ankle swelling, and shortness of breath. His echocardiogram shows an ejection fraction of 35%. Which of the following medications should be started to improve his prognosis?
Paracetamol
ACE inhibitor
Amoxicillin
Salbutamol
Simvastatin
