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WorksheetsLecture 3
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
ATP stores energy in:
Glycosidic bonds
High-energy phosphate bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Peptide bonds
Hydrolysis of ATP releases energy because:
It increases entropy and releases Pi
It consumes oxygen directly
It oxidizes glucose
It reduces NAD⁺
NADH stores energy in the form of:
High-energy phosphate bonds
High-energy electrons
Oxygen molecules
CO₂
Stepwise oxidation of glucose is advantageous compared to direct burning because:
More CO₂ is released
It captures energy efficiently in small steps
It requires no enzymes
It wastes less heat
In cells, most ATP is produced by:
Glycolysis only
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC + ATP synthase)
Fermentation
Glycolysis occurs in the:
Cytosol
Mitochondrial matrix
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Nucleus
End products of glycolysis are:
Acetyl-CoA + CO₂
Pyruvate + ATP + NADH
Lactate + CO₂
GTP + citrate
Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in:
Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain
ATP synthase
Photosystem II
Under anaerobic conditions, cells regenerate NAD⁺ by:
Electron transport chain
Fermentation
ATP synthase reversal
Fatty acid oxidation
In human muscle, anaerobic glycolysis produces:
Ethanol
Lactate
Acetyl-CoA
Glycerol
Acetyl-CoA enters the TCA cycle by combining with:
Citrate
Oxaloacetate
Malate
Succinate
Each turn of the TCA cycle produces:
1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 2 CO₂
2 ATP, 2 NADH, 1 CO₂
3 ATP, 2 FADH₂, 1 CO₂
Only NADH
The TCA cycle occurs in the:
Cytosol
Mitochondrial matrix
Intermembrane space
Inner membrane
Most of the energy from glucose after TCA is stored in:
ATP
NADH and FADH₂
CO₂
Acetyl-CoA
The oxygen consumed in cellular respiration is used to:
Oxidize glucose directly
Accept electrons at the end of the ETC
Generate CO₂
Hydrolyze ATP
The ETC is located in the:
Outer mitochondrial membrane
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Cytosol
Matrix
The ETC pumps protons into the:
Mitochondrial matrix
Intermembrane space
Cytosol
Nucleus
The driving force for ATP synthesis is the:
Na⁺ gradient
Proton electrochemical gradient
K⁺ gradient
Membrane potential only
ATP synthase produces ATP by:
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Using proton flow to drive conformational changes
Direct electron transfer
Hydrolyzing glucose
Each NADH donates electrons sufficient to produce about:
1 ATP
2 ATP
2.5–3 ATP
5 ATP
Mitochondria are dynamic and can:
Change shape and number
Divide and fuse
Relocate in cells
All of the above
The mitochondrial outer membrane contains:
Porins (non-selective channels)
ATP synthase
Citric acid cycle enzymes
Cytochrome oxidase
Which membrane is highly selective and hosts the ETC?
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Both equally
None
Proton pumping occurs at:
Complex I, III, IV
Complex II only
ATP synthase
Porins
Final electron acceptor in mitochondrial ETC is:
NAD⁺
O₂
H₂O
Cytochrome c
Chloroplasts generate ATP by:
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis using light-driven ETC
NADH oxidation
Glycolysis
Oxygen in photosynthesis is generated by:
Water-splitting complex at Photosystem II
Calvin cycle
NADPH oxidation
ATP synthase
Sugars produced in chloroplasts can be:
Stored as starch
Used for ATP production
Converted to other biomolecules
All of the above
Chemiosmotic coupling is considered:
Unique to animals
Ancient and conserved
Exclusive to mitochondria
A new evolutionary trait
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from:
Archaea
Endosymbiotic bacteria
Viruses
Cyanobacteriophages
Which carrier transfers electrons within the lipid bilayer?
NADH
Quinones
Cytochrome c
ATP
The iron in heme serves as:
Proton carrier
Electron acceptor/donor
ATP synthase rotor
Structural protein
Cytochrome c oxidase reduces O₂ to:
O₂⁻ radical
H₂O
CO₂
NADH
Why is proton (H⁺) chosen for chemiosmosis instead of Na⁺/K⁺?
Small size and abundance in water
Higher redox potential
Easier to pump
All of the above
Approximate ATP yield per glucose in eukaryotes is:
10
30–32
50
100
If NADH transferred electrons directly to O₂:
Energy would be lost as heat
Proton pumping efficiency would increase
More ATP would be made
Nothing would change
Which storage form provides long-term energy reserve IN ANIMAL ?
Glycogen
Fat
Starch
ATP
Which storage form provides long-term energy reserve IN PLANT?
Glycogen
Fat
Starch
ATP
Which storage form provides rapid mobilization during fasting?
Fat
Glycogen
Protein
Nucleic acids
Why can animals convert sugar to fat but not fat to sugar?
Acetyl-CoA cannot be converted back to pyruvate
No gluconeogenesis from fatty acids
Lack of necessary enzymes
All of the above
Which disease type is most associated with mitochondrial dysfunction?
Cancer
Neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases
Infectious diseases
Allergies
