Worksheetssemester exam
Total questions: 39
Worksheet time: 20mins
What behavioral characteristic do neurons share with muscle cells?
Inertia
Photosynthesis
Calcification
Excitability
How does body temperature influence conduction speed?
Higher temperature decreases conduction speed, while lower temperature increases it
Body temperature has no effect on conduction speed
Conduction speed is only affected by external temperature
Higher temperature increases conduction speed, while lower temperature decreases it
What factors influence how fast nerve impulses travel?
Cell size and shape
Number of dendrites and temperature
Nutrient availability and hormone levels
Axon diameter and myelination
What is another name for the electrical charge created by depolarization?
Resting potential
Graded potential
Action potential
Equilibrium potential
What generally happens after a neuron membrane is depolarized?
Cell death
Protein synthesis
Endocytosis
Repolarization
What does it mean when a cell membrane is polarized?
The membrane is impermeable to ions
The membrane is physically stretched
The cell is actively dividing
There is a difference in electrical charge across the membrane
What is conductivity in the context of neurons?
The ability to contract
The ability to transmit electrical signals
The ability to store nutrients
The ability to secrete hormones
What must occur for a cell membrane to respond to another stimulus after depolarization?
Immediate stimulation
Further depolarization
Cell division
Repolarization to the resting state
What provides the energy for creating the action potential in muscle?
Glucose directly from the bloodstream
Creatine
Sunlight
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
How many skeletal muscle fibers does a single motor neuron supply impulses to?
Exactly one muscle fiber
Only fibers in the bicep
Never more than three fibers
It varies, but one motor neuron can supply impulses to multiple fibers
What is the function of an axon?
To receive nerve impulses from other neurons
To protect the nerve cell body
To produce energy for the nerve cell
To transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body
What does muscle tissue need in order to develop tension?
Only ATP for energy
Only a nervous system stimulus
Darkness and complete rest
A nervous system stimulus and ATP
What happens when a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon terminal?
The axon terminal retracts
The impulse stops immediately
Neurotransmitters are released to stimulate the muscle fiber
The muscle contracts without further steps
What are actin and myosin?
Carbohydrates in muscle tissue
Hormones regulating muscle growth
Minerals essential for muscle function
Proteins that interact to cause muscle contraction
What is the neuromuscular system?
The system that controls digestion
Blood vessels supplying muscles
The interaction of nerves and muscles to produce movement
The part of the brain controlling memory
What is the difference between slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers?
Slow-twitch fibers are larger and stronger
Fast-twitch fibers use oxygen more efficiently
There is no difference
Slow-twitch fibers resist fatigue; fast-twitch fibers produce more power but fatigue quickly
How are involuntary and voluntary muscles distinguished?
Voluntary muscles are consciously controlled
Voluntary muscles are striated
Voluntary muscles are only in limbs
Voluntary muscles contract quickly
Why is an individual skeletal muscle cell called a muscle fiber?
Because it is flexible
Because it resembles thread-like fibers
Because it is made of many smaller fibers
Due to its long, cylindrical shape
What is the main function of cardiac muscle?
Maintaining posture
Controlling limb movement
Regulating digestion
Pumping blood throughout the body
Which part of a neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?
Node of Ranvier
Myelin sheath
Dendrite
Axon
What is the role of the myelin sheath in nerve cells?
It connects neurons to muscle fibers
It generates nerve impulses
It stores neurotransmitters
It insulates the axon and speeds up impulse transmission
Which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements?
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Visceral muscle
Smooth muscle
Which structure connects a motor neuron to a muscle fiber?
Dendrite
Myelin sheath
Neuromuscular junction
Synaptic cleft
What is the primary function of smooth muscle tissue?
Pumping blood
Voluntary movement
Regulating internal organ function
Transmitting nerve impulses
Which ion is most important for initiating muscle contraction?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chloride
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the digestive tract?
Connective tissue
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
What is the role of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction?
They insulate the axon
They store calcium ions
They stimulate muscle contraction
They block nerve impulses
Which structure in a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses toward the cell body?
Myelin sheath
Dendrite
Node of Ranvier
Axon
Which structure in a muscle fiber stores calcium ions needed for contraction?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcolemma
Mitochondria
T-tubule
What is the primary role of the myelin sheath in neurons?
To speed up transmission of electrical signals
To connect neurons to muscle fibers
To generate nerve impulses
To store neurotransmitters
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
Storing minerals
Regulating body temperature
Producing blood cells
Providing support and structure
What type of tissue covers the ends of bones at joints to reduce friction?
Nerve tissue
Muscle tissue
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?
Humerus
Femur
Pelvis
Skull
Which anatomical term describes a structure closer to the head?
Distal
Medial
Inferior
Superior
What does the term 'lateral' refer to in anatomical positioning?
Closer to the feet
Closer to the head
Farther from the midline
Closer to the midline
Which term is used to describe the front surface of the body?
Proximal
Medial
Posterior
Anterior
Which anatomical term refers to a structure closer to the midline of the body?
Distal
Medial
Lateral
Inferior
What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
To store calcium ions
To receive signals from other neurons
To insulate the axon
To transmit impulses away from the cell body
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs and is not under voluntary control?
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
