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WorksheetsHealthcare technolgy
Total questions: 38
Worksheet time: 19mins
Which healthcare model is funded through general tax payments and characterized by government ownership of hospitals, similar to the UK's NHS?
Bismarck Model
Out-of-Pocket Model
Beveridge Model
National Health Insurance Model
Which code set is specifically used to classify medical procedures and services (what the doctor did) rather than the patient's diagnosis?
CPT (Current Procedural Terminology)
ICD-10
DRG (Diagnosis Related Groups)
LOINC
In the healthcare stakeholder ecosystem, "Third-Party Administrators" (TPAs) primarily function as:
Providers delivering direct patient care.
Regulators setting healthcare policy.
Technologists managing EHR servers.
Intermediaries processing claims and payments.
Which ethical principle is most directly challenged when a doctor believes a specific treatment is life-saving, but the competent patient refuses it?
Justice vs. Efficiency
Autonomy vs. Beneficence
Non-maleficence vs. Privacy
Veracity vs. Fidelity
Which of the following are characteristics of a "Fee-for-Service" payment model? 1.It incentivizes preventive care.
2.Providers are paid for each individual test or procedure.
3.It often leads to over-treatment and rising costs.
4.Providers receive a fixed salary regardless of volume.
1 and 4
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
2 and 4
A rural hospital is struggling with high readmission rates. They decide to switch to a payment model where they receive a single fixed payment to cover a patient's entire 30-day recovery period after surgery, including any readmissions. This model is best described as:
Capitation
Out-of-Pocket
Fee-for-Service
Bundled Payments
An AI algorithm used for allocating ICU beds suggests prioritizing younger patients over older ones to maximize "life years saved." This utilitarian approach conflicts most sharply with which ethical perspective regarding the elderly?
Justice (Fairness/Equality)
Autonomy (Self-governance)
Confidentiality (Data Privacy)
Technological Determinism
A government regulator wants to reduce the "Financial Burden" on patients in a country with a high "Out-of-Pocket" model. Which policy change would most directly address this?
Increasing the number of private specialist clinics.
Introducing stricter FDA regulations for devices.
Implementing a National Health Insurance scheme.
Mandating EMR adoption in hospitals.
What is the primary difference between an EMR and an EHR?
EMRs are digital; EHRs are paper-based.
EMRs include billing data; EHRs only include clinical data.
EMRs are managed by patients; EHRs are managed by doctors.
EMRs are limited to one organization; EHRs are interoperable across multiple organizations.
Which US regulation is the primary standard for ensuring the Privacy and Security of patient health information?
FDA Safety Code
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
HITECH Act
GDPR
In a healthcare database, what is the specific function of a "Primary Key" in a patient table?
To allow multiple doctors to edit the record simultaneously.
To encrypt the patient's name for security.
To uniquely identify each record (e.g., PatientID) and prevent duplicates.
To link the patient to their insurance provider.
"Credentialing" in an EHR system is a security measure designed to:
Verify the identity and qualifications of users (staff) before granting access.
Backup patient data to a cloud server.
Encrypt data while it is being transmitted over the internet.
Automatically log users out after inactivity.
Which of the following are core components of an eHealth Model? 1.Data Collection (e.g., via wearables)
2.Paper-based filing systems
3.Clinical Decision Support
4.Secure Storage and Analytics
1, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, and 4
1 and 2 only
All of the above
A physician tries to prescribe "Drug A" to a patient. The EHR system immediately triggers a pop-up warning that the patient is allergic to "Drug A." This is an example of:
Data Mining
Clinical Decision Support
Secure Messaging
Patient Portal
A hospital wants to ensure that its Radiology system can seamlessly send X-rays to its main EHR system, even though they are made by different vendors. They need to ensure compliance with which standard?
TCP/IP
HL7 / FHIR
SQL
CPT-4
Scenario: During an EHR implementation, staff are refusing to use the new system because they find it difficult. Which "Change Management" step was likely neglected?
Software Installation
Data Migration
Hardware Procurement
Training and Engagement
"Asymmetric Information" in healthcare refers to the fact that:
Insurance companies know more than doctors.
Patients hide symptoms from doctors.
Providers (Doctors) possess significantly more expertise than patients.
Hospitals charge different prices to different people.
Which of the following is NOT typically cited as a primary driver of rising healthcare spending?
Aging population
Technological innovation
Chronic disease burden
Deflation in drug prices
Large hospital networks often achieve lower average costs per patient than small clinics because they can spread fixed costs (like MRI machines) over a higher volume of patients. This is known as:
Economies of Scale
Economies of Scope
Price Discrimination
Moral Hazard
The practice of charging different prices for the same medical service based on the payer (e.g., Insurance A vs. Insurance B vs. Uninsured) is called:
Cost Shifting
Price Discrimination
Capitation
Adverse Selection
Which trends are currently shaping the Physician Market?
Shift from solo practices to group practices.
Decrease in the use of technology.
Expansion of Telemedicine.
Integration with hospital networks.
1 and 2 only
1, 3, and 4 only
2 and 3 only
All of the above
A patient suffering from a sudden heart attack does not shop around for the cheapest hospital but goes to the nearest one immediately. This behavior demonstrates that demand for emergency healthcare is:
Inelastic
Elastic
Supply-induced
Perfectly competitive
A private hospital chain acquires a series of smaller primary care clinics to feed patients into their specialty centers. This structure is best described as:
Horizontal Integration
Divestiture
Market Segmentation
Vertical Integration (Hub-and-Spoke)
In health insurance, "Moral Hazard" refers to:
Insurers denying coverage to sick people.
Doctors charging illegal fees.
High-risk people buying more insurance than healthy people.
Behavior changes (like riskier actions) by patients because they are insured.
Which Class of medical devices is considered High Risk (e.g., Pacemakers) and requires the most stringent FDA approval (PMA)?
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
"Adverse Selection" occurs when:
An insurance plan attracts a disproportionate number of healthy people.
An insurance plan attracts a disproportionate number of high-risk/sick people.
A hospital selects only wealthy patients.
A doctor selects the wrong treatment.
What is the primary regulatory pathway for Class II medical devices (like CT Scanners) that show they are "substantially equivalent" to an existing device?
510(k) Clearance
Premarket Approval (PMA)
New Drug Application (NDA)
Humanitarian Device Exemption
Which of the following are examples of Pharma-Device Convergence?Drug-eluting Stents
Smart Insulin Pumps
Traditional Bandages
Inhalers
1,2 and4
1 and 3
3 and 4
2 and 4
Scenario: An insurance plan has a high deductible. How does this typically affect patient behavior?
Patients will visit the doctor more frequently for minor issues.
Patients may delay care to avoid paying the out-of-pocket cost.
Patients will stop paying their premiums.
It has no effect on behavior.
If an insurance company enters a "Death Spiral," what is happening?
They are denying too many claims.
Government regulations are forcing them to close.
Rising premiums cause healthy people to drop out, leaving only sick people, which raises premiums further.
They are merging with a hospital system.
A startup develops a new "Smart Pill" that tracks adherence when swallowed. Why is the "Innovation Valuation" for this product difficult?
Because pills are cheap to make.
Because the FDA does not regulate pills.
Because patients don't like technology.
Because it is hard to quantify the monetary value of "adherence" compared to the cost of the technology.
What is the primary definition of Medical Tourism?
Doctors traveling abroad to work.
Exporting pharmaceuticals to other countries.
Patients traveling across borders to receive medical care.
Which country is a dominant global destination for medical tourism due to its "High Quality, Low Cost" value proposition?
India
USA
UK
Japan
"Health Bads" in the context of globalization refer to:
Infectious diseases spreading across borders.
Medical errors committed by tourists.
Low-quality medical devices.
The export of unhealthy consumption habits (e.g., tobacco, fast food) to developing nations.
When calculating the ROI (Return on Investment) of a new Health IT system, "Soft ROI" includes:
Reduction in transcription costs.
Improved patient safety and satisfaction.
Staff layoffs.
Higher billing revenue.
Which of the following are challenges associated with Medical Tourism?
Lack of follow-up care upon return.
Legal jurisdiction issues (malpractice).
Higher cost of treatment than in the US.
Risk of antibiotic-resistant infections.
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 4 only
3 and 4 only
All of the above
A developing country notices a sharp rise in diabetes and obesity after opening its markets to global trade. This phenomenon is best explained as:
The consequence of importing "Health Bads" (Nutrition Transition).
The benefits of Medical Tourism.
Improved diagnostic technology.
A failure of the Beveridge Model.
Scenario: A health insurer refuses to pay for a new "Robotic Surgery" because the "Cost-Effectiveness Ratio" is too high. What does this mean?
The robot is dangerous.
The surgery is experimental.
The extra health benefit (QALY) gained is not worth the massive extra cost compared to standard surgery.
The hospital does not own the robot.
