Cite at least three other examples of ORP and briefly discuss why this idea is not considered a “strict biological law.”

Which of the following are characteristics that can be used to reconstruct animal phylogeny without including molecular genetic analysis?

The function of leghemoglobin in the roots of legumes is to:

Which of the following represents the change in chromosome number during the process of fertilization in most animals and plants?

In class, we discussed the diagnosis of the Kingdom Animalia (as described by the Encyclopædia Britannica: Animals are multicellular eukaryotes whose cells are bound together by collagen. They have sperm and form polar bodies in oogenesis. Animals lack semirigid cell walls, and movement is effected through muscle and nerve cells. They usually gain energy from other organisms or their products. Animals are found almost anywhere on Earth where there is life. Let's interpret some aspects of this diagnosis by finding the incorrect conclusion:

Consider this diagram of the process of gastrulation and answer the questions below: The arrows A and B represent the movement of cells from the animal pole and rapid division forming

What do the arrows A and B represent?

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into skin and nervous system is the

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the digestive tract, and organs derived from the digestive tract, is the

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the muscles and reproductive system is the

What is the difference between animals that exhibit radial versus bilateral symmetry?

Sponges do not have organized tissues and organs. They cannot be classified as having bilateral or radial symmetry. Therefore, sponges are classified as _______ whereas the rest of the animal groups (with tissues), which are called _________.

A fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm of animals is a

What is the name of the coelom in an eucoelomate organism, such as mammal?

Which of the following does not have a true coelom?

Sponges belong to the phylum

Corals and jellyfish belong to the phylum containing the

Flukes and tapeworms belong to the phylum containing the

All of these animals are mollusks except

A mollusk that has arms connecting directly to the head of the animal is a cephalopod.

Leeches and earthworms belong to the Phylum

Which of the following is not a characteristic of nematodes?

Spiders, lobsters, mosquitoes, and scorpions belong to the Phylum

The most successful phylum regarding diversity and number of species is

Sea cucumbers, star fishes, dollar sands, and sea urchins belong to the phylum

Which of the following is not a characteristic of echinoderms?

In a biology lab you are given a lancelet to dissect. During the dissection you observe a flexible rod extending along its back to its tail. Based on this observation, you can place it in the phylum

The function of vertebrae is to

An animal that maintains its body temperature by using heat generated from its own metabolism is a(n)

A description of sharks that does not apply to other fish groups is that

Which of the following is an amphibian?

Which of the following is not an example of a mammal?

Mammals that lay eggs are

Which of the following is not a characteristic of mammals?

The octopus and squid are cephalopods and are members of which group?

Use the following information to answer the next five questions: In most species, the female frogs lay their ova (unfertilized eggs) directly in the water as males clasp their back and releases sperm. The fertilized eggs hatch into legless, aquatic tadpoles. Most tadpoles feed on algae and have gills. As they mature, tadpoles develop legs and lungs, lose the tail, and acquire carnivorous tastes. Frogs are in which group?

Use the following information to answer the next five questions: In most species, the female frogs lay their ova (unfertilized eggs) directly in the water as males clasp their back and releases sperm. The fertilized eggs hatch into legless, aquatic tadpoles. Most tadpoles feed on algae and have gills. As they mature, tadpoles develop legs and lungs, lose the tail, and acquire carnivorous tastes. Frogs have which of the following traits?

The primary function of external gills in aquatic animals is to

Use the following information to answer the next five questions: In most species, the female frogs lay their ova (unfertilized eggs) directly in the water as males clasp their back and releases sperm. The fertilized eggs hatch into legless, aquatic tadpoles. Most tadpoles feed on algae and have gills. As they mature, tadpoles develop legs and lungs, lose the tail, and acquire carnivorous tastes. 40. Frogs have which of the following traits?

Some semi-aquatic reptiles like crocodiles and alligators can spend much of their life on dry land. Which of the following is an example of an adaptation that would allow reptiles to live and reproduce on dry land?

Caenorhabditis elegans is a nematode that scientists have shown grows from a single cell into about 1,000 cells, of which the same 80 cells die during development through apoptosis. Studying this process in C. elegans has helped scientists identify the genes that regulate programmed cell death processes in humans. Which of the following statements is supported by this observation?

Which of the following is a trait that mammals and reptiles (including birds) share but that is not present in any other chordate group?

The proposed common ancestor to all animals, shown at the left of the evolutionary tree, was a

Prior to the divergence of animals, an ancestor is proposed to have developed the key shared trait of all animals, the

A distinguishing animal trait, let's call it "A," that separates the body forms of the Eumetazoa and the Parazoa is

If an animal is an invertebrate, this means that it

If an animal is a vertebrate, this means that it

The most successful phylum in regard to diversity and number of species is

A description of sharks that does not apply to other fish groups is that

Mammals that lay eggs are

The tendency to concentrate sensory organs and brain at the head end of an animal is called cephalization.

An animal with an indirect development undergoes a metamorphosis in which larvae do not resemble the adult.

Roundworms, flatworms, and annelids show radial symmetry.

Find the mismatched pair

Molecules known as ________, are produced by glands, travel through the bloodstream, and alter the metabolism of specific target cells.

Which of the following is(are) not part of the human endocrine system?

Which structure(s) would you identify as having the function of making testosterone?

The endocrine gland that controls homeostasis in terms of blood glucose levels is the

Which hormone deficiency would lead to a female that is not ovulating?

What gland might be overactive if a patient is losing bone calcium?

The hypothalamus is both part of the central nervous system and part of the endocrine system.

Peptide hormones

If you heard of a newly discovered class of steroid hormones, which property would be most surprising?

Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from

All of the glands in the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the

Which hormones are primary endocrine products of the ovaries?

The activity of the melanocorticotropic hormone, based on its etymology (melanos = black or dark, cortex = shell, tropos = to turn), is best described as:

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are produced by the

Which of the following has its primary effect on the brain's pain receptors?

In humans, the hormone prolactin is produced by the ________ and targets the ________.

The hormone oxytocin is produced by the hypothalamus and stored by the posterior pituitary gland, which also releases it into the bloodstream. Oxytocin binds to receptors in the

The hormone that promotes conservation of water in the human endocrine system is

Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary gland?

A person who lives in an area where food is severely deficient in iodine may have a ________, which presents with a swollen thyroid gland.

To prevent swollen thyroid glands, many nations add iodine to

Which of the following would result in elevated heart rate?

The hormone that stimulates liver cells to release stored glucose is

The adrenal glands are found at the top of the

People having severe allergic reactions to bee stings and specific foods should carry with them a self-injectable dose of

If an individual has high blood sugar characterized with insulin resistance, they are diagnosed with

Insulin is a peptide hormone. Which of the following would occur in an intact muscle cell exposed to insulin?

Another name given to hormones carrying messages from glands to target tissues or organs is

Intracellular signaling pathways in eukaryotes form a network called

Some athletes abuse anabolic steroids to gain greater muscle mass. What are some long-term harmful side effects of using anabolic steroids?

Neurotransmitters and hormones never share the same target cells.

The pancreas produces hormones governing blood glucose, the thyroid releases hormones to control metabolism, and the ovaries and testes provide the sex hormones.

The gallbladder produces materials which help emulsify fats during digestion in addition to digestive enzymes.

The pineal gland produces oxytocin, which helps regulate sleep.

The testes produce the male steroid sex hormone called testosterone.

The pancreas produces both glucagon and insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.

The adrenal glands secrete hormones that affect body fluid regulation and how the body responds to stress.

Seasonal affective disorder, in one of its forms, is due to improper melatonin secretion by the pineal gland.

Darkness tends to increase production of melatonin by the ______ gland.

Epinephrine can act as either a neurotransmitter or a hormone, depending on where it is released and where it is targeted.

The integration of endocrine and nervous functions in the hypothalamus points to how tightly these two systems work together overall.

Peptide hormones are usually carried in the blood, are water-soluble, and bind to receptors located on the plasma membrane.

Steroid hormones generally bind to internal receptors rather than to cell-surface receptors.

Endorphins are natural pain relievers which help block pain.

Oxytocin, a.k.a. "the love hormone," affects human physiology in many ways, including: