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WorksheetsUnit 4 & 5 Review
Total questions: 86
Worksheet time: 43mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
There were many Enlightenment ideals, but which two were most significant in leading to political revolutions? Choose the best answer.
a)
Socialism and capitalism
b)
Science and nationalism
c)
Reason and progress
d)
Freedom and equality
2.
Which of the following most strongly qualifies as a revolutionary action?
a)
The Treaty of Paris (1783)
b)
The Coercive Acts (1774)
c)
The Stamp Act (1765)
d)
The Storming of the Bastille (1789)
3.
Which of the following aspects of a nation is uniquely tied to nationalism?
a)
An imagined community
b)
A common language
c)
A traditional belief system
d)
A declaration of rights
4.
What is the best definition of nationalism in a cultural and social sense?
a)
An imagined community
b)
A self-governed democracy
c)
A land-based empire
d)
A local village within a kingdom
5.
Which response offers the best definition of nationalism, specifically in the political sense of the word?
a)
A sense of belonging to the community that includes everyone in your country
b)
A form of government where people elect their own leaders.
c)
A self-ruled area with borders that clearly define its people’s homeland
d)
A series of local villages that are ruled by a distant monarch or emperor
6.
How do the opening ceremonies of the Olympics provide an example of nationalism?
a)
We begin to see sports and games as useful metaphors for political conflicts, making war less frightening.
b)
The “that’s my team” mentality encourages us to root for the people from our nation, even though we don’t know the athletes personally.
c)
We see a large group of athletes celebrating together, and for a moment it doesn’t seem to matter where anyone is from.
d)
The ceremonies show people from different places setting their conflicts aside to promote sportsmanship and peace.
7.
What are some of the negative consequences of nationalism? Choose the best answer.
a)
Rule by the few over the masses, leaving most people powerless
b)
War and other atrocities, like the Holocaust
c)
The loss of immediate family structures, replaced by more communal living
d)
Unfair taxation that oppresses the poorest people
8.
In addition to anger, what type of thinking moved workers and the middle class to revolt in several countries between 1848 and 1857?
a)
Nationalism
b)
Colonialism
c)
Capitalism
d)
Imperialism
9.
What was the general outcome of the revolutions that occurred around the world between 1848 and 1857?
a)
European states became more powerful and colonized many African and Asian regions.
b)
The surprising strength of the poorer classes who rebelled weakened monarchs and emperors around.
c)
Independent nation-states in Asia and Africa flourished as the European empires declined.
d)
Democracy had become dominant throughout around the world.
10.
Which response is the most accurate definition of the term “nation-state”?
a)
A legal country with citizens who believe they are a sovereign nation
b)
A colony that has successfully liberated itself from the imperialists who previously claimed it
c)
A geographic area that has been claimed by an empire but is not within that empire
d)
A non-religious political entity that rules over a particular geographic area
11.
About how many of the world’s countries can currently be defined as nation-states?
a)
About half of them
b)
None of them
c)
Very few of them
d)
Nearly all of them
12.
How is “ethnic nationalism” different from regular nationalism?
a)
It is a modern, negative term critical of imperialism, pointing to the attitude of racial and ethnic superiority within European empires.
b)
It is a much more inclusive version of nationalism, whereby people of any ethnicity can be part of the same nation.
c)
It describes people of mostly shared ancestry, language, and culture in pursuit of national sovereignty.
d)
It’s a term modern historians use to describe most pre-Enlightenment societies.
13.
What is an example of a revolution in one region inspiring people in another region to revolt?
a)
French revolutionaries were inspired by the outcome of the American Revolution.
b)
The French Revolution was inspired by the boldness of the Haitian revolution.
c)
North American colonial revolutionaries were inspired by the creation of Bolivar’s “Gran Colombia.”
d)
American revolutionaries were inspired by the success of the French Revolution.
14.
What event do many historians call “the most successful slave revolt in history”?
a)
The Latin American Revolutions
b)
The Haitian Revolution
c)
The French Revolution
d)
The American Revolution
15.
Which response best describes the Stamp Act of 1765?
a)
The legal creation of the U.S. Postal service by the federal government
b)
A law legalizing banking in the North American colonies and named after Stamp Brooksbank, Governor of the Bank of England
c)
A British tax imposed on the American colonies, which was repealed because colonists resisted
d)
A British law giving troops in the American colonies the power to “stamp out” revolutionaries, who were seen as traitors to the British crown
16.
What do many scholars, including John Green, argue was the most revolutionary aspect of the American Revolution?
a)
The uniquely effective application of philosophy, rather than physical power, to win independence
b)
The rejection of a monarchy and its replacement with a government that was not a monarchy
c)
The use of non-violent resistance to send imperial troops away, regardless of the king’s orders
d)
Its status as the first ever rebellion by mostly enslaved people successfully removing the imperialists who had controlled them
17.
After the Declaration of Independence went into effect, who was allowed to vote in the United States?
a)
Married white men who owned property
b)
Men who owned property
c)
White men and women who owned property
d)
White men who owned property
18.
What was the Continental Congress (set up by the Maryland Committee of Correspondence) most known for?
a)
Founding the first university in North America
b)
Repealing the Stamp Act
c)
Creating the Declaration of Independence
d)
Forming the Third Estate
19.
In pre-revolutionary France, people were divided among three different socioeconomic classes, called Estates. The First was clergy and nobility was the Second. Who made up the Third Estate?
a)
Children
b)
Everyone else
c)
Members of government
d)
Foreign-born people living in France
20.
Which of these responses names the strongest cause(s) of the French revolution?
a)
The country was bankrupt, and there was a food shortage.
b)
King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette move from Versailles to Paris.
c)
Napoleon died of a stomach ulcer.
d)
The newly-formed German state invaded, disrupting nearly all political allegiances within France.
21.
Why did the guillotine replace previous methods of execution?
a)
It was seen as less torturous because it was quick, and more egalitarian because it was used on nobles and peasants alike.
b)
The guillotine beheaded people in a gory, theatrical way that appealed to the angry revolutionaries watching the executions.
c)
Because its inventor, Dr. Joseph Guillotine, was a powerful member of the French parliament.
d)
It was more terrifying than earlier methods, and therefore more of a deterrent for would-be criminals.
22.
What did most of the plantations in Haiti produce at the time of their revolution?
a)
Sugar
b)
Cotton
c)
Tobacco
d)
Corn
23.
Why was the name of Saint-Domingue changed to Haiti?
a)
Because for the first time in history, the slaves revolted against their colonizers and created their own nation.
b)
“Haiti” is derived from the French phrase j’ai thé , meaning “I have tea.” It was a reference to their most profitable cash crop.
c)
Because the French needed a way to placate the people they had colonized by using a less French-sounding name.
d)
Because Napoléon resented using a French name for a nation that was no longer a colony, and demanded it be changed.
24.
In what revolution was Toussaint Louverture a key leader?
a)
The Haitian Revolution
b)
The French Revolution
c)
The American Revolution
d)
The Creole Revolution
25.
Prior to the Latin American revolutions, what aspect of Spanish and Portuguese colonialism did the “the royal fifth” refer to?
a)
A 20% (one fifth) tax that the colonies had to pay to the Spanish and Portuguese crowns
b)
A fifth year added to normal four-year terms for rulers with enough royal blood
c)
After years of dividing Latin Americans into four racial classifications, a diverse “fifth” class of colonial revolutionaries emerged.
d)
The symbolic “fifth” member of the royal family—after father, mother, son, daughter—who ruled within a given colony
26.
The many variations of mixed race people in Latin America were sorted into a caste system. What contradictory aspect of this system most clearly reveals its racism?
a)
By 1800, all of Latin America’s population was mixed race, and the power rested unfairly in the hands of white minority.
b)
The caste system brought about immediate calls for justice, leading to the start of the Latin American revolutions.
c)
Members of a given caste were only allowed to speak to those in their own caste, or lower castes.
d)
Wealthy people of lower racial castes could buy status as “legally white”, proving that privilege, not pigment, was what mattered.
27.
Before seeking independence, what did most people in the North American English colonies like about being part of the British Empire?
a)
They liked being considered British people, having British protection during wartimes, and having access to British markets.
b)
Colonists of British descent gained higher status by living in North America because it fell to them to command the British Army there.
c)
They made more money (from North Americas plantations) than they would back home, and also land was free.
d)
They enjoyed lower taxes, cheaper food, cultural diversity, and more freedom of religion.
28.
Why did the French help the North American colonists fight against the English during the American Revolution?
a)
They hoped a victory in North America would enable them to eventually rule and tax those citizens.
b)
They felt they owed the North American colonists, who had protected the French from England in a previous conflict.
c)
The North American colonists agreed to share the territory with the French if they won.
d)
The French saw the British as their enemy and wanted revenge, having just lost to them during the Seven Years War.
29.
Many causes led to the French Revolution, but which response is the most significant of those causes?
a)
Slavery
b)
Taxes
c)
Empire
d)
Religion
30.
How did the movement known as The Enlightenment get its name?
a)
Thinkers and writers were shining “light” on topics that hadn’t been examined before.
b)
The earlier Scientific revolution resulted in technology that could produce artificial light.
c)
Heavy, burdensome systems of government were finally being challenged made “light” by new ways of thinking.
d)
The name came much later than that actual movement, during the “Age of Reason”, when a new generation of philosophers put names to past movements.
31.
In what way did The Enlightenment lead to calls for the abolition of slavery?
a)
Some Enlightenment thinkers emphasized our shared humanity and rights, which led to pro-abolitionist thinking.
b)
Enlightenment ideals promoted the notion that all people were essentially equal, regardless of wealth, gender and race.
c)
Enlightenment philosophers were largely in favor slavery, and this produced a backlash that motivate abolitionists to counter their ideas.
d)
The Enlightenment philosophers were unanimously opposed to slavery, and as the movement gained traction, so did abolitionism.
32.
What do we call people who are members of a nation that recognizes popular sovereignty?
a)
Citizens
b)
Subjects
c)
Laborers
d)
Serfs
33.
Which term would most likely be used to explain what sovereignty is?
a)
Enlightenment
b)
Working class
c)
Popular monarchy
d)
Self-governance
34.
In this era, what was an important difference between sovereignty and equal rights?
a)
Sovereignty was a form of government while equal rights is a more general ideal that people should not be oppressed by those more powerful than them.
b)
Sovereignty was great for the people who qualified, but women, enslaved people, and most non-white people did not.
c)
Equal rights mostly pertained to separate groups of people, while sovereignty promised freedom for everyone.
d)
Politically, they mean the same thing, but because sovereign can also mean “supreme ruler” the term has fallen out of use.
35.
As more states in Europe and the Americas became sovereign nations, how did the role of children in middle and upper-class society change?
a)
Sovereign nations had an increased demand for labor due to infrastructure changes, so most children had to work.
b)
They were treated with more care, given an education, and were no longer made to work.
c)
Children were no longer expected to live at home, so most of them were sent to boarding schools from age 5 to 14.
d)
The appropriate age for marriage changed from 13 to 18 so that children could live at home longer.
36.
Under colonialism during the Long Nineteenth Century, why were indigenous children in Canada, Australia, and the United States often forced to attend boarding schools?
a)
Most indigenous adults were killed when the colonists took over, making boarding schools the safest and most practical solution.
b)
Colonizers wanted to change what they saw was the problematic behavior of indigenous people.
c)
These children were perceived as needing protection from their families, who were viewed as neglectful and sometimes abusive.
d)
White, European colonists wanted their children to share the classroom with indigenous children give the appearance of diversity and acceptance.
37.
Which term is best defined as the right of citizens to govern their own bodies and minds?
a)
Personal sovereignty
b)
Secularization
c)
Democracy
d)
Political sovereignty
38.
Most of the responses refer to political concepts that were relatively new in 1750. The correct response names the oldest and most established political concept. Choose the best answer.
a)
Empires
b)
Nation-states
c)
National citizenship
d)
Sovereignty
39.
What new phenomenon increased dramatically in the “long nineteenth century”?
a)
Empires
b)
Political revolutions
c)
Slavery
d)
Authoritarian monarchs
40.
What best defines political sovereignty?
a)
The right of a country to govern itself
b)
The division between religion and the state
c)
An individual’s right to govern their own body and mind
d)
A revolution in which an authoritarian becomes the leader
41.
What term do historians use to for the 164 years from 1750 to 1914?
a)
The Long Nineteenth Century
b)
The Age of Revolution
c)
The Age of Enlightenment
d)
The Scientific Revolution
42.
Which response is the most accurate description of governments around the world before 1750?
a)
There was a variety of monarchies, democracies and republics depending on the region.
b)
Religious leadership dominated most governments prior to the long nineteenth century.
c)
Most governments were democratic, giving their citizens some political power.
d)
Governments were mostly monarchies or similar governments where a few people ruled over everyone else.
43.
Which response contains the most potent “ingredients for revolution”?
a)
Increased production and distribution
b)
The decolonization of an empire’s territories
c)
The suffering and repression of many people
d)
A successful, beloved monarch
44.
Which transformation in the long nineteenth century is most relevant to the communities frame? Choose the best answer.
a)
The increase in rural labor and decrease in industrial manufacturing
b)
The changes in how most people felt about their role as subjects or citizens
c)
The increased globalization of resources, goods, and services
d)
The spread and exchange of political and intellectual ideas across elite networks
45.
Which term refers to a type of war, but can also simple mean “change”?
a)
Enlightenment
b)
Sovereignty
c)
Rebellion
d)
Revolution
46.
How did the Industrial Revolution change social organization, especially in British society?
a)
People lived closer together in cities, forming connections with those who shared physical space over family ties.
b)
Families grew in size to encompass both extended family as well as neighbors nearby.
c)
Extended family communities were replaced by nuclear families without support systems.
d)
The prior focus on families was replaced by extreme focus on the individual.
47.
Working conditions in factories were often horrendous. What, then, drew people into cities to work in these industrial factories?
a)
Chances to live in cities
b)
Fewer taxes on city dwellers
c)
Opportunity for social mobility
d)
Strong sense of community
48.
Before industrialization, what were the main sources of power used by farmers and herders to produce food?
a)
Primarily coal and other fossil fuels
b)
Mostly the physical labor of both humans and animals
c)
Advanced solar and wind energy technologies
d)
Almost entirely wind- and water-powered devices
49.
In Europe and North America, what is one of the ways family life tended to change as a result of industrialization?
a)
Parents now worked away from the home, and children started going to school where they trained to become workers.
b)
More extended families started living in one big house, whereas before each home usually had only the nuclear family.
c)
There was more money to go around, and families were able to choose where they wanted to live.
d)
City life became dominated by factories and businesses, so more families moved to the country.
50.
What is the country most often said to be the place where industrialism began?
a)
Australia
b)
Britain
c)
Egypt
d)
China
51.
In response to issues like poor industrial work conditions, child labor, inequality, and other serious problems, what system of economics and government was promoted?
a)
Industrialism
b)
Capitalism
c)
Fascism
d)
Socialism
52.
What is one of the negative consequences of industrialization?
a)
Not enough jobs to go around
b)
More poverty
c)
Less access to education
d)
Governments controlling people’s wealth
53.
What aspects of our modern, daily lives exist primarily because of industrialization? Choose the best answer.
a)
What we eat and what we wear
b)
How we work and how we are educated
c)
Nearly every aspect of our lives
d)
How we travel and how we build our homes
54.
What effect did industrialization have on cities?
a)
They were largely unaffected by industrialization, though rural areas changed a lot.
b)
They became much more desirable places for families to live and work together.
c)
They became less populated because of the pollution caused by so many new factories.
d)
They became larger and more crowded as people moved from rural areas to find work.
55.
In eighteenth century Great Britain, what invention led to a dramatic increase in coal production?
a)
The loom
b)
The automobile
c)
The factory system
d)
The steam engine
56.
What effect did Great Britain’s laws have on industrialization in that country?
a)
They protected wage laborers from mistreatment and exploitation, which made the factories more successful.
b)
They protected large-scale investments and private property, which sped up industrialization.
c)
They prohibited this type of production but were not enforceable in the face of rapid growth, highlighting flaws in Great Britain’s legal system.
d)
They gave the government almost total control over the factories and the people who worked in them.
57.
Which response is NOT one of the many pre-existing factors that many say caused the Industrial Revolution to start in Great Britain, rather than anywhere else?
a)
Favorable laws concerning finance and private property
b)
A strong wool trade that was easy to increase in scale with industrial technologies
c)
Abundant coal, due to that region’s particular geological makeup
d)
Cheap labor from a population eager to do coal-mining work
58.
What made the Scientific Revolution “revolutionary”?
a)
Its concentration in one place
b)
Its direct influence on political revolutions
c)
The massive scale of its impact
d)
The fact that people were so innovative
59.
The discovery of fossil fuels and how to use them for energy was the basis of the Industrial Revolution. What quality of fossil fuels led to large-scale, worldwide inequality that persists today?
a)
Their scarcity
b)
Their high value
c)
Their harmful environmental effects
d)
Their uneven distribution
60.
The steam engine was a key invention during the Industrial Revolution. It was used to power trains, ships, and other heavy machinery. What was the steam engine originally designed to do?
a)
To power trains that ran on large railway systems
b)
To pump water out of coal mines
c)
To generate electricity for power plants
d)
To power cotton spindles and looms
61.
There is much debate over why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain and not somewhere else with an abundance of coal, like China. What is one possible reason industrialization started in Britain?
a)
An easier type of coal to mine – “dry coal” – found in Britain
b)
A capitalist economic system with heavy government involvement
c)
A large national railroad that helped transport coal and materials
d)
A shortage of wood along with convenient coal deposits
62.
What role did industrialization play in the age of imperialism?
a)
It led to the end of the age of imperialism as industrialization favored independent states and free markets.
b)
It helped begin the process of imperialism when Europeans sought to help other nations by spreading industrialization.
c)
It intensified imperialism as industrial nations sought resources and labor from colonies.
d)
It slowed down Europe’s entry into imperialism as many countries were busy with the process of industrializing.
63.
What economic system did the philosopher and historian Karl Marx promote?
a)
Imperialism
b)
Industrialism
c)
Capitalism
d)
Socialism
64.
How do capitalists and socialists understand human nature and the struggle between socio-economic classes?
a)
Capitalism and socialism agree that the struggle between socio-economic classes is unnatural.
b)
Capitalism believes that the struggle between socio-economic classes is unnatural, while socialism believes that socioeconomic struggle is natural.
c)
Capitalism believes that the struggle between socio-economic classes is natural, while socialism believes that socioeconomic struggle is unnatural.
d)
Capitalism and socialism agree that the struggle between socio-economic classes is natural.
65.
What is one way that industrial capitalism took unfair advantage of the proletariat?
a)
It allowed capitalists to control resources.
b)
It allowed the proletariat to control resources.
c)
It minimized women’s economic mobility.
d)
It improved the working environments for all laborers.
66.
Karl Marx coined the term “proletariat” to describe a specific class. What class does it describe?
a)
A class of people who sell their labor in return for a wage.
b)
A class of people who own the means of production in return for profit.
c)
A class of people who were enslaved and forced to work without pay, and without freedom.
d)
A class of people who were bound to work on the estates of a lord.
67.
How did unions support labor movements?
a)
Unions fought for women’s rights.
b)
Unions taught individuals to read and write.
c)
Unions liberated enslaved individuals.
d)
Unions allowed workers to organize.
68.
What did Mary Wollstonecraft (author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman) argue was the main burden for women?
a)
The lack of educational opportunities
b)
The natural inequality of men and women
c)
The lack of female representatives in government
d)
The persistence of racial and class-based inequality
69.
How did the rise of Marxism (socialism) create potential for change in gender roles?
a)
Socialism generally promoted the idea that men and women could both be leaders.
b)
Socialism flipped the script and suggested that men should dominate the private sphere and women should take to the public sphere.
c)
Socialism focused on patriotic motherhood and encouraged women to give birth to more citizens.
d)
Socialism called for a gendered division of labor which safeguarded certain jobs for women.
70.
Which of the following is a fundamental problem of imperialism?
a)
It is a political system in which nearly all members of society are allowed to participate in government and can elect their own leaders
b)
It is a political theory that promotes a society where all property is publicly owned and people’s work and pay aligns with their abilities and needs.
c)
It is an economic system where private industries control a nation’s wealth
d)
It is a set of social and economic practices that encourages people in one society to conquer and control people outside of their society
71.
What is one of the key differences between the “modern” empires of nineteenth and twentieth centuries and those that existed for several millennia before that time?
a)
Ancient empires used race to determine social status.
b)
Ancient empires usually promoted religious beliefs.
c)
Modern empires treated its conquered people as equals.
d)
Modern empires were also industrial empires.
72.
From 1850-1950 CE, amid the rapid changes that came with industrial imperialism, what can be seen as one positive outcome?
a)
Successful resistance movements which resulted in the protection of rights
b)
Mutually beneficial relationships between imperialists and the people they colonized
c)
A decrease in racism as diverse societies forged relationships
d)
A reliable economic system that benefited almost everyone
73.
Around 1850-1950 CE, what relatively new idea drove countries to be increasingly competitive with each other?
a)
Reformism
b)
Nationalism
c)
Resistance
d)
Colonialism
74.
Which term best describes how the people of a ruling empire viewed the people from the colonies?
a)
Citizens
b)
Subjects
c)
Rulers
d)
Comrades
75.
Which response describes the political style of most of the countries in the world today?
a)
Nation-states
b)
Empires
c)
Monarchies
d)
Colonies
76.
Why did imperial powers talk about “civilizing” and “improving” local populations in the places they colonized?
a)
To justify a belief in their own superiority over the people they colonized
b)
To conceal their fear that non-industrial societies might be more advanced than the empire controlling them
c)
To shape the colonized people into proper citizens of their growing empire
d)
To express that they had humanitarian intentions for their colonial activity
77.
Empires have been around for thousands of years. How were the empires of the late nineteenth century “new”?
a)
They were imperialistic and sought to conquer more territory.
b)
They divided people into citizens with rights and subjects with few to no rights.
c)
They had new technologies, ideas, and beliefs.
d)
They used new methods of maintaining order by encouraging nationalism.
78.
What is the difference between imperialism and colonialism?
a)
Colonialism describes the ideas that are used to justify conquest and rule, while imperialism describes the experience of being ruled.
b)
Colonialism describes the tools needed to conquer and rule a colony, and imperialism describes the actual ruling of a colony.
c)
Imperialism describes the tools needed to conquer and rule a colony, and colonialism describes the actual ruling of a colony.
d)
Imperialism describes the ideas that are used to justify conquest and rule, while colonialism describes the experience of being ruled.
79.
How did capitalism and industrialization incentivize Europeans to conquer new colonies?
a)
Both encouraged international cooperation and control.
b)
European economic gain made it easy to buy land for colonies.
c)
European factories needed raw materials and new customers.
d)
European capitalists needed factories from colonies to process raw materials.
80.
How did the political structure of the African continent change between 1880 and 1914?
a)
It went from being under European imperial control to American imperial control.
b)
It went from being under American imperial control to European imperial control.
c)
It went from being under colonial control to being mostly independent communities.
d)
It went from mostly independent communities to being under colonial control.
81.
Who are “men-on-the-spot” in the context of industrial imperialism?
a)
Leaders of rebels that resisted the colonizers
b)
Spies within a colony that report back to the state
c)
Local rulers of a colony that enforce the rules of the colonizers
d)
Generals that went out and seized bits of territory on their own
82.
What made “New Imperialism” new?
a)
It was fueled by industrial capitalism.
b)
It rejected racism and nationalism.
c)
It didn’t involve expansion to new territories.
d)
It was fueled by mercantilism.
83.
How was imperialism in this era primarily connected to ideas about race?
a)
Imperialism led to the emergence of racial ideas.
b)
Racial ideas were used to justify imperial expansion.
c)
Racial ideas emerged much later than this era.
d)
Imperialism was connected to religion but not race.
84.
Why were Europeans suddenly able to extend control over large parts of Africa in the late nineteenth century?
a)
Industrialization
b)
Globalization
c)
Imperialism
d)
Colonialism
85.
What is the main reason indirect rule was a useful strategy for the British?
a)
It allowed local culture to remain intact and prevented rebellion.
b)
Local labor was less expensive than European labor.
c)
Local officials became experts of the imperial system.
d)
It diminished the blame placed on Britain for imperialist policies.
86.
What made money an important tool of colonial rule?
a)
Colonial subjects suddenly had to work for wages and pay taxes.
b)
The use of imperial currency made subjects dependent on colonizers.
c)
Monetary payments were used to maintain peace among European powers.
d)
Colonial companies had to pay high taxes to European governments to operate in colonies.
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