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1.

Which condition makes production truly commodity-based in a market setting?

a)

Independent producers exchange privately made goods

b)

Central planning allocates outputs to households

c)

Producers create for direct self-consumption only

d)

State quotas fix output without market trade

2.

Use value of a commodity refers to which characteristic?

a)

Labor time embodied in production

b)

Monetary worth measured in price

c)

Practical utility that satisfies a need

d)

Social relation expressed in money

3.

Exchange value best describes which idea?

a)

Personal satisfaction from using items

b)

Nominal price set by the state

c)

Physical properties enabling consumption

d)

Comparative ratio to other commodities

4.

Abstract labor in value theory means what?

a)

Skilled labor priced above unskilled

b)

Human labor stripped of concrete forms

c)

Machine effort replacing human labor

d)

Specific carpentry work in a workshop

5.

Socially necessary labor time is defined as

a)

Minimum time in the most advanced plant

b)

Personal time one worker actually spent

c)

Maximum hours in the slowest factory

d)

Average time under normal conditions

6.

According to the law of value, competitive exchange tends to

a)

Keep prices constant across all markets

b)

Equalize prices around labor-time values

c)

Fix prices exactly at production costs

d)

Push all profits to zero immediately

7.

Which statement about price and value is most accurate?

a)

Price is set only by government policy

b)

Value is determined solely by demand

c)

Price always equals embodied labor time

d)

Price fluctuates around underlying value

8.

A commodity must have both use value and exchange value because

a)

It needs branding and advertising support

b)

It requires high quality and low cost

c)

It must be durable and easily stored

d)

It must be useful and tradable socially

9.

In a market, why can identical goods sell at different prices temporarily?

a)

Value changes every minute randomly

b)

Sellers miscalculate their costs permanently

c)

Legal bans force constant price changes

d)

Supply and demand cause short-run deviations

10.

Which example best illustrates socially necessary labor time?

a)

Time with outdated tools in a shed

b)

Time of a master with custom equipment

c)

Time a beginner takes while training

d)

Time using average tools and skill

11.

If productivity rises in an industry, what happens to value per unit?

a)

Remains fixed regardless of technology

b)

Becomes unpredictable without markets

c)

Increases due to more output volume

d)

Decreases because less time per unit

12.

Which scenario shows a good with use value but no exchange value?

a)

Software licensed to enterprises

b)

Bottled water sold in a store

c)

Bread traded at the market

d)

Air breathed freely in nature

13.

When two commodities exchange at equal values, this implies

a)

Equal physical weight and volume

b)

Equal socially necessary labor times

c)

Equal retail prices in all regions

d)

Equal subjective satisfaction levels

14.

Money emerges historically to

a)

Express value as a universal equivalent

b)

Eliminate barter and all production

c)

Measure only physical utility of goods

d)

Replace labor with automated machines

15.

Which factor does NOT directly determine a commodity’s value?

a)

Advertising expenditure for the product

b)

Socially necessary labor time embodied

c)

Average productivity and technique used

d)

Normal intensity under typical conditions

16.

International economic integration is best described as what?

a)

Compliance with common international standards

b)

A willingness to share benefits with other countries

c)

All of the above

d)

A process linking a national economy with the world economy

e)

None of the above

17.

Which set of factors most influences economic interest relations?

a)

Globalization alone without domestic policy

b)

Only state distribution policy and global demand

c)

Development of productive forces; subject’s position; state distribution policy; international integration

d)

A subject’s place in social production and state distribution policy

e)

Development level of productive forces and a subject’s position

18.

Does international economic integration have positive or negative effects on Vietnam’s economy today?

a)

Effects depend solely on government recognition and management

b)

Mostly negative effects

c)

Both positive and negative effects

d)

Mostly positive effects

e)

No significant effects at present

19.

When labor productivity and labor intensity both double simultaneously, which outcome is correct?

a)

Total output doubles; unit value halves

b)

Total output rises fourfold; total value of goods rises fourfold

c)

Total output doubles; total value of goods doubles

d)

Total value doubles; unit value halves

e)

Total output unchanged; unit value unchanged

20.

When labor intensity decreases, what happens to the value of one unit of commodity?

a)

Unit value decreases

b)

Total value of all output remains unchanged

c)

Unit value increases

d)

Unit value rises then falls

e)

Unit value remains unchanged

21.

A firm’s initial capital advanced is $480,000 with an organic composition of 5/1 and a surplus value rate of 100%. If commodities sell at value, what are the profit rate and profit?

a)

20%; $90,000

b)

10%; $50,000

c)

18%; $100,000

d)

16.6%; $80,000

e)

12%; $48,000

22.

A firm advances $900,000 in capital, of which constant capital is$ 740,000. The surplus value rate is 200%, and output quantity is 100,000 units. Find the value of one unit, total profit, and the profit rate (assuming sale at value).

a)

$11;$ 300,000; 35%

b)

$12;$ 310,000; 30%

c)

$9;$ 280,000; 25%

d)

$10;$ 300,000; 20%

e)

$12.2;$ 320,000; 35.5%

23.

During production, depreciation of machinery is $100,000 and raw materials cost$ 600,000. Determine variable capital if the total product value is $2,000,000 and the surplus value rate is 100%.

a)

$550,000

b)

$700,000

c)

$650,000

d)

$600,000

e)

$500,000

24.

In one month, 10 workers produce 1,250 units with constant capital cost $25,000. The monthly value of labor power per worker is$ 250, and the surplus value rate is 200%. Determine the value of one unit and its composition.

a)

$25; 20c +3v +5m

b)

$26; 20c +2v +4m

c)

$26; 20c +2v +2m

d)

$24; 30c +4v +4m

e)

$28; 22c +2v +4m

25.

A firm advances $90,000 in capital, with$ 78,000 in constant capital and employs 200 workers. Determine the new value created per worker, given the surplus value rate is 200%.

a)

$160

b)

$200

c)

$170

d)

$180

e)

$190

26.

To produce commodities, a capitalist advances $7,000,000, with an organic composition of 9/1 and a surplus value rate of 200%. Calculate the accumulation rate if each year the capitalist spends$ 350,000 on personal consumption.

a)

50%

b)

60%

c)

75%

d)

70%

e)

45%

27.

Total capital advanced is $600,000, including$ 200,000 in buildings. Raw materials cost triple the value of labor power. Identify fixed capital, circulating capital, constant capital, and variable capital.

a)

$200,000;$ 400,000; $500,000;$ 100,000

b)

$100,000;$ 400,000; $500,000;$ 100,000

c)

$200,000;$ 500,000; $500,000;$ 100,000

d)

$200,000;$ 400,000; $600,000;$ 200,000

e)

$150,000;$ 450,000; $500,000;$ 150,000

28.

Initially, a firm employs workers for 8 hours per day with a surplus value rate of 300%. The capitalist extends the workday to 10 hours without raising wages. Compute the new surplus value rate.

a)

400%

b)

300%

c)

350%

d)

500%

e)

250%

29.

Which statement best defines concrete labor?

a)

Specific, qualitative work creating use-values

b)

Automated machine operations without labor

c)

Labor regarded solely as a commodity

d)

Abstract, social labor measured in time

e)

Managerial oversight of production processes

30.

Which condition allows labor power to be treated as a commodity?

a)

Firms pay piece rates for output produced

b)

Labor is performed under collective agreements

c)

Labor time is measured in hours by managers

d)

Workers sign long-term employment contracts

e)

Workers are legally free and own no means of production

31.

Surplus value arises primarily from which source?

a)

Exploitation of labor power beyond its value

b)

Rising market prices of finished goods

c)

Discounts on raw material purchases

d)

Technological innovation alone

e)

Interest earned on idle capital

32.

Distinguish constant from variable capital.

a)

Constant transfers existing value; variable creates new value

b)

Constant refers to money; variable refers to labor time

c)

Constant is always machinery; variable is always materials

d)

Both create new value through productivity

e)

Constant is fixed only; variable is circulating only

33.

Câu 111. Một doanh nghiệp sản xuất ra khối lượng giá trị thặng dư là 500.000 $, tiền công mỗi công nhân là 100$ , số công nhân làm thuê là 5000 người. Cấu tạo hữu cơ c/v = 4/1. Hãy tính: Tỷ suất giá trị thặng dư, tỷ suất lợi nhuận và khối lượng lợi nhuận của doanh nghiệp (nếu hàng hóa bán đúng giá trị).

a)

200%; 20%; 500.000$

b)

100%; 10%; 400.000$

c)

200%; 20%; 400.000$

d)

100%; 20%; 500.000$

34.

Câu 112. Khi tổ chức sản xuất, nhà tư bản đầu tư 5 triệu $trong điều kiện cấu tạo hữu cơ tư bản c/v là 9/1. Hãy tính tỷ suất tích lũy, nếu biết rằng mỗi năm 250.000$ giá trị thặng dư biến thành tư bản phụ thêm và tỷ suất giá trị thặng dư là 200%.

a)

30%

b)

25%

c)

20%

d)

50%

35.

Câu 113. Tư bản ứng trước là 2.000.000 $với cấu tạo hữu cơ c/v = 4/1. Sau đó tư bản tăng lên 3.600.000$ , cấu tạo hữu cơ tăng lên là 9/1. Nếu tỷ suất giá trị thặng dư tăng từ 100% lên 150%, thì tỷ suất lợi nhuận thay đổi như thế nào?

a)

Tỷ suất lợi nhuận giảm từ 20% còn 15%

b)

Tỷ suất lợi nhuận giảm từ 20% còn 12%

c)

Tỷ suất lợi nhuận giảm từ 20% còn 10%

d)

Tỷ suất lợi nhuận giảm từ 15% còn 10%

36.

Câu 114. Một doanh nghiệp tư bản có lượng tư bản khả biến là 500.000$; tỷ suất giá trị thặng dư là 200%; cấu tạo hữu cơ 4/1. Tính khối lượng tư bản bất biến và tỷ suất lợi nhuận của doanh nghiệp

a)

3.000.000$; 40%

b)

1.000.000$; 40%

c)

2.000.000$; 40%

d)

2.000.000$; 30%

37.

Câu 115. Một doanh nghiệp có tổng tư bản đầu tư ban đầu là 1.000.000 $; cấu tạo hữu cơ c/v = 4/1; khối lượng giá trị thặng dư là 400.000$ . Tính tỷ suất giá trị thặng dư, tỷ suất lợi nhuận và lợi nhuận của doanh nghiệp (hàng hoá bán đúng giá trị)?

a)

200%, 40%; 400.000$

b)

200%, 30%; 400.000$

c)

200%, 40%; 500.000$

d)

100%, 40%; 400.000$

38.

Câu 116. Một doanh nghiệp có lượng tư bản đầu tư ban đầu để sản xuất kinh doanh là 15.000$; cấu tạo hữu cơ 4/1; tỷ suất GTTD 100%; thời gian thực hiện 1 vòng chu chuyển tư bản là 120 ngày. Tính khối lượng giá trị thặng dư của doanh nghiệp trong 1 năm?

a)

9.000$

b)

8.000$

c)

7.000$

d)

10.000$

39.

Câu 117. Một doanh nghiệp, năm thứ nhất có lượng tư bản đầu tư ban đầu để sản xuất kinh doanh là 100 triệu $, c/v = 4/1, m’ = 100%. Năm thứ 2, nhờ tích lũy đã làm cho lượng tư bản đầu tư sản xuất kinh doanh lên đến 300 triệu$ và cấu tạo hữu cơ tăng lên 9/1, m’ = 150% Hãy tính: - Tỷ suất lợi nhuận năm thứ nhất của doanh nghiệp? - Tỷ suất lợi nhuận năm thứ hai của doanh nghiệp?

a)

20%; 20%

b)

10%; 15%

c)

30%; 15%

d)

20%; 15%

40.

Câu 118. Tính lợi nhuận của doanh nghiệp khi biết: - Tư bản khả biến là 5000$ và cấu tạo hữu cơ là 4/1 - Tỷ suất lợi nhuận là 40%

a)

15.000$

b)

10.000$

c)

40.000$

d)

20.000$

41.

Câu 119. Một doanh nghiệp có số tư bản ứng trước là 200.000 $ với cấu tạo hữu cơ c:v = 4:1. Tỷ suất giá trị thặng dư là 100%. Tính sự thay đổi của tỷ suất lợi nhuận, nếu tỷ suất giá trị thặng dư trong thời kỳ này tăng từ 100% lên 150%.

a)

Tăng từ 20% lên 40%

b)

Tăng từ 20% lên 30%

c)

Tăng từ 20% lên 35%

d)

Tăng từ 10% lên 30%

42.

Câu 120. Một doanh nghiệp sử dụng 200 công nhân, tiền lương của 1 công nhân là 150 $/ tháng. Mỗi năm nhà tư bản thu được 360.000$ giá trị thặng dư. Hãy tính tỷ suất giá trị thặng dư (m’) của doanh nghiệp?

a)

100%

b)

200%

c)

150%

d)

300%

43.

Câu 121. Công thức tính tỷ suất lợi nhuận?

a)

p’ = (m/c).100%

b)

p’ = m/(c+v)

c)

p’ = [m/(c+v)].100%

d)

p’ = (m/v).100%

44.

Câu 122. Công thức giá cả sản xuất?

a)

(c + v) + p̅

b)

(c + v) + m

c)

(c + v) + p

d)

(c + v) − p̅

45.

Câu 123. Giả định tại công ty A, ngày làm việc 8h, m’= 300%. Chủ doanh nghiệp kéo dài thời gian lao động lên 10h/ngày. Trình độ khai thác sức lao động thay đổi thế nào nếu giá trị sức lao động không đổi?

a)

m’ giảm còn 250%

b)

m’ tăng lên 400%

c)

m’ tăng lên 350%

d)

m’ không thay đổi

46.

In competitive markets, what primarily pushes average profit rates toward equalization across industries?

a)

Capital mobility seeking higher returns

b)

Price controls set by the state

c)

Worker unions bargaining wages

d)

Technological stagnation across sectors

47.

Which statement best defines surplus value in capitalist production?

a)

Value created beyond wages paid to labor

b)

Revenue minus total production costs

c)

Profit after taxes and depreciation

d)

Interest earned on loaned capital

48.

When firms intensify competition, what short-run effect is most likely on market prices?

a)

Prices fall toward production costs

b)

Prices rise above value of output

c)

Prices remain fixed by agreements

d)

Prices fluctuate around monopoly levels

49.

If variable capital is $3000 and the rate of surplus value m′ is 200%, what is the mass of surplus value m?

a)

$1500 in surplus value

b)

$3000 in surplus value

c)

$6000 in surplus value

d)

$9000 in surplus value

50.

A firm invests $4000 total to produce 1000 units, with$ 3000 as variable capital and m′=200%. What is the value per unit?

a)

$4 per unit of output

b)

$5 per unit of output

c)

$6 per unit of output

d)

$6.5 per unit of output

51.

Which formula correctly expresses the rate of surplus value m′?

a)

m′ = m − v × 100%

b)

m′ = m/v × 100%

c)

m′ = m × v

d)

m′ = v/m × 100%

52.

At equal technical conditions, which component directly determines wages in capitalism?

a)

Nominal money supply

b)

Value of labor power

c)

Rate of profit

d)

Turnover time

53.

If the organic composition c:v is 4:1 and m′=200%, consuming 50% of surplus value, how does the capitalist’s next-period investment change assuming composition unchanged?

a)

Decreases by consumed surplus value

b)

Unchanged regardless of consumption

c)

Depends only on fixed capital wear

d)

Increases by consumed surplus value

54.

Which expression best captures the rate of profit on total capital?

a)

p′ = c/(v+m) × 100%

b)

p′ = m/v × 100%

c)

p′ = m/(c+v) × 100%

d)

p′ = v/(c+m) × 100%

55.

What happens to the average rate of profit when capital accumulates and the organic composition rises, c relative to v?

a)

Tends to fall with rising composition

b)

Tends to rise with higher fixed share

c)

Becomes volatile without pattern

d)

Remains constant by price competition

56.

Which criterion distinguishes fixed capital from circulating capital most directly?

a)

Transfers value gradually vs fully per cycle

b)

Financing with debt vs equity

c)

Ownership private vs public status

d)

Physical size large vs small items

57.

An enterprise hires 100 workers at $150 per worker per month with m′=200%. What is the annual mass of surplus value?

a)

$400,000 total surplus

b)

$360,000 total surplus

c)

$300,000 total surplus

d)

$350,000 total surplus

58.

Which formula gives the value of a commodity using Marxian terms?

a)

G = c + v

b)

G = c + v + m′

c)

G = c + v + T

d)

G = c + v + m

59.

Which relation defines money needed for circulation when price level is P, transaction volume Q, and velocity v, net of credit offsets G1,G2?

a)

M = (P×Q − (G1+G2))/v

b)

M = (P×Q)/v

c)

M = (G1+G2+G3)/v

d)

M = P − (G1+G2)/v

60.

Capital turnover time shortens. Which immediate effect does this have on the annual rate of surplus value?

a)

Lowers annual rate via idle capital

b)

Raises annual rate via faster rotation

c)

Only affects fixed capital depreciation

d)

Leaves annual rate unchanged

61.

In price competition, why do firms invest in productivity-enhancing technology?

a)

To reduce wages below subsistence

b)

To lower unit values and undercut prices

c)

To maintain higher monopoly markups

d)

To increase advertising without cost change

62.

Capital concentration differs from centralization primarily because concentration refers to what process?

a)

Allocating state subsidies across sectors

b)

Shifting capital from industry to finance

c)

Merging many firms into fewer entities

d)

Growth of individual capitals by reinvestment

63.

Which factor most directly drives equalization of market prices toward values across competing firms?

a)

Cost-reducing competition among producers

b)

Consumer brand loyalty and preferences

c)

Government-imposed minimum prices

d)

Random demand shocks without pattern

ktct

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 32mins

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