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Worksheets5.2 Part B: Sparta and Athens (pages 161-164)
Total questions: 202
Worksheet time: 2hrs 41mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Pages 161-164. Go to page 161. The Spartans were Dorian invaders from the north who conquered __________, in the southern part of Greece, and built the city-state of Sparta.
a)
Laconia
b)
Attica
c)
Peloponnesus
d)
Thessaly
e)
Macedonia
2.
Which group of people conquered Laconia and built the city-state of Sparta?
a)
The Spartans
b)
The Athenians
c)
The Helots
d)
The Dorians
e)
The Laconians
3.
They enslaved the people they had conquered, turning them into helots who were owned by the state and made to __________.
a)
work the land
b)
fight in the military
c)
serve in the government
d)
pay taxes to the state
e)
build the city
4.
What was the status of the people conquered by the Spartans?
a)
Helots owned by the state
b)
Citizens of Sparta
c)
Foreign Artisans
d)
Members of the Assembly
e)
Ephors
5.
Because the helots greatly outnumbered their rulers, the Spartans set up a brutal system of __________.
a)
strict control
b)
military alliances
c)
economic trade
d)
religious tolerance
e)
democratic government
6.
What was the reason the Spartans established a brutal system of strict control?
a)
The helots greatly outnumbered their rulers
b)
To encourage trade and wealth
c)
To promote democracy
d)
To isolate themselves
e)
To reform the laws
7.
The Spartan government included two kings and a council of elders who advised the __________.
a)
monarchs
b)
ephors
c)
helots
d)
citizens
e)
assembly
8.
What components were part of the Spartan government?
a)
Two kings and a council of elders
b)
Five ephors and one king
c)
A legislature and an archon
d)
An aristocracy and a tyrant
e)
A monarch and a council of 500
9.
An assembly made up of all citizens approved major __________.
a)
decisions
b)
laws
c)
kings
d)
ephors
e)
helots
10.
Who approved major decisions in the Spartan government?
a)
An assembly made up of all citizens
b)
The two kings
c)
The council of elders
d)
The five ephors
e)
The archon
11.
Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the age of __________.
a)
30
b)
7
c)
20
d)
40
e)
50
12.
What were the requirements to be a citizen in Sparta?
a)
Male, native-born Spartans over the age of 30
b)
Male or female, over the age of 20
c)
Wealthy landowners
d)
Any resident of Laconia
e)
Foreign artisans with property
13.
The assembly also elected five __________, or officials, who ran day-to-day affairs.
a)
ephors
b)
archons
c)
tyrants
d)
monarchs
e)
elders
14.
What was the role of the five ephors elected by the assembly?
a)
Ran day-to-day affairs
b)
Advised the monarchs
c)
Approved major decisions
d)
Wove cloth for the army
e)
Commanded the military
15.
Discipline Rules Daily Life From childhood, a Spartan prepared to be part of a __________.
a)
military state
b)
democratic society
c)
peaceful community
d)
trade network
e)
cultural center
16.
What was the main focus of a Spartan's preparation from childhood?
a)
To be part of a military state
b)
To run the family's estate
c)
To become a merchant
d)
To serve as an archon
e)
To write tragedies
17.
Officials examined every newborn, and sickly children were abandoned to __________.
a)
die
b)
the helots
c)
be sold into slavery
d)
be educated abroad
e)
work the land
18.
What happened to sickly children in Sparta after they were examined by officials?
a)
They were abandoned to die
b)
They were given to the helots
c)
They were trained as soldiers
d)
They were sent to the assembly
e)
They were given loans
19.
Spartans wanted future soldiers and the future mothers of soldiers to be __________.
a)
healthy
b)
wealthy
c)
educated
d)
well-traveled
e)
politically active
20.
What quality did Spartans desire for future soldiers and mothers of soldiers?
a)
Healthy
b)
Wise
c)
Artistic
d)
Non-citizen
e)
Enslaved
21.
At the age of seven, boys began training for a lifetime in the __________.
a)
military
b)
government
c)
assembly
d)
trade
e)
priesthood
22.
What did boys begin training for at the age of seven?
a)
A lifetime in the military
b)
Running day-to-day affairs
c)
Public speaking
d)
Managing a family estate
e)
Being an archon
23.
They moved into barracks, where they were toughened by a coarse diet, hard exercise, and rigid __________.
a)
discipline
b)
schooling
c)
wealth
d)
travel
e)
discussion
24.
What factors toughened Spartan boys in the barracks?
a)
A coarse diet, hard exercise, and rigid discipline
b)
A fine diet and comfortable rooms
c)
Education in the arts and poetry
d)
Travel and trade
e)
Athenian law
25.
This strict and harsh discipline made Spartan youths excellent __________.
a)
soldiers
b)
merchants
c)
farmers
d)
leaders
e)
philosophers
26.
What was the result of the strict and harsh discipline on Spartan youths?
a)
It made them excellent soldiers
b)
It made them resent their rulers
c)
It led to democracy
d)
It caused them to be abandoned
e)
It encouraged wealth
27.
To develop cunning and supplement their diet, boys were even encouraged to __________.
a)
steal food
b)
hunt animals
c)
trade goods
d)
farm the land
e)
enlist the helots
28.
For what reasons were boys encouraged to steal food?
a)
To develop cunning and supplement their diet
b)
To prepare for the assembly
c)
To teach them about trade
d)
To develop artistic skills
e)
To support the aristocracy
29.
If caught, though, they were beaten __________.
a)
severely
b)
publicly
c)
privately
d)
immediately
e)
gently
30.
What was the punishment for Spartan boys caught stealing food?
a)
They were beaten severely
b)
They were abandoned to die
c)
They were expelled from Sparta
d)
They were sold into slavery
e)
They were given a loan
31.
At the age of 20, a man could marry, but he continued to live in the barracks for another 10 years and to eat there for another __________.
a)
40 years
b)
20 years
c)
30 years
d)
50 years
e)
60 years
32.
What was a Spartan man allowed to do at the age of 20?
a)
Marry
b)
Take his place in the assembly
c)
Be elected an ephor
d)
Open a high office
e)
Become a citizen
33.
At the age of 30, after further training, he took his place in the __________.
a)
assembly
b)
council of elders
c)
barracks
d)
government
e)
temple
34.
Where did a Spartan man take his place after further training at the age of 30?
a)
In the assembly
b)
In the council of elders
c)
As an archon
d)
As a helot
e)
In the barracks
35.
Spartan Women Girls, too, had a rigorous __________.
a)
upbringing
b)
diet
c)
life in the barracks
d)
military training
e)
education in the arts
36.
What kind of upbringing did Spartan girls have?
a)
A rigorous upbringing
b)
A secluded existence
c)
A focus on political activities
d)
Little or no formal education
e)
No exercise requirements
37.
As part of a warrior society, they were expected to produce healthy sons for the __________.
a)
army
b)
assembly
c)
ephors
d)
helots
e)
nobles
38.
What were Spartan women expected to produce for the army?
a)
Healthy sons
b)
Weaving and pottery
c)
Wine and olive oil
d)
Laws and decisions
e)
Wealth and trade
39.
They therefore were required to exercise and strengthen their bodies—something no other __________ women did.
a)
Greek
b)
Spartan
c)
Athenian
d)
Dorian
e)
Laconian
40.
What was unique about the requirement for Spartan women to exercise and strengthen their bodies?
a)
No other Greek women did
b)
They were the only ones who worked the land
c)
They were the only ones who could inherit property
d)
They were the only ones who lived in barracks
e)
They were the only ones who could vote
41.
Like other Greek women, Spartan women had to obey their __________.
a)
fathers or husbands
b)
ephors or kings
c)
archons or tyrants
d)
sons or brothers
e)
mothers or sisters
42.
Who did Spartan women have to obey, similar to other Greek women?
a)
Their fathers or husbands
b)
The ephors
c)
The archon
d)
The assembly
e)
The helots
43.
Yet under Spartan law, they had the right to inherit __________.
a)
property
b)
citizenship
c)
a seat in the assembly
d)
a position as an ephor
e)
a place in the barracks
44.
What special right did Spartan women have under Spartan law?
a)
The right to inherit property
b)
The right to vote
c)
The right to be archon
d)
The right to expel foreigners
e)
The right to be elected ephor
45.
Because men were occupied with war, some women took on responsibilities such as running the family's __________.
a)
estate
b)
assembly
c)
trade network
d)
school
e)
barracks
46.
What responsibilities did some Spartan women take on because the men were occupied with war?
a)
Running the family's estate
b)
Serving as an archon
c)
Governing the helots
d)
Fighting for their polis
e)
Working in the assembly
47.
Citizens and Noncitizens To be a citizen of Sparta, a person had to be descended from the __________ who invaded the land.
a)
Dorians
b)
Helots
c)
Athenians
d)
Macedonians
e)
Peloponnesians
48.
Where did a person need to be descended from to be a citizen of Sparta?
a)
The Dorians who invaded the land
b)
The helots who were conquered
c)
The Athenian aristocracy
d)
The foreign artisans
e)
The council of elders
49.
Spartan citizens owned land, but did not farm it since that was the job of the __________.
a)
helots
b)
ephors
c)
archons
d)
Dorians
e)
kings
50.
Whose job was it to farm the land owned by Spartan citizens?
a)
The helots
b)
The ephors
c)
The archon
d)
The Spartan citizens
e)
The women
51.
Although foreigners lived in Sparta, they were unwelcome guests and could be __________.
a)
expelled
b)
elected
c)
educated
d)
enslaved
e)
given loans
52.
What was the status of foreigners living in Sparta?
a)
Unwelcome guests and could be expelled
b)
Highly respected citizens
c)
Members of the assembly
d)
The ruling aristocracy
e)
The sole merchants
53.
In Sparta, noncitizens outnumbered citizens, but they had few rights and were strictly controlled by the __________.
a)
government
b)
women
c)
helots
d)
farmers
e)
Dorians
54.
How were noncitizens in Sparta treated, despite outnumbering the citizens?
a)
They had few rights and were strictly controlled
b)
They were granted full political rights
c)
They ran the day-to-day affairs
d)
They were encouraged to steal food
e)
They were given loans and land
55.
Sparta Stands Alone The Spartans isolated themselves from other __________.
a)
Greeks
b)
Dorians
c)
Helots
d)
Macedonians
e)
Romans
56.
From whom did the Spartans isolate themselves?
a)
Other Greeks
b)
Their own citizens
c)
The helots
d)
The Dorians
e)
The ephors
57.
They looked down on trade and wealth, forbade their own citizens to travel, and had little use for __________.
a)
new ideas or the arts
b)
military training
c)
exercise and discipline
d)
healthy sons
e)
the assembly
58.
What did the Spartans look down on and forbid?
a)
Trade and wealth, and citizen travel
b)
Military training and discipline
c)
Healthy sons and exercise
d)
The use of their assembly
e)
Governing well
59.
While other Greeks admired the Spartans' military skills, no other city-state imitated their __________.
a)
rigorous way of life
b)
use of the assembly
c)
respect for the arts
d)
encouragement of trade
e)
democratic principles
60.
What aspect of Spartan life was admired by other Greeks but not imitated?
a)
Their rigorous way of life
b)
Their use of the helots
c)
Their system of ephors
d)
Their encouragement of trade
e)
Their democracy
61.
"Spartans are willing to die for their city," some suggested, "because they have no reason to __________. "
a)
live
b)
fight
c)
travel
d)
trade
e)
rule
62.
What sarcastic suggestion was made about why Spartans were willing to die for their city?
a)
They have no reason to live
b)
They are afraid of the ephors
c)
They want to encourage democracy
d)
They desire to explore new ideas
e)
They are forbidden to travel
63.
In the long run, Sparta suffered from its rigid ways and inability to __________.
a)
change
b)
fight
c)
rule
d)
trade
e)
farm
64.
What did Sparta suffer from in the long run?
a)
Its rigid ways and inability to change
b)
Its wealth and encouragement of trade
c)
Its powerful army and healthy citizens
d)
Its democratic assembly
e)
Its large number of citizens
65.
Over time, its warrior class shrank, and its power __________.
a)
declined
b)
grew
c)
remained the same
d)
increased
e)
stabilized
66.
What happened to Sparta's warrior class and power over time?
a)
The warrior class shrank and power declined
b)
The warrior class expanded and power grew
c)
Both the warrior class and power grew
d)
Both the warrior class and power remained the same
e)
Its trade increased
67.
Democracy Evolves in Athens Athens was located in __________, just north of the Peloponnesus.
a)
Attica
b)
Laconia
c)
Sparta
d)
Thessaly
e)
Macedonia
68.
Where was Athens located?
a)
In Attica, just north of the Peloponnesus
b)
In Laconia, in the southern part of Greece
c)
North of Thessaly
d)
South of Macedonia
e)
On the island of Crete
69.
As in many Greek city-states, Athenian government evolved from a monarchy into an __________.
a)
aristocracy
b)
democracy
c)
tyranny
d)
theocracy
e)
republic
70.
What did the Athenian government evolve into from a monarchy?
a)
An aristocracy
b)
A democracy
c)
A council of 500
d)
A helot state
e)
An ephorate
71.
By 700 B C. noble landowners held power and chose the chief __________.
a)
officials
b)
ephors
c)
archons
d)
tyrants
e)
helots
72.
Who held power and chose the chief officials in Athens by 700 B.C.?
a)
Noble landowners
b)
The assembly of all citizens
c)
The tyrants
d)
Solon and Cleisthenes
e)
Foreign artisans
73.
Nobles judged major court cases and dominated the __________.
a)
assembly
b)
council of 500
c)
senate
d)
barracks
e)
magistracy
74.
What two major roles did the nobles fulfill in the Athenian government?
a)
Judged major court cases and dominated the assembly
b)
Served as archons and elected the ephors
c)
Ran day-to-day affairs and advised the monarchs
d)
Worked the land and farmed the estates
e)
Encouraged trade and artistic expression
75.
Discontent Drives Change Under the aristocracy, Athenian wealth and power __________.
a)
grew
b)
declined
c)
remained stagnant
d)
were redistributed
e)
were sold to foreigners
76.
What happened to Athenian wealth and power under the aristocracy?
a)
Grew
b)
Declined
c)
Led to democracy
d)
Was monopolized by the helots
e)
Was given to the ephors
77.
Yet discontent spread among ordinary __________.
a)
people
b)
nobles
c)
ephors
d)
kings
e)
soldiers
78.
Among which group did discontent begin to spread under the aristocracy?
a)
Ordinary people
b)
The council of elders
c)
Spartan citizens
d)
The monarchs
e)
The priests
79.
Merchants and soldiers resented the power of the __________.
a)
nobles
b)
archons
c)
tyrants
d)
assembly
e)
helots
80.
Which two groups resented the power of the nobles?
a)
Merchants and soldiers
b)
Farmers and helots
c)
Ephors and kings
d)
Archons and the Council of 500
e)
Citizens and noncitizens
81.
They argued that their service to Athens entitled them to more __________.
a)
rights
b)
wealth
c)
land
d)
slaves
e)
titles
82.
What did merchants and soldiers argue their service to Athens entitled them to?
a)
More rights
b)
Higher social status
c)
More land from the nobles
d)
The ability to choose chief officials
e)
Exemption from the military
83.
Foreign artisans, who produced many of the goods that Athens traded abroad, were resentful that Athenian law barred them from becoming __________.
a)
citizens
b)
nobles
c)
archons
d)
ephors
e)
landowners
84.
Why were foreign artisans resentful in Athens?
a)
Athenian law barred them from becoming citizens
b)
They were forced to sell their land
c)
They were sold into debt slavery
d)
They were expelled from the city
e)
They were given loans
85.
Farmers, too, demanded __________.
a)
change
b)
land
c)
democracy
d)
slavery
e)
trade
86.
Which group, besides merchants and soldiers, also demanded change in Athens?
a)
Farmers
b)
The council of elders
c)
The Dorians
d)
The Spartan citizens
e)
The two kings
87.
During hard times, many farmers were forced to sell their land to __________.
a)
nobles
b)
archons
c)
tyrants
d)
helots
e)
merchants
88.
To whom were many farmers forced to sell their land during hard times?
a)
Nobles
b)
Foreign artisans
c)
Solon
d)
Cleisthenes
e)
The ephors
89.
A growing number even sold themselves and their families into slavery to pay their __________.
a)
debts
b)
taxes
c)
loans
d)
fines
e)
tithes
90.
What extreme measure did many farmers take to pay their debts?
a)
Sold themselves and their families into slavery
b)
Traveled abroad to trade
c)
Joined the military
d)
Became foreign artisans
e)
Became chief officials
91.
As discontent spread, Athens moved slowly toward democracy, or government by the __________.
a)
people
b)
nobles
c)
archons
d)
tyrants
e)
ephors
92.
What is "democracy" defined as in the text?
a)
Government by the people
b)
Rule by the aristocracy
c)
Leadership by two kings
d)
Power gained by force
e)
Control by the military state
93.
As you will see, the term had a different meaning for the ancient Greeks than it has for __________.
a)
us today
b)
the Spartans
c)
the Dorians
d)
the helots
e)
the nobles
94.
What does the text indicate about the term "democracy" in ancient Greece?
a)
It had a different meaning than it has for us today
b)
It meant everyone had equal participation
c)
It applied only to the wealthy landowners
d)
It was identical to the Spartan system
e)
It was established by the ephors
95.
Solon Makes Reforms Solon, a wise and trusted leader, was appointed archon (AHR kahn), or chief official, in __________.
a)
594 B C
b)
700 B C
c)
546 B C
d)
507 B C
e)
300 B C
96.
What was the role of Solon in Athens in 594 B.C.?
a)
Archon, or chief official
b)
Noble landowner
c)
Tyrant
d)
General of the army
e)
Member of the assembly
97.
Athenians gave Solon a free hand to make needed __________.
a)
reforms
b)
decisions
c)
conquests
d)
armies
e)
markets
98.
What authority did Athenians give Solon?
a)
A free hand to make needed reforms
b)
The power to dominate the assembly
c)
The ability to sell citizens into slavery
d)
The right to be a king
e)
The power to elect ephors
99.
He outlawed debt slavery and freed those who had already been sold into slavery for __________.
a)
debt
b)
taxes
c)
crime
d)
land
e)
war
100.
What did Solon do regarding debt slavery?
a)
Outlawed it and freed those enslaved for debt
b)
Encouraged it to pay off debts
c)
Used it to build public projects
d)
Sold foreigners into it
e)
Gave loans to those in it
101.
He opened high offices to citizens, granted citizenship to some foreigners, and gave the Athenian assembly more say in important __________.
a)
decisions
b)
laws
c)
wars
d)
elections
e)
debts
102.
What reforms did Solon make regarding high offices, citizenship, and the assembly?
a)
Opened high offices to citizens, granted citizenship to some foreigners, and gave the assembly more say in decisions
b)
Elected five ephors to run day-to-day affairs
c)
Outlawed the export of wine and olive oil
d)
Restricted citizenship to men with two Athenian parents
e)
Dominated the assembly
103.
Solon introduced economic reforms as well. He encouraged the export of __________ and olive oil.
a)
wine
b)
grain
c)
textiles
d)
silver
e)
pottery
104.
What was a key component of Solon's economic reforms?
a)
Encouraging the export of wine and olive oil
b)
Barring foreigners from becoming citizens
c)
Selling farmers' land to nobles
d)
Requiring all citizens to work the land
e)
Forbidding trade and wealth
105.
This policy helped merchants and farmers by increasing demand for their __________.
a)
products
b)
rights
c)
debts
d)
laws
e)
votes
106.
How did Solon's policy of encouraging exports help merchants and farmers?
a)
By increasing demand for their products
b)
By allowing them to sell themselves into slavery
c)
By electing them to high offices
d)
By granting them full citizenship
e)
By giving them land taken from nobles
107.
Despite Solon's reforms, citizenship remained limited, and many positions were open only to the __________.
a)
wealthy landowners
b)
archons
c)
tyrants
d)
merchants
e)
foreign artisans
108.
What group still held the advantage in many positions after Solon's reforms?
a)
The wealthy landowners
b)
The newly freed slaves
c)
The foreign artisans
d)
The male citizens over 30
e)
The helots
109.
Continued and widespread unrest led to the rise of tyrants, or people who gained power by __________.
a)
force
b)
election
c)
inheritance
d)
democracy
e)
trade
110.
What led to the rise of tyrants in Athens?
a)
Continued and widespread unrest
b)
The establishment of the Council of 500
c)
Solon's opening of high offices to citizens
d)
The shrinking of the warrior class
e)
The rule of the two kings
111.
Tyrants often won support from the merchant class and the poor by imposing __________ to help these groups.
a)
reforms
b)
taxes
c)
restrictions
d)
duties
e)
titles
112.
Which two groups did tyrants often win support from?
a)
The merchant class and the poor
b)
The wealthy landowners and the nobles
c)
The helots and the ephors
d)
The archons and the assembly
e)
The Spartans and the Dorians
113.
Although Greek tyrants often governed well, the word tyrant has come to mean a vicious and __________ ruler.
a)
brutal
b)
wise
c)
democratic
d)
just
e)
elected
114.
What is the modern connotation of the word "tyrant," despite how Greek tyrants often governed?
a)
A vicious and brutal ruler
b)
A wise and trusted leader
c)
A democratically elected official
d)
A defender of the aristocracy
e)
An economic reformer
115.
Citizens Share Power and Wealth The Athenian tyrant __________ seized power in 546 B.C.
a)
Pisistratus
b)
Solon
c)
Cleisthenes
d)
Draco
e)
Aristophanes
116.
What action did the Athenian tyrant Pisistratus take in 546 B.C.?
a)
Seized power
b)
Outlawed debt slavery
c)
Established the Council of 500
d)
Elected the five ephors
e)
Encouraged the export of wine
117.
He helped farmers by giving them loans and land taken from __________.
a)
nobles
b)
tyrants
c)
archons
d)
helots
e)
citizens
118.
How did Pisistratus help farmers?
a)
Giving them loans and land taken from nobles
b)
Forbidding them to travel
c)
Barring them from becoming citizens
d)
Selling them into debt slavery
e)
Forcing them to exercise
119.
New building projects gave jobs to the __________.
a)
poor
b)
nobles
c)
archons
d)
tyrants
e)
landowners
120.
What did new building projects provide for the poor?
a)
Jobs
b)
Land
c)
Citizenship
d)
Political rights
e)
Education
121.
By giving poor citizens a greater voice, he further weakened the __________.
a)
aristocracy
b)
tyranny
c)
democracy
d)
monarchy
e)
assembly
122.
What was the effect of Pisistratus giving poor citizens a greater voice?
a)
He further weakened the aristocracy
b)
He strengthened the power of the nobles
c)
He restored the monarchy
d)
He established the council of elders
e)
He increased the power of the ephors
123.
In 507 B.C. another reformer, Cleisthenes (KLYS thuh neez), broadened the role of ordinary citizens in __________.
a)
government
b)
trade
c)
military
d)
religion
e)
aristocracy
124.
What was Cleisthenes's main contribution to Athens in 507 B.C.?
a)
Broadened the role of ordinary citizens in government
b)
Seized power by force
c)
Outlawed debt slavery
d)
Dominated the assembly
e)
Encouraged wealth and trade
125.
He set up the Council of 500, whose members were chosen by lot from among all citizens over the age of __________.
a)
30
b)
7
c)
20
d)
40
e)
50
126.
What was the method for choosing members of the Council of 500?
a)
Chosen by lot from among all citizens over the age of 30
b)
Elected by the five ephors
c)
Appointed by the archon
d)
Selected from the noble landowners
e)
Chosen by the helots
127.
The council prepared laws considered by the assembly and supervised the day-to-day work of __________.
a)
government
b)
the military
c)
the helots
d)
the farmers
e)
the temples
128.
What were the two main responsibilities of the Council of 500?
a)
Prepared laws and supervised day-to-day work of government
b)
Elected archons and judged major court cases
c)
Outlawed debt slavery and encouraged trade
d)
Protected women and managed the household
e)
Ran the family's estate and farmed the land
129.
Cleisthenes made the assembly a genuine legislature, or lawmaking body, that debated laws before deciding to __________ or reject them.
a)
approve
b)
veto
c)
enforce
d)
ignore
e)
amend
130.
What did Cleisthenes change the assembly into?
a)
A genuine legislature, or lawmaking body
b)
An advisory council to the monarchs
c)
A court for judging major cases
d)
A group that only elected officials
e)
A system to enslave the poor
131.
All male citizens were members of the assembly and were expected to __________.
a)
participate
b)
travel
c)
farm
d)
pay high taxes
e)
join the military
132.
Who were members of the assembly and what were they expected to do?
a)
All male citizens; expected to participate
b)
Noble landowners; expected to dominate
c)
Foreign artisans; expected to trade
d)
Women; expected to obey husbands
e)
Helots; expected to work the land
133.
Cleisthenes's reforms advanced some of the basic principles of Athenian __________.
a)
democracy
b)
aristocracy
c)
tyranny
d)
monarchy
e)
oligarchy
134.
What system's basic principles were advanced by Cleisthenes's reforms?
a)
Athenian democracy
b)
Spartan military state
c)
Dorian invasion
d)
Athenian aristocracy
e)
Rule of the helots
135.
He supported the idea of equal __________.
a)
participation
b)
wealth
c)
land ownership
d)
military service
e)
education
136.
What idea did Cleisthenes support?
a)
Equal participation
b)
Absolute rule by a king
c)
The power of the nobles
d)
The isolation of Sparta
e)
The abandonment of sickly children
137.
Up I-mtil then, equal participation had applied to the __________.
a)
aristocracy
b)
poor
c)
foreigners
d)
helots
e)
enslaved
138.
To which group had equal participation applied before Cleisthenes's reforms?
a)
The aristocracy
b)
All male citizens
c)
The helots
d)
The women
e)
The foreign artisans
139.
Cleisthenes expanded it to include all citizens who met certain __________.
a)
qualifications
b)
wealth requirements
c)
travel restrictions
d)
military obligations
e)
religious beliefs
140.
What was the extent of Cleisthenes's expansion of equal participation?
a)
Included all citizens who met certain qualifications
b)
Applied only to wealthy landowners
c)
Included all Athenian residents
d)
Excluded all male citizens
e)
Included only archons and tyrants
141.
This was very different from a modem representative democracy, but it was the beginning of a new system for __________.
a)
Athens
b)
Sparta
c)
Laconia
d)
The Peloponnesus
e)
Attica
142.
Despite differences from a modern representative democracy, what was Cleisthenes's system the beginning of for Athens?
a)
A new system
b)
A return to aristocracy
c)
A move toward monarchy
d)
A shift to tyranny
e)
A military state
143.
Democracy Within Limits By modern standards, Athenian democracy was quite __________.
a)
limited
b)
absolute
c)
universal
d)
representative
e)
complete
144.
How is Athenian democracy described by modern standards?
a)
Quite limited
b)
Fully representative
c)
Complete and total
d)
Identical to a modern system
e)
Highly expansive
145.
Only citizens could participate in government—voting to choose officials and pass laws or holding ofice—and citizenship was eventually restricted to men with two Athenian __________.
a)
parents
b)
ancestors
c)
children
d)
slaves
e)
businesses
146.
What was the final restriction on citizenship for participation in government?
a)
Men with two Athenian parents
b)
Men over the age of 30
c)
All Athenian residents
d)
Wealthy landowners
e)
Foreign artisans
147.
Citizenship meant a responsibility to serve in government and fight for their __________ as soldiers when needed.
a)
polis
b)
archon
c)
tyrant
d)
family
e)
trade
148.
What two responsibilities did citizenship entail for Athenian men?
a)
Serve in government and fight for their polis
b)
Export wine and olive oil
c)
Run the family's estate and manage the household
d)
Be an archon and a noble landowner
e)
Obey their fathers or husbands
149.
Women were excluded from political activities even if their families were Athenian __________.
a)
citizens
b)
nobles
c)
archons
d)
ephors
e)
tyrants
150.
What group was excluded from political activities in Athens?
a)
Women
b)
Male citizens over 30
c)
Wealthy landowners
d)
Foreign merchants
e)
Helots
151.
Foreign merchants and children of non-citizens also had no political __________.
a)
lights
b)
rights
c)
status
d)
power
e)
education
152.
Besides women, which two groups had no political rights?
a)
Foreign merchants and children of non-citizens
b)
All male citizens
c)
Athenian nobles and archons
d)
The helots and Spartans
e)
The citizens over 30 and the landowners
153.
Neither did tens of thousands of enslaved people, who also lacked any personal __________.
a)
freedom
b)
wealth
c)
land
d)
family
e)
status
154.
What did enslaved people in Athens lack?
a)
Any personal freedom
b)
Citizenship and political rights
c)
The ability to work hard
d)
Land and homes
e)
The ability to travel
155.
In fact, citizens depended on the forced labor of the enslaved to give them the free time to __________ in government.
a)
participate
b)
trade
c)
farm
d)
travel
e)
exercise
156.
Why did citizens depend on the forced labor of the enslaved?
a)
To give them the free time to participate in government
b)
To give them the power to elect officials
c)
To help them write laws and debates
d)
To assist them in military training
e)
To build new assembly halls
157.
Despite the lirnits on democracy, Athens gave more people a say in decision making than any other ancient __________.
a)
civilization
b)
city-state
c)
government
d)
monarchy
e)
aristocracy
158.
What distinction did Athens hold despite the limits on its democracy?
a)
Gave more people a say in decision making than any other ancient civilization
b)
Gave all male and female residents political rights
c)
Allowed foreigners to become citizens easily
d)
Isolated itself from other Greeks
e)
Was the only place with an assembly
159.
Athenian Women In Athens, as in other Greek city-states, women had no share in political __________.
a)
life
b)
property
c)
trade
d)
education
e)
military
160.
What did women in Athens and other Greek city-states lack a share in?
a)
Political life
b)
Property rights
c)
Military service
d)
Formal education
e)
Running the household
161.
The respected Athenian thinker Aristotle reflected the general view that women were imperfect beings who lacked the ability to reason as well as __________.
a)
men
b)
citizens
c)
slaves
d)
gods
e)
soldiers
162.
What was Aristotle's view on women's ability to reason?
a)
They lacked the ability to reason as well as men
b)
They were superior to men
c)
They were as capable as men
d)
They were the only ones who could be archons
e)
They were the leaders of the polis
163.
He wrote: "The man is by nature fitter for command than the female just as an older person is superior to a younger, more __________ person. "
a)
immature
b)
developed
c)
independent
d)
educated
e)
political
164.
What analogy did Aristotle use to describe the relationship between men and women?
a)
Older person superior to a younger, more immature person
b)
Citizen superior to a non-citizen
c)
Noble superior to a farmer
d)
Spartan superior to an Athenian
e)
Helot superior to a Dorian
165.
Although some men disagreed, most Greeks accepted the view that women must be guided by __________.
a)
men
b)
gods
c)
ephors
d)
archons
e)
tyrants
166.
By whom did most Greeks believe women must be guided?
a)
Men
b)
The assembly
c)
The Council of 500
d)
Their sons
e)
Foreign merchants
167.
In court, fathers or guardians represented women, as they did for __________.
a)
children
b)
men
c)
slaves
d)
soldiers
e)
archons
168.
Who represented women in court?
a)
Fathers or guardians
b)
The archon
c)
The assembly
d)
The ephors
e)
The women themselves
169.
In well-to-do Athenian homes, women lived a secluded existence, shut off and "protected" from the __________ world.
a)
outside
b)
political
c)
financial
d)
military
e)
social
170.
How did women live in well-to-do Athenian homes?
a)
A secluded existence, shut off and "protected" from the outside world
b)
In the barracks, training to be soldiers
c)
Trading and traveling abroad
d)
Participating in political activities
e)
Running the day-to-day affairs of government
171.
Greek playwrights such as Sophocles, and Aristophanes prominently featured women or families in their tragedies and __________.
a)
comedies
b)
histories
c)
poems
d)
epics
e)
essays
172.
What types of works by Sophocles and Aristophanes featured women or families?
a)
Tragedies and comedies
b)
Political pamphlets
c)
Economic reforms
d)
Philosophical texts
e)
Military guides
173.
Social, political, and religious issues often were played out within family drarnas, as in Sophocles's Antigone, where a heroine's disobedience of a ruler's command puts her into conflict with her __________ and guardian.
a)
uncle
b)
husband
c)
father
d)
son
e)
brother
174.
What kind of conflict is presented in Sophocles's Antigone?
a)
A heroine's disobedience of a ruler's command puts her into conflict with her uncle and guardian
b)
A father tries to take control of his spendthrift son
c)
A citizen demands more rights
d)
A tyrant is overthrown by force
e)
A farmer sells his land to nobles
175.
In Aristophanes's comedy, The Clouds, a father tries to take control of his spendthrift __________.
a)
son
b)
daughter
c)
wife
d)
slave
e)
neighbor
176.
What is the central conflict in Aristophanes's comedy, The Clouds?
a)
A father tries to take control of his spendthrift son
b)
A woman runs the family's estate
c)
A citizen is elected to high office
d)
A noble dominates the assembly
e)
A boy is encouraged to steal food
177.
Women played their most significant public role in __________.
a)
religion
b)
politics
c)
trade
d)
warfare
e)
philosophy
178.
In what area did women play their most significant public role?
a)
Religion
b)
Government
c)
Military service
d)
Trading abroad
e)
Athletics
179.
Their participation in sacred processions and ceremonies was considered essential for the city's __________.
a)
well-being
b)
wealth
c)
power
d)
education
e)
laws
180.
Why was women's participation in sacred processions and ceremonies considered essential?
a)
For the city's well-being
b)
For the family's wealth
c)
For the husband's power
d)
For the children's education
e)
For the creation of new laws
181.
In well-to-do Athenian homes, women managed the entire __________.
a)
household
b)
trade network
c)
political party
d)
military barracks
e)
trade agreements
182.
What responsibility did women manage in well-to-do Athenian homes?
a)
The entire household
b)
The political assembly
c)
The export of wine and olive oil
d)
The military training of boys
e)
The farming of the land
183.
They spun and wove, cared for their children, and prepared food, but lived a secluded existence and were rarely seen __________.
a)
public
b)
by men
c)
by their husbands
d)
by the slaves
e)
by foreigners
184.
What were the domestic activities of women in well-to-do Athenian homes, and how did they live?
a)
Spun and wove, cared for children, prepared food; lived a secluded existence and were rarely seen public
b)
Served in the military and participated in the assembly
c)
Worked outside the home in trade
d)
Represented themselves in court
e)
Traveled and traded abroad
185.
Their children or enslaved servants were sent to buy food and to collect water from the __________.
a)
well
b)
stream
c)
store
d)
archon
e)
market
186.
Who was sent to buy food and collect water from the well?
a)
Their children or enslaved servants
b)
The women themselves
c)
The male citizens
d)
The archon or ephor
e)
The foreign merchants
187.
Only poor women went shopping alone in __________.
a)
Athens
b)
Sparta
c)
Laconia
d)
The Peloponnesus
e)
Attica
188.
Which women went shopping alone in Athens?
a)
Only poor women
b)
All Athenian women
c)
Only foreign merchants
d)
Only the aristocracy
e)
Only women over 30
189.
They worked outside the home, often beside their __________.
a)
husbands
b)
fathers
c)
sons
d)
archons
e)
guardians
190.
Where did poor women in Athens often work?
a)
Outside the home, often beside their husbands
b)
In the assembly
c)
In the barracks
d)
In the temples only
e)
In a secluded existence
191.
They obtained water, did the farnily wash in a stream, and tended sheep or worked as spinners, weavers, or __________.
a)
potters
b)
soldiers
c)
archons
d)
traders
e)
philosophers
192.
What were some of the jobs poor women held outside the home?
a)
Tended sheep or worked as spinners, weavers, or potters
b)
Served as archons or ephors
c)
Dominated the assembly
d)
Commanded the military
e)
Ran the family's estate
193.
Educating the Young Unlike girls, who received little or no formal education, boys attended school if their families could afford __________.
a)
it
b)
them
c)
land
d)
slaves
e)
trade
194.
What factor determined whether a boy attended school in Athens?
a)
If their families could afford it
b)
If they were over the age of 30
c)
If they were sickly children
d)
If they were foreigners
e)
If they were female
195.
Besides learning to read and write, they studied music, and memorized __________.
a)
poetry
b)
laws
c)
military tactics
d)
economic reforms
e)
political speeches
196.
In addition to reading and writing, what did boys study and memorize in school?
a)
Music and poetry
b)
Military strategy and tactics
c)
Lawmaking and voting
d)
Trade and wealth
e)
Farming and herding
197.
Equally important, they learned the skill of public speaking because, as citizens in a democracy, they would have to __________ their views.
a)
voice
b)
hide
c)
change
d)
sell
e)
write
198.
Why was the skill of public speaking important for Athenian boys?
a)
As citizens in a democracy, they would have to voice their views
b)
As soldiers, they would have to give commands
c)
As merchants, they would have to trade
d)
As archons, they would have to make reforms
e)
As nobles, they would have to dominate the assembly
199.
Young men received military training and, to keep their bodies healthy, participated in athletic __________.
a)
contests
b)
wars
c)
debates
d)
elections
e)
festivals
200.
What two activities did young Athenian men participate in for health and preparation?
a)
Military training and athletic contests
b)
Public speaking and poetry reading
c)
Selling land and paying debts
d)
Trade and foreign travel
e)
Governing and holding office
201.
Unlike Sparta, which put military training above all else, Athens encouraged young men to explore many areas of __________.
a)
knowledge
b)
warfare
c)
farming
d)
trade
e)
religion
202.
In contrast to Sparta, what did Athens encourage young men to explore?
a)
Many areas of knowledge
b)
Strict military discipline
c)
The rigorous way of life
d)
The duties of an ephor
e)
The power of the nobles
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