WorksheetsChapter 10 - AAP Open Book Exam
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
Regulates heat and pH
Controls fluid volumes and cellular sensitivity to stimulus
Transports nutrients, waste, and hormones
Supports immune response and tissue healing
The cardiovascular system contributes to tissue healing in two ways: transportation of repair materials and removal of cellular debris, plus:
the clotting process.
initiating phagocytic action.
applying chemical markers to the cells where repair is needed.
signaling the surrounding tissue to prepare for action.
What effects of manual therapy on the cardiovascular system are most supported by research?
Increased circulation
Improved nutrient–waste exchange
Reduced ischemia
Flushing out toxic waste
What portion of plasma consists of dissolved or suspended particles and elements like hormones, electrolytes, and plasma proteins?
10%
25%
50%
90%
Which formed element is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Erythrocyte
Thrombocyte
What is the name of the protein that gives red blood cells their capacity to carry blood gases?
Erythropoietin
Hemoglobin
Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Which formed element is actually a cell fragment with mitochondria and a number of active enzymes?
Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Lymphocyte
Thrombocyte
Which category of formed element is the most abundant type of cell in blood?
Leukocyte
Erythrocyte
Platelet
Thrombocyte
What is the name for the small blood vessels that carry blood out of a capillary bed?
Arteries
Arterioles
Veins
Venules
Which of these organs or tissues will be most densely packed with capillaries?
Brain
Ligament
Tendon
Cartilage
What structural feature allows capillaries to carry out their distinctive function?
The thick muscular layer
A vessel wall made up of a single layer of epithelial cells
A series of intracapillary valves
Precapillary sphincters
What is the name of the first major artery that branches off the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic
Right subclavian
Right common carotid
Pulmonary
What is the function of the hepatic vein?
Carries blood from other abdominal organs into the liver for cleansing
Returns blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava
Connects the blood flow between liver and intestines for digestion
Returns blood from the spleen to the inferior vena cava
What is the name of the most medial superficial vein in the cubital region?
Cubital
Cephalic
Basilic
Olecranal
Where is the saphenous vein located?
Middle of the cubital fossa
The abdominopelvic cavity
Along the lateral aspect of the upper extremity
Along the medial aspect of the lower extremity
What is the function of the serous pericardium?
Firmly anchors the heart to the primary vessels and thoracic cavity
Produces pericardial fluid that decreases friction between the layers during pumping
Serves as the medium for nutrient and waste exchange in the heart
Lines and protects the inside of all four chambers of the heart
What is the name of the thin epithelial tissue layer of the heart wall that is the inner surface of each chamber?
Epicardium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the inferior vena cava?
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
Which valve is the left atrioventricular valve?
Mitral
Pulmonary
Tricuspid
Aortic
What portion of the cardiac conduction system serves as the pacemaker?
Left bundle branch
Sinoatrial node
AV node
Purkinje fibers
What is the other anatomic term for the atrioventricular bundle?
Pacemaker
Bundle of His
Purkinje bundle
AV bundle branches
What portion of the cardiac conduction system passes the impulse across the myocardium of both ventricles?
Atrioventricular node
Bundle branches
AV bundle
Purkinje fibers
During the ventricular systole phase of cardiac conduction, which valve is open?
Mitral
Pulmonary
Bicuspid
Tricuspid
What is the name of the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
Respiratory aorta
Thoracic artery
What are the two divisions of cardiovascular circulation?
Arterial and venous
Delivery and return
Cardiac and full body
Pulmonary and systemic
Systemic circulation begins when blood leaves the ________ of the heart and enters the ________.
right ventricle; pulmonary artery
right atrium; systemic artery
left ventricle; aorta
left atrium; subclavian artery
What division of circulation is defined as the blood flow circuit between the heart and lungs?
Respiratory loop
Cardiorespiratory
Pulmonary
Systemic
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary division of circulation?
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
The primary influences over venous flow are the one-way valves and ________.
Skeletal muscle contraction
Ventricular systole
Pulse
Myocardial recoil
The physiologic concepts of hydrodynamics that drive all circulation are (1) fluid flows from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure and (2):
Fluid flow is always down the concentration gradient.
Changes in the concentration gradient create the most dramatic shifts in fluid flow.
Pressure must be exerted to move fluid against a concentration gradient.
Flow is decreased when any resistance is applied.
What are the driving forces for arterial blood flow?
Blood pressure and skeletal muscle contraction
Gravity and force of the cardiac contraction
Forces of ventricular contraction and arterial recoil
Blood pressure and no valves in the arteries
What is the name of the capillary pathway that allows blood to pass straight through when metabolic need is low?
Thoroughfare channel
Central corridor
Internal thoroughfare
Capillary channel
The respiratory pump created by breathing has its strongest influence on what portion of blood flow?
Arterial flow through the aorta
Venous flow out of the capillary beds
Venous flow through the ventral cavities
Arterial flow through the ventral cavities
Which of these changes would cause blood pressure to increase?
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Hemorrhage
Use of a diuretic medication
Which of these changes would cause blood pressure to decrease?
Getting very angry
Lying down for an hour
Hardening of the arteries
Standing
The lower number in a blood pressure reading is referred to as the ________ pressure.
Diastolic
Systolic
Hypostolic
Relaxation
What is the “normal” blood pressure reading for an average-sized adult?
95 over 120
100 over 60
120 over 80
140 over 90
The baroreceptors that sense blood pressure are located in what major blood vessel?
Carotid artery
Abdominal aorta
Jugular vein
Pulmonary artery
In healthy tissue, capillary reabsorption occurs due to what Starling force?
High plasma oncotic pressure
High interstitial oncotic pressure
Low capillary fluid pressure
High capillary fluid pressure
Which Starling force is the dominant force behind capillary filtration?
Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP)
Capillary fluid pressure (CFP)
Plasma oncotic pressure (POP)
Interstitial oncotic pressure (IOP)
The actual process of tissue repair begins in what stage of healing?
Acute
Subacute
Inflammatory
Maturation
The key physiologic processes of inflammation include clot formation, vasodilation, phagocytosis, and:
decreased tissue permeability.
formation of fragile granulation tissue.
increased capillary permeability.
increased plasma oncotic pressure.
Which external signs are the best indicators that tissue repair has passed into the subacute phase?
No heat or redness is observed or palpated.
Pain and swelling have decreased slightly.
Swelling and discoloration are no longer observable.
Full, pain-free ROM has returned.
What is the other term for the subacute phase of tissue healing?
Splinting and repair phase
Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Remodeling phase
What stage of tissue healing is marked by an increase in the number of fibrocytes and decrease in the number of leukocytes?
Acute
Subacute
Maturation
Secondary edema formation
What local tissue changes occur when histamine is released by mast cells, basophils, and platelets in the area of tissue trauma?
Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
Vasoconstriction and decreased capillary permeability
Proliferation of phagocytes and capillary reabsorption
Papillary spasm and formation of platelet plug
The homeostatic range for blood pH is normally 6.0 to 6.45.
True
False
Immunoglobulins (antibodies) are the most abundant plasma proteins.
True
False
Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is classified as an artery.
True
False
The vein most often affected by the condition of varicose veins is the saphenous.
True
False
