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WorksheetsUnit 2: Planning & Decision Making
Total questions: 94
Worksheet time: 47mins
Planning is required to make decisions on _____.
What should be done?
Who should be blamed?
When to celebrate holidays?
How to avoid work?
The first step of the management process is concerned with:
planning
organizing
controlling
leading
According to Koontz and O' Donnell, planning is:
Deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it.
Selecting and relating facts and making assumptions regarding the future.
Deciding in the present what to do in future.
According to George R Terry, planning is the selecting and relating of facts and the making and using of assumptions regarding the future in the visualization and formulation of purposed activities believed necessary to achieve desired results.
True
False
According to Philip Kotler, planning is deciding in the present what to do in future.
True
False
Fill in the blank: Planning involves setting the ________ of an organization for achieving the business targets well in time.
objectives
employees
locations
budgets
Planning is a pervasive activity covering the entire enterprise with all its segments and every level of management.
True
False
Planning is a mental exercise involving imagination, foresight, and sound judgement.
True
False
Fill in the blank: Planning is a never-ending activity. It is a ________ exercise.
dynamic
static
temporary
sporadic
The meaning, scope, and nature of planning must be ________. Any error in planning may lead to serious mistakes in other functions.
precise
vague
random
flexible
Planning presupposes the existence of ________ courses of action.
alternative
unique
fixed
random
Planning is directed towards increasing the ________ of the firm.
efficiency
size
location
debt
Planning is flexible as commitment, which is based on future course.
True
False
According to the passage 'Significance of Planning', what does planning enhance in organizations by focusing on end results (i.e. goal accomplishment) rather than other activities?
Improved performance
Increased expenses
Employee turnover
Resource wastage
According to the passage 'Significance of Planning', what does planning help to achieve by formulating goals and objectives as part of the plan, providing a sense of direction to the whole organization?
Better coordination
Increased competition
Higher taxation
Random decision-making
According to the passage 'Significance of Planning', what is the most effective way to ensure objectivity in decision making?
To plan in advance the short- and long-term goals to be achieved, criteria for decision making, etc.
To rely solely on past experiences for all decisions.
To make decisions based on intuition and guesswork.
To avoid setting any specific criteria for decision making.
Refer to the diagram of the Planning Process. Which of the following is the first step in the planning process?
Establishing Objectives
Perception of Opportunities
Planning Premises
Formulating Support Plans
Fill in the blank: In the planning process, '__________' involves a preliminary look at possible future opportunities and the ability to see them clearly and completely.
Perception of Opportunities
Delegation of Authority
Coordination of Resources
Implementation of Plans
Goals are broader than objectives, whereas objectives function as smaller goals that support the bigger goals.
True
False
The main purpose of establishing objectives in the planning process is:
to provide direction and a basis for measuring progress
to allocate financial resources
to increase employee salaries
to reduce the number of meetings
Which step in the planning process involves analyzing the environment to forecast aids and barriers to goals and objectives?
Develop Budgets
Considering the Planning Premises
Implement the Plans
Control the Plans
What does the development of action plans to reach goals and objectives consist of?
An action plan consists of the specific steps necessary to achieve a goal or objective.
An action plan is a summary of past achievements.
An action plan is a list of resources available for a project.
An action plan is a vision statement for the organization.
Planning usually results in action plans that require money to implement. Among the expenses would be larger advertising and promotion budgets geared to seniors and women. Which step does this describe?
Develop Budgets
Control the Plans
Implement the Plans
Considering the Planning Premises
Poor execution, not poor planning, is the major cause of failure when CEOs fail.
True
False
What does the control process measure in the planning process?
The control process measures progress toward goal attainment and indicates corrective action if too much deviation is detected.
The control process measures the allocation of resources among departments.
The control process measures employee satisfaction and morale.
The control process measures the effectiveness of marketing strategies.
Which step in the planning process involves putting the developed plans into use and mastering execution techniques to maintain a competitive advantage?
Develop Budgets
Implement the Plans
Control the Plans
Considering the Planning Premises
What is a contingency plan?
A plan used only for financial emergencies
A backup plan to be used if the original plan cannot be implemented or a crisis develops
A plan for daily operations
A plan for marketing only
Which type of plan is usually formulated by the top authorities of organizations and outlines the broad goals for the whole organization?
Strategic planning
Tactical planning
Operational planning
Marketing planning
Tactical plans focus primarily on ______ and actions.
people
budgets
technology
locations
Operational plans are usually derived from ______ plans.
tactical
strategic
financial
marketing
Which type of plan is typically implemented over a long period of time and is relatively general (less detailed)?
Strategic planning
Tactical planning
Operational planning
Crisis planning
What is the management level at which Strategic Planning is done?
Top level
Intermediate level
Lower or supervisory level
What is the duration of plan for Tactical Planning?
Long term
Short to medium term
Short term
Which type of planning covers the whole organization?
Strategic Planning
Tactical Planning
Operational Planning
Scope of guidelines in Operational Planning is:
Broad, directional and general
Neither too general nor too specific
Narrow and specific
Plan flexibility or adaptability is highest in which type of planning?
Strategic Planning
Tactical Planning
Operational Planning
What is the primary purpose of planning in Tactical Planning?
A) Goals and objectives formulation
B) Developing procedures for goal formulation
C) Goal implementation and controlling
Managerial functions involved in Strategic Planning are _______.
Planning and forecasting
Organizing and staffing
Directing and controlling
Budgeting and auditing
Assumptions about the future in Strategic Planning are:
Unpredictable and highly uncertain
Moderately predictable and reasonably certain
Predictable and certain
The intended outcome of the plan in Operational Planning is _______.
Finite and measurable
Vague and undefined
Continuously changing
Impossible to assess
Which type of planning involves controlling as the main managerial function?
Strategic Planning
Tactical Planning
Operational Planning
What does MBO stand for in management?
Management by Objectives
Management by Operations
Management by Organization
Management by Output
Who gave the concept of Management by Objectives (MBO) in the year 1954?
Peter F. Drucker
Elton Mayo
Henri Fayol
Frederick Taylor
Which of the following is NOT a step in the Management by Objectives process?
A) Define organization goals
B) Define employee objectives
C) Performance evaluation
D) Financial auditing
In the Management by Objectives process, what is the purpose of continuous monitoring performance and progress?
To monitor the performance and progress of each employee in the organization and increase the effectiveness of managers.
To assign new job roles to employees regularly.
To reduce the number of meetings held in the organization.
To eliminate the need for employee feedback.
Within the MBO framework, who participates in the performance review?
Managers concerned
External auditors
Customers
Shareholders
The Management by Objectives process helps the employees to understand their ______ at the workplace.
duties
salary
location
age
KRAs (Key Result Areas) are designed for each employee as per their interest, specialization and ______ qualification.
educational
physical
financial
emotional
The employees are clear as to what is expected out of them in the Management by Objectives process.
True
False
Management by Objectives process leads to satisfied employees and avoids job mismatch and unnecessary confusions later on.
True
False
Employees in their own way contribute to the achievement of the ______ and objectives of the organization.
goals
rules
profits
departments
What does Management by Objectives (MBO) ensure amongst employees?
Effective communication
Increased workload
Reduced motivation
Lack of transparency
Fill in the blank: Management by Objectives leads to well defined _______ at the workplace.
hierarchies
conflicts
delays
ambiguities
Which of the following is a feature of MBO?
Lack of participation
High degree of participation in goal setting and performance appraisal
Ignoring key result areas
Undefined goals
The emphasis in MBO regarding key result areas (KRAs) is on:
setting measurable objectives for performance evaluation.
increasing employee turnover.
reducing communication between departments.
eliminating all managerial roles.
Fill in the blank: Participative decision-making is a _______ of MBO.
prerequisite
consequence
byproduct
hindrance
Fill in the blank: One of the sub-key areas under Finance is _________.
Sources of Funds
Marketing Strategies
Production Planning
Human Resource Policies
Fill in the blank: The Systems Approach in Management by Objectives (MBO) attempts to integrate the individual with the organisation and the organisation with its ________.
environment
employees
products
competitors
Fill in the blank: The ultimate aim of MBO is to secure the optimum utilization of ________ and human resources of the organisation.
physical
financial
technological
intellectual
Fill in the blank: MBO is a non-specialist technique and it can be used by all types of ________.
managers
machines
products
customers
Fill in the blank: Under MBO, accountability for results is not centralized at particular points. Rather every member of the organisation is accountable for accomplishing the ________ set for him.
goals
rules
tasks
instructions
Fill in the blank: MBO is a 'total approach'. It attaches equal importance to the economic and ________ dimensions of an organisation.
human
technical
financial
legal
Fill in the blank: Management by objectives helps employees appreciate their on-the-job ________ and responsibilities.
roles
vacations
salaries
uniforms
What is one limitation of Management by Objectives (MBO)?
It always considers the organization's existing conditions
It often ignores the organization's existing conditions and working conditions
It emphasizes the significance of context
It never puts pressure on employees
Which of the following is a limitation of Management by Objectives (MBO)?
More emphasis is given on goals and targets, putting pressure on employees
It encourages involvement and growth
It always balances target setting and operational issues
It emphasizes the significance of context
Fill in the blank: Managers sometimes over-emphasize the ________, as compared to operational issues, as a generator of success.
target setting
resource allocation
employee turnover
market share
The MBO approach always emphasizes the significance of the context in which the goals are set.
True
False
What is a tendency of many managers regarding Management by Objectives (MBO)?
They see it as a total system that can handle all management issues
They see it as a tool for involvement and growth
They never depend on MBO
They always prepare for all problems in the MBO system
Fill in the blank: Decision making is a choice from among ________ alternatives.
two or more
one or less
no
infinite
Define decision making as per the worksheet.
Decision making is the process of choosing the best alternative from available options.
Decision making is the act of following instructions without question.
Decision making is ignoring all available information.
Decision making is delaying choices indefinitely.
According to Hodge and Johnson, the purpose of decision making in management is:
to select the best alternative to achieve organizational objectives.
to increase employee turnover.
to avoid taking responsibility.
to reduce communication within the team.
Fill in the blank: Decision making is a continuous and dynamic process. Managers have to take decisions on various policies and administrative matters. This is called ________ activity.
Continuous
Temporary
Random
Irregular
Fill in the blank: Decisions are usually made to achieve some purpose or goal or objectives. This is known as the ________ process.
Goal-oriented
Random
Unplanned
Reactive
Fill in the blank: Decision making requires knowledge, skills, experience and maturity on the part of decision-maker. This is called ________/Intellectual activity.
Mental
Physical
Mechanical
Emotional
Fill in the blank: Decision making aims at providing solution to a given problem before organization. This is called ________ process.
Goal-oriented
Random
Reactive
Unplanned
Fill in the blank: Decision making not only involves intellectual abilities but also intuition, subjective values and judgment. This is called ________ and rational process.
Human
Mechanical
Automated
Algorithmic
Fill in the blank: Any decision requires careful study and consideration before finalizing any decision. This is called ________ activity.
Time-consuming
Spontaneous
Careless
Random
Fill in the blank: Decision taken needs to be communicated to all concerned parties for suitable follow-up actions. This is called ________ communication.
Effective
Verbal
Written
Non-verbal
Fill in the blank: Managers who are working at all levels have to take decisions in their jurisdiction. This is called ________ process.
Pervasive
Selective
Exclusive
Optional
Which qualitative decision-making technique involves generating a large number of ideas in a short period of time?
Brainstorming
Delphi Technique
Consensus Mapping Technique
What is the primary purpose of the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) in decision-making?
To reach a consensus through discussion
To prioritize ideas individually before group discussion
To gather expert opinions anonymously
How does Big Data enhance decision-making processes in organizations?
By providing historical data only
By enabling real-time analysis and insights
By limiting the scope of data considered
Which of the following is a key advantage of using the Delphi technique in decision-making?
Encourages spontaneous ideas
Reduces groupthink
Limits the number of participants
Requires face-to-face interaction
In the context of qualitative decision-making techniques, what is the primary purpose of the Nominal Group Technique (NGT)?
To reach a consensus without discussion
To analyze data quantitatively
To prioritize ideas through voting
To generate a large number of ideas quickly
How does Big Data enhance decision-making processes in modern organizations?
By enabling real-time data analysis
By limiting data sources
By providing historical data only
By simplifying complex data sets
Which decision-making technique involves generating a large number of ideas in a short period of time without criticism?
A) Nominal Group Technique
B) Brainstorming
C) Delphi Technique
What is the main advantage of using the Delphi technique in decision-making?
A) It allows for face-to-face interaction among participants.
B) It gathers expert opinions anonymously over multiple rounds.
C) It focuses on immediate consensus among group members.
In the context of decision-making, what does the Consensus Mapping Technique primarily aim to achieve?
C) To eliminate dissenting opinions
A) To identify individual preferences
B) To visualize and organize group consensus on complex issues
What is the primary purpose of the Delphi Technique in decision-making?
To achieve immediate consensus among all members
To facilitate open discussion among participants
To gather expert opinions through multiple rounds of questioning
To create a visual representation of ideas
In Consensus Mapping, what is the main goal of the technique?
To reach a unanimous decision among all participants
To gather diverse opinions without the need for agreement
To eliminate conflicting ideas from the discussion
To prioritize individual opinions over group consensus
Which of the following best describes the structure of a Fishbowl discussion?
A linear arrangement with participants seated in rows
A circular arrangement with an inner and outer circle
A random seating arrangement with no specific structure
A hierarchical structure with leaders and followers
How does Big Data enhance decision-making processes in organizations?
By providing real-time insights
By increasing operational costs
By complicating data analysis
Which of the following is a key benefit of using AI in decision-making?
Dependence on manual processes
Increased time for decision-making
Reduction of human error
What role does predictive analytics play in Big Data decision-making?
It eliminates the need for data
It helps in forecasting future trends
It focuses solely on historical data
