Elizabeth mixes two chemicals together and measures the amount of thermal energy they release as they react. In this experiment, what is the amount of thermal energy released? (SC.8.N.1.1)

How is a hypothesis beneficial even when it is NOT supported by the data? (SC.8.N.1.1)

Scientists use different types of investigations to develop scientific explanations. In which scenario did a scientist conduct a controlled experiment with independent and dependent variables? (SC.8.N.1.1)

Why would a researcher be most likely to choose an observation instead of a controlled experiment? (SC.8.N.1.1)

In 2005, officials in Florida discovered a serious disease that ruined the fruit of orange trees. If left to spread, this disease would destroy Florida's citrus industry. Which response represents a scientific approach to solving this problem? (SC.8.N.1.1)

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between an independent and dependent variable? (SC.8.N.1.1)

A researcher predicts that rewarding good behavior will positively influence the behavior of eighth-grade students. She asks a teacher to keep all her teaching practices the same from day to day, but begin rewarding good behavior, an approach known as "positive reinforcement." The researcher's results are shown below. Which statement is the best conclusion based on these data? (SC.8.N.1.3)

Look at the graph showing wave height data from a large earthquake and tsunami that occurred under the Indian Ocean. This event caused major damage to many coastal communities in the path of the tsunami. How can this data help scientists? (SC.8.N.1.5)

Mrs. Patel put her students into groups to develop example questions that can be investigated using either observation or measurement in science investigations. Her students created the chart below. Which group developed appropriate questions to obtain data? (SC.8.N.1.6)

From his observations, Aristotle believed Earth was round and that the planets revolved around it. Approximately 1,500 years later, Nicolaus Copernicus evaluated astronomical data and suggested that Earth revolved around the Sun and that the planets' orbits were circular. Through scientific investigation, less than 100 years later, Johannes Kepler found that planets have elliptical orbits. What does this example demonstrate about scientific reasoning? (SC.8.N.3.2)

In science, what is the main difference between a law and a theory? (SC.8.N.3.2)

Consider the work of scientists investigating a popularly held theory. As scientists continue to investigate this particular theory, they begin to find evidence that contradicts one of the main ideas proposed by this theory. Although many previous researchers have supported the theory, the latest research definitely indicates one area of the theory is completely wrong. What should the researchers propose? (SC.8.N.3.2)

A piece of solid wax is placed in a pan and heated on a stove. After a while, the solid wax becomes a liquid. Which one of the following explains why the wax becomes a liquid? (SC.8.P.8.1)

These three images represent the particle arrangement in ice, water, and steam. Which of the following correctly identifies the states of matter? (SC.8.P.8.1)

Which of these lists correctly shows the phases of matter, in order from the state in which the atoms are furthest apart to closest together? (SC.8.P.8.1)

What happens to the particles of a liquid when energy is removed from them? (SC.8.P.8.1)

Which statement correctly describes the difference between mass and weight? (SC.8.P.8.2)

Why does an object weigh less on the Moon than on Earth? (SC.8.P.8.2)

A block of wood with a density of 10 g/cm3 is cut in half. What would the expected density of the two halves be? (SC.8.P.8.3)

The density of frozen water is lower than that of liquid water. A student places 100 grams of frozen water into 100 grams of liquid water. Which statement is correct? (SC.8.P.8.4)

When a raw, whole egg is placed into one cup of tap water, it sinks, but when the same egg is placed into one cup of salt water, it floats. Why does the egg float in saltwater? (SC.8.P.8.4)

A teacher wants to layer these solutions in a tube. The liquid with the highest density will go first followed by another liquid and the least amount of density will be on the top. Based on the measurements of the various liquids, in what order should the teacher place the solutions in the tube? (SC.8.P.8.4)

A student is given a sample of an unknown solid and asked to identify it. The student begins by making a list of questions to investigate about the sample. Which question would be the least useful in helping the student identify what the sample is composed of? (SC.8.P.8.4)

Two common liquids, water and peroxide, are both formed with atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. If both substances discussed above are made of hydrogen and oxygen, how is the make-up of the two substances different? (SC.8.P.8.5)

C₆H₁₂O₆ is the chemical formula for glucose, a type of sugar. Which statement is true about glucose? (SC.8.P.8.5)

Tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) are both members of the same group as carbon, as shown by the periodic table below. Which of the following elements would also be a member of this group, and why? (SC.8.P.8.6)

Look at the periodic table. Which element would have chemical properties most similar to those of phosphorus (atomic #15) and why? (SC.8.P.8.6)

Danielle is studying elements in the periodic table and observes that beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra) belong to the same group or family. What can she infer about these elements? (SC.8.P.8.6)

A model of a nitrogen atom is shown below. In this model, what do the black spheres represent? (SC.8.P.8.7)

Audra is looking at a diagram of an atom. Which particle(s) does she see inside the nucleus? (SC.8.P.8.7)

If a sample of gold were reduced to the smallest possible particle of pure gold, which statement would most accurately describe the result? (SC.8.P.8.7)

How many protons does Fluorine have? (SC.8.P.8.7)

How many neutrons does Fluorine have? (SC.8.P.8.7)

How many electrons does Fluorine have? (SC.8.P.8.7)

Which statement best illustrates how mixtures and pure substances are different? (SC.8.P.8.9)

Part of Todd's dinner was salad dressing, soup, salt, and cake.Which of the following dinner items is a pure substance? (SC.8.P.8.9)

The relationships among various types of matter are shown below. Which label would be most appropriate for Box 2? (SC.8.P.8.9)

Matt and Jillian mixed a measured amount of baking soda with a measured amount of vinegar. The chemical reaction produced a measured amount of acetic acid and an unknown amount of carbon dioxide that was released into the air. Matt was able to figure out how much carbon dioxide was released during the chemical reaction. Which law did Matt most likely use to figure out the amount of carbon dioxide that was produced during the chemical reaction? (SC.8.P.9.1)

What can be concluded about the mass in a sealed container during a chemical or physical change? (SC.8.P.9.1)

After a piece of paper is burned, the ashes weigh less than the original paper. Which statement best explains this difference in mass? (SC.8.P.9.1)

Which statement correctly describes how a chemical change is different from a physical change? (SC.8.P.9.2)

Which process involves only a physical change? (SC.8.P.9.2)

Which is the most correct explanation of a physical change that has occurred? (SC.8.P.9.2)

Which activity represents the best method for increasing the rate of the chemical reaction when combining two chemicals? (SC.8.P.9.3)

Storing food in a refrigerator delays the chemical reactions that cause the food to spoil. In this example, which factor is delaying the chemical reactions? (SC.8.P.9.3)

Which of the following shows Al + O₂ → Al₂O₃ as a balanced chemical equation?

Which of the following shows C₃H₈ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O as a balanced chemical equation?

Which of the following shows H₂ + O₂ → H₂O as a balanced chemical equation?