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pathphysio 1 76-100

Total questions: 25

Worksheet time: 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Patient I., 52 years old, was admitted with complaints of severe pains in the heart area, which do not subside from taking nitroglycerin, dizziness and sharp weakness. Objectively: the skin and visible mucous membranes are pale. The body temperature is 37.5°C. The boundaries of the heart are expanded to the left, the tones are deaf, the pulse is 100 min, low filling, irregular. Blood pressure is 95/70 mm Hg. In the lungs, wet wheezing is heard. A blood test revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis and an increase in ESR. What kind of syndrome can you think of?

a)

reperfusion syndrome

b)

resorption syndrome

c)

the calcium paradox

d)

oxygen paradox

e)

myomalacia

2.

A 63-year-old man suffering from bronchial asthma has been taking glucocorticoid medications for several years. During these years, body weight gradually increased, diabetes mellitus and hypertension developed. What is the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure in this patient?

a)

reduction of ACE synthesis

b)

reduction of sodium reabsorption in tubules

c)

dystrophic changes in the renal tubules

d)

increased angiotensinogen synthesis

e)

reduction of adrenoreceptor density

3.

Stress->increase in corticosteroid->increase in the synthesis of angiotensin converting enzyme angiotensinogen->? ->vasospasm->increase in TPVR->hypertension. The missing link in the pathogenesis of hypertension

a)

increase water reabsorption in the kidneys

b)

increased sensitivity to catecholamine’s vascular myositis

c)

increase in the formation of angiotensin II

d)

an increase in total peripheral vascular resistance

e)

increased secretion of aldosterone

4.

A common feature of chronic renal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome, coarctation of the aorta, acromegaly is

a)

hypotension

b)

systemic vasculitis

c)

venous thrombosis

d)

hypertension

e)

occlusive disease

5.

Primary arterial hypertension can lead to

a)

hypercortisolism

b)

hyperthyroxine production

c)

therosclerosis of the renal arteries

d)

Chronic adrenal insufficiency

e)

Frequent negative psycho-emotional stressors

6.

The cause of left ventricular failure is

a)

pulmonary emphysema

b)

chronic pneumonia

c)

bicuspid valve insufficiency

d)

hypertension of the small circulatory system

e)

tricuspid valve insufficiency

7.

In the pathogenesis of secondary hypertension has a value

a)

chronic emotional arousal centers

b)

the excess production of adrenal hormones

c)

persistent increase in excitability of sympathetic nerve centers

d)

hereditary defect of membrane on pumps vascular myositis

e)

reduction of inhibitory influence of the cortex on the vasomotor center

8.

A clinical sign of right ventricular failure is

a)

pulmonary edema

b)

hepatomegaly

c)

pulmonary hypertension

d)

hemoptysis

e)

expiratory dyspnea and hemoptysis

9.

For the right heart failure is characterized

a)

pulmonary edema

b)

ascites

c)

hemoptysis

d)

cardiac asthma

e)

hypertension pulmonary circulation

10.

For the right heart failure is characterized by

a)

hemoptysis

b)

cardiac asthma

c)

edema of the lower extremities

d)

hypertension, pulmonary circulation

e)

pulmonary edema

11.

In the pathogenesis of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood increase in heart failure has value

a)

acceleration of blood flow

b)

increase in blood oxygenation in the lungs

c)

an increase in blood oxygen capacity

d)

decrease in tissue oxygen utilization

e)

enhanced utilization of oxygen by tissue

12.

For the right heart failure is characterized by

a)

hemoptysis

b)

cardiac asthma

c)

hypertension of the large circulatory system

d)

hypertension of the pulmonary circulation

e)

pulmonary edema

13.

Stress->increase in corticosteroid->increase in the synthesis of angiotensin converting enzyme and ? ->increase in the formation of angiotensin II ->vasospasm->increase in TPVR->hypertension. The missing link in the pathogenesis of hypertension

a)

increase water reabsorption in the kidneys

b)

increased sensitivity to catecholamine’s vascular myositis

c)

increase in the synthesis of angiotensinogen

d)

an increase in total peripheral vascular resistance

e)

increased secretion of aldosterone

14.

A 63-year-old man suffering from bronchial asthma has been taking glucocorticoid medications for several years. During these years, body weight gradually increased, diabetes mellitus and hypertension developed. What is the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure in this patient?

a)

reduction of ACE synthesis

b)

reduction of sodium reabsorption in tubules

c)

dystrophic changes in the renal tubules

d)

increase in the synthesis of angiotensin converting enzyme

e)

reduction of adrenoreceptor density

15.

A 42-year-old woman has persistent headaches, general weakness, muscle weakness, creeping sensation, polyuria, nocturia. The relative density of urine is 1001-1002. BP 230/120 mm Hg. Art. In the blood, the sodium content is increased and the potassium content is reduced. Ultrasound examination revealed a tumor of the right adrenal gland. What hormone does the tumor produce?

a)

aldosterone

b)

adrenalin

c)

thyroxine

d)

cortisol

e)

norepinephrine

16.

Through the axons, enter the central nervous system:

a)

influenza A virus

b)

streptococcal exotoxin

c)

herpes viruses

d)

pneumococci

e)

adenovirus

17.

The consequence of disinhibition syndrome can be:

a)

development of dystrophic changes in neurons and innervated structures

b)

development of organ atrophy

c)

development of deafferentation syndrome

d)

development of denervation syndrome

e)

formation of a generator of pathologically increased excitation

18.

A 25-year-old woman developed double vision and respiratory muscle dysfunction. Botulism was diagnosed. What is the most likely mechanism for the muscle dysfunction?

a)

inhibition of glycine secretion into the synaptic cleft

b)

inhibition of acetylcholine secretion into the synaptic cleft

c)

inhibition of norepinephrine secretion into the synaptic cleft

d)

blocking of glycine-sensitive receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

e)

blocking of acetylcholine-sensitive receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

19.

A 73 year old woman presented with muscle weakness and paresthesia in her arms and legs. Neurological examination revealed weakness of the flexors and extensors of the lower extremities, increased knee reflexes, and decreased vibration sensitivity. The patient most likely has a vitamin deficiency.

a)

В1

b)

В2

c)

В6

d)

В9

e)

B12

20.

In a 60-year-old man, in the early period after an acute cerebrovascular accident, the severity of neurological symptoms continued to increase, despite the restoration of blood flow in the damaged cerebral vessel. The cause of the worsening of neurological symptoms in the patient is:

a)

decreased neuronal osmolarity

b)

shrinkage of neurons

c)

reperfusion of neurons

d)

release of calcium from neurons

e)

inhibition of glutamate receptors

21.

A 28-year-old man has clonic seizures, twitching of the neck, face and trunk muscles with a short period of apnea, and foamy saliva coming out of the mouth. After the seizure, which lasts 2 minutes, the muscles relax. This typical form of pathology is based on:

a)

decreased neuronal excitability

b)

suppression of neuronal firing

c)

destruction of dopamine neurons in the locus coeruleus

d)

increased neuronal activity with hypersynchronous firing

e)

predominance of cholinergic system activity in the striatum

22.

Patient A., 72 years old, was admitted to the emergency room of the hospital complaining of weakness in the right half of the body. These symptoms appeared suddenly during a meal. The patient could not move his right arm and right leg, and speech difficulties (aphasia) developed. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient suffers from arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and has significantly elevated cholesterol levels. Upon examination: blood pressure 190/100 mm Hg, severe right-sided hemiparesis, positive Babinski reflex on the right. This condition is characterized by:

a)

absence of tendon reflexes

b)

appearance of pathological reflexes

c)

muscle atrophy

d)

muscle hypotonia

e)

hypo-, areflexia

23.

After a stroke, a 67-year-old man began to experience episodes of severe, difficult to bear polytopic pain, combined with vegetative and motor disorders. Most likely, the pathogenesis of these pains is due to:

a)

suppression of brainstem excitability

b)

formation of disinhibition syndrome in the thalamus

c)

increased conductivity of nerve trunks

d)

decreased excitability of the cerebral cortex

e)

formation of GPUC in the spinal cord

24.

Endogenous factors of damage to the nervous system are:

a)

ionizing radiation

b)

pesticides

c)

lipid peroxidation products

d)

ethyl alcohol

e)

herpes virus

25.

Neurogenic dystrophy is:

a)

autoimmune brain damage

b)

disruption of endorphin synthesis

c)

disruption of metabolism in tissues with a disorder of their innervation

d)

breakdown of higher nervous activity

e)

parabiosis of nerve cells