Select whether the statement is True or False: Economic Feasibility assessment measures whether the anticipated benefits of the system outweigh the costs.

Select whether the statement is True or False: In a DFD, the process of Balancing refers to ensuring all data flows are atomic and single elements.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Waterfall Model requires the complete finalization of one phase before the next phase can begin.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Data Flow Diagram (DFD) aims to model the movement of data between processes, external entities, and data stores.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Use Case Diagrams are primarily used to model dynamic interactions and message passing between objects over time.

Select whether the statement is True or False: A Process in a DFD transforms incoming data flows into outgoing data flows.

Select whether the statement is True or False: A Functional Requirement describes what the system must do to satisfy user needs.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Economic Feasibility considers whether the system aligns with the organizational culture and strategy.

Select whether the statement is True or False: In the Entity Relationship Model (ERM), a diamond shape typically represents a Relationship between entities.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Normalization is the process of structuring a database to reduce data redundancy.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Prototyping aims to completely replace the detailed analysis phase, eliminating the need for formal documentation.

Select whether the statement is True or False: High Cohesion in system design means that a module performs one, clearly focused, or closely related set of tasks.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Critical Path is the longest sequence of dependent tasks, determining the shortest possible time to complete the project.

Select whether the statement is True or False: In the Waterfall Model, changes to requirements are easily accommodated late in the development cycle.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Unit Testing focuses on verifying the functionality of individual program units in isolation.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Systems Maintenance phase usually consumes the largest amount of time and resources over the system's total lifespan.

Select whether the statement is True or False: A Data Store in a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) represents a source or destination of data outside the system boundary.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Three-Tier Architecture separates the presentation, application logic, and data layers.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Polymorphism allows objects from different classes to respond to the same message in ways specific to their own class.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Corrective Maintenance involves adding new features and enhancements to the system.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Parallel Changeover is the strategy where both the old and new systems are run simultaneously for a period to minimize risk.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Context Diagram (Level 0 DFD) shows the entire system as a single process interacting with external entities.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Low Cohesion is a desirable property in system design because it ensures high interdependence between modules.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Reviewing and collecting existing documentation and forms is a valid fact-finding technique in the analysis phase.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Adaptive Maintenance involves changing the system to accommodate changes in its environment, such as a new operating system.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The main role of a Systems Analyst is to write the final program code for the system.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Primary Key uniquely identifies every record in a database table.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Joint Application Development (JAD) involves structured, intensive sessions with users and analysts to gather requirements.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Outsourcing eliminates all risks associated with system development for the organization.

Select whether the statement is True or False: A key advantage of the Agile methodology is the ability to adapt to changing requirements quickly.

Select whether the statement is True or False: A Foreign Key is an attribute that links two tables together by referencing the Primary Key of another table.

Select whether the statement is True or False: UML Sequence Diagrams are used to model the static structure and relationships between classes.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Structured English, Decision Tables, and Decision Trees are tools used for process specification.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Data Dictionary stores metadata, which is "data about data," such as field names and data types.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Second Normal Form (2NF) is achieved when a table has no transitive dependencies.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Encapsulation in object-oriented design bundles data and methods together within a single object, hiding internal details.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The System Design Document (SDD) translates the Requirements Specification into a detailed blueprint for the physical system.

Select whether the statement is True or False: The Phased Changeover strategy involves running both the old and new systems in parallel across all organizational units.

Select whether the statement is True or False: Acceptance Testing is performed by end-users to ensure the system meets their requirements.

Scope Creep refers to the uncontrolled growth in product or project scope after the project has started.

The As-Is Model describes the proposed system after its implementation.

UML Class Diagrams are used in object-oriented design to model the static structure of classes and their relationships.

A Non-Functional Requirement defines the quality characteristics of the system, such as security and performance.

The Feasibility Study is typically conducted during the Systems Implementation phase.

In the Scrum framework, the Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and managing the Product Backlog.

The Observation fact-finding technique provides objective, first-hand data on how the system actually operates.

System Testing involves testing the complete, integrated system to verify it meets all functional and non-functional requirements.

The primary risk of the Direct Changeover strategy is the potential for massive disruption if the new system fails.

First Normal Form (1NF) requires that all attributes contain only single, atomic values, with no repeating groups.

Choose the correct answer: What is the primary role of an Information System (IS)?

Choose the correct answer: Which phase is the first in the traditional System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

Choose the correct answer: The three fundamental components representing data flow in any system are:

Choose the correct answer: What is the main responsibility of a Systems Analyst?

Choose the correct answer: What is the purpose of 'Feedback' in an Information System?

Choose the correct answer: Which SDLC model is often referred to as the 'waterfall model'?

Choose the correct answer: Which component of an IS includes the individuals involved in developing and using the system, such as system analysts and end-users?

Choose the correct answer: Which stakeholder is the person who actually uses the system for daily business operations?

Choose the correct answer: Which approach aims to accelerate the SDLC by involving users in iterative design and rapid prototyping?

Choose the correct answer: The phase where detailed system requirements are determined and the Requirements Specification is produced is known as:

Choose the correct answer: What is the document that includes both functional and non-functional requirements, serving as a formal agreement?

Choose the correct answer: Which fact-finding technique involves a structured, intensive session with a group of users and analysts to gather requirements?

Choose the correct answer: What is the common duration for a single iterative cycle (sprint) in Agile methodologies?

Choose the correct answer: Which tool is used to model the flow of data and the processes (business rules) within a system?

Choose the correct answer: What is the goal of Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)?

Choose the correct answer: Which fact-finding technique involves studying existing documents and collecting samples to understand the current system?

Choose the correct answer: Which process specification tool uses a tree-like diagram to illustrate complex decision logic?

Choose the correct answer: A Logical Model of a system describes what the system should produce, not how it is produced.

Choose the correct answer: Which of the following activities is NOT typically performed during the Systems Analysis phase?

Choose the correct answer: What is the tool that stores all information about the data in the system, such as table names and data elements?

Choose the correct answer: Which phase involves specifying data structures, validation rules, and the exact formats of inputs and outputs?

Choose the correct answer: Which Changeover strategy requires the new and old systems to run simultaneously for a period to minimize risk?

Choose the correct answer: In which phase are minor problems and bugs addressed, and ongoing user support provided?

Choose the correct answer: A common criticism of Agile methodologies relates to the system's documentation, which is often:

Choose the correct answer: Which of the following is an advantage of Structured Analysis?

Which specification tool uses a restricted form of natural language (like pseudo-code) to describe process logic?

Which diagram is used to show the hierarchical breakdown of the system into its functions and sub-functions?

What name is given to old systems that often have poor documentation and weakly structured code?

Which process specification tool uses a tabular format of conditions and actions to specify complex process logic?

Which methodology uses the Unified Modelling Language (UML) as its primary modelling tool?

Which UML diagram is used to model the system's functional requirements from the user's perspective (Actor)?

In data design, what model is produced to identify the database tables and their data elements?

Which system design concern focuses on the usability and aesthetic appeal of the system for the end-user?

Which type of testing involves checking that all program modules and units work together correctly as a whole system?

Outsourcing typically involves contracting an external organization (Service Provider) to provide or operate the system.

A key advantage of In-house development (developing the system internally) is greater control over:

Which document is reviewed and approved by all stakeholders before the Implementation phase begins?

In OOA/OOD, a Class is defined as:

Which UML diagram is used to model the workflow or procedural logic of a process?

In the Waterfall Model, when is the project planning and requirement specification primarily completed?

A primary advantage of Object-Oriented software (O-O software) is:

The four main components of any system are: Inputs, Processes, Outputs, and what else?

A Functional Requirement describes:

In the context of the Feasibility Study, which type of feasibility assesses if the necessary technology and technical expertise exist?

Which component in a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is typically represented by a square or rectangle?

Which type of Maintenance involves adding new features and enhancements to the system after deployment?

Which method is commonly used in Agile to visually manage the flow of work, typically using a board with columns like 'To Do,' 'In Progress,' and 'Done'?

Which of the following is a primary goal of Systems Design?

In the process of Normalisation, a table is in First Normal Form (1NF) if:

Which project management tool uses bars to visually represent the duration and sequence of tasks over time?

In a DFD, the process of breaking down a high-level process into more detailed subprocesses is called:

What is the key deliverable (output document) of the Systems Analysis phase?

Which changeover strategy introduces the new system in small, manageable modules or functional areas over time?

What is the primary method used in Object-Oriented Design (OOD) to model the structure of classes and their relationships?

A disadvantage of the Direct Changeover strategy is:

In Scrum (an Agile framework), the person responsible for defining 'What' (the product features) and prioritizing the Product Backlog is the:

Which type of Maintenance is performed to modify the system to operate in a different environment (e.g., changing from one operating system to another)?

Which of the following describes a Data Store in a DFD?

What is the final stage in the SDLC before the system goes into the Maintenance phase?

In the Entity Relationship Model (ERM), a diamond shape is typically used to represent an(n):

What is the term for a specific, identifiable piece of data, such as a customer name or price?

In the Logical Model of a DFD, the focus is on:

What is the first step in the Systems Analysis phase?

Which software acquisition method typically provides the fastest implementation time?

In the context of the Feasibility Study, which type of feasibility considers whether the system aligns with the organization's business strategy and culture?

Which of the following describes System Testing?

What is the purpose of Balancing in DFDs?

Which UML diagram is essential for modelling the static structure and relationship (like generalization/inheritance) between classes?

What is the risk associated with the Parallel Changeover strategy?

Which of the following is considered an External Entity (Source/Sink) in a DFD?

The term for converting the database's logical design (ERM) into the actual tables, fields, and indexes in a specific DBMS (e.g., SQL Server) is:

Which design concept ensures that a system component can be used in different parts of the system or in future systems?

Which type of design focuses on where and how data and processes are physically located and distributed across the network?

Which architecture style divides the system into three main layers: Presentation, Application Logic, and Data?

When designing data entry screens, using Input Validation Rules primarily serves to improve the systems:

Which UML diagram models the behaviour of a single object by showing the sequence of states it passes through in response to events?

The process of estimating hardware and software costs, staffing costs, and operational costs is part of which feasibility component?

Which document specifies the physical details of all input data, processes, outputs, and controls for the proposed system?

Which is a core concept in Object-Oriented Design (OOD) that deals with making an object's data internal and accessible only through its defined methods?

Which type of design approach is known for its heavy reliance on the initial detailed requirements, with changes being costly later?

Which Non-Functional Requirement category includes system response time and transaction throughput?

Which term describes the degree to which a system's interface allows users to perform tasks quickly and effectively?

The act of correcting errors and flaws that are discovered after the system has been deployed is called:

Which phase of the SDLC typically consumes the largest amount of time and resources over the system's total lifespan?

Which testing strategy focuses on checking that the software adheres to legal and regulatory standards (e.g., data privacy laws)?

Which type of maintenance is proactive and involves changing the system to improve future reliability or performance (e.g., restructuring code)?

What is the common term for the document that details the steps, expected results, and criteria for the users to officially confirm the system meets their needs?

A System Conversion strategy where the new system is installed only in one or a few small sites or departments first is called:

What does acronym RAD stand for in software development?

Which team role in the Scrum framework is responsible for protecting the team from outside interference and removing impediments?

What is the main advantage of Custom Development (In-House) compared to COTS software?

In the Feasibility Study, assessing whether the project schedule can realistically be met is part of:

The term for a detailed, high-level description of a system's current business processes, used as a basis for improvement, is:

What is the term for a specific, quantifiable condition that must be satisfied to demonstrate that a requirement has been met?

Which component of a DFD represents a source or destination of data outside the system boundary?

Which design step involves the creation of a 'test environment' that mimics the live production environment?

The technique used to estimate the time required for an activity based on optimism, pessimism, and most likely estimates are known as: