WorksheetsGlomerular Diseases: Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes
Total questions: 58
Worksheet time: 29mins
Which of the following is a feature of nephritic syndrome?
Hyperlipidemia
Heavy proteinuria
Lipiduria
hematuria
Which of the following is a feature of nephrotic syndrome?
Mild proteinuria
Microscopic hematuria
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Which of the following is a pathogenesis of glomerular diseases?
Proliferation of the mesangial cells
Hypertension related
Inflammatory reaction
Immune mediated
Which of the following is a feature of minimal change disease of the glomeruli?
Light microscopy shows crescent formation in glomeruli.
A non-selective proteinuria is usual.
loss of the foot processes of the podocytes is seen on electron microscope.
The incidence is greatest between the ages of 20 and 40 years.
Which of the following feature is seen by light microscope in case of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Thick basement Membrane
Double countor basement membrane
Crescent formation
loss of podocytes
which of the following is the classic presentation in case of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Hypercoagulability
Severe proteinuria
Lipiduria
Oliguria and hematuria
Which of the following is the most common cause of nephritic syndrome in children?
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Which of the following is a microscopic feature of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis seen by electronic microscope?
Increase mesangial deposits and loss of processes of podocyte
Double countor basement membrane
Thick basement Membrane
Crescent formation and depositon of fibrin
Which of the following is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
Which of the following is the prognosis of membranous glomerulonephritis
Good
Bad
none of the above
moderate
Which of the following is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adult?
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Which of the following is a feature of membranous glomerulonephritis?
Many glomeruli are hyalinized by electronic microscope
There is basement membrane thicke with hair comb spikes by light microscope
The kidneys are decreased in size grossly.
There is often no chang.
Which of the following is the prognosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Bad
none of the above
moderate
Good
Which of the following is a feature of Goodpasture's syndrome?
ant glomerular basement membrane disease.
Inflammatory reaction.
Hypertension related.
Proliferation of the mesangial cells.
Which feature best distinguishes nephritic syndrome from nephrotic syndrome in initial presentation?
Marked hypertension with azotemia predominating early
Massive proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia predominant
Generalized anasarca without hematuria predominant
Isolated hyperlipidemia without edema predominant
In rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis, which light microscopic finding is most characteristic?
Uniform capillary wall thickening with spikes
Global glomerulosclerosis without crescents
Crescents of proliferating parietal cells and fibrin
Nodular mesangial sclerosis with hyalinosis
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis typically shows which combination of ultrastructural changes?
Mesangial interposition with tram-track splitting
Podocyte foot process effacement only
Subepithelial hump-shaped deposits only
No immune deposits with thinning of GBM
Which of the following is a feature of chronic glomerulonephritis?
The kidneys are often enlarged.
The calyces and renal pelvis are usually normal.
There is often no history of preceding renal disease.
large number of the glomeruli show fibrosis
Which of the following disease is characterised by end arteritis obliterans?
Acute glomerunephritis
Acute tubular injury
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Which of the following disease is characterised by hypertrophy of glomeruli (compensatory dilatation) of renal tubules?
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Which of the following disease is characterized by low urine fixed specific gravity
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Pyonephrosis
minimal change glomerulonephritis
Which of the following diseases is characterized by multiple small foci of necrosis of renal tissue?
Chronic pyelonephritis
Hydronephrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute tubular injury
Which of the following symptoms present in Acute tubular injury
Urgency
amenorrhea
Anuria
Diarrhea
Which of the following disease is a Bacterial inflammation of the interstitial tissues of the renal pelvis, medulla and cortex?
Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Hydronephrosis
Acute tubular necrosis
Which of the following disease is characterized by end arteritis obliterans?
Chronic pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute tubular injury
Acute glomerunephritis
Which of the following is the main cell infiltrating the interstitial tissue in acute pyelonephritis?
polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Fibroblasts
RBCs
lymphocytes
Which of the following is an important microscopic feature of chronic pyelonephritis?
Cortex is not differentiated from medulla
contracted kidney
Adherent renal capsule
Lymphoid follicle formation in interstitium
Which of the following disease is characterized by thyroidization of renal tubules?
Pyonephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Why females are more susceptible to acute cystitis?
Because of Short wide urethra
Because of High oestrogen level
Because of The immune system is weaker in females
Because of Low testosterone level
Which of the following disease is characterized by dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces, accompanied by atrophy of the parenchyma.
Hydronephrosis
Pyonephrosis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Which of the following stages is last stage of pathological changes in case of Hydronephrosis?
Dilatation of pelvis and calyces with no atrophy of renal tissue
Marked Dilatation of pelvis and calyces with atrophy of renal tissue
Hyperplasia of pelvis and calyces with no atrophy of renal tissue
None of the above
Which of the following feature is characteristic for chronic non-specific cystitis?
Presence of pus cells
None of the above
The muscle layer shows hypertrophy and thickening
Presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes
A 62-year-old male with a long history of smoking and hypertension presents with gross hematuria and paraneoplastic polycythemia. Imaging reveals a large, solitary, golden-yellow mass at the upper pole of the right kidney with a tumor thrombus extending into the renal vein. The most likely diagnosis is:
Urinary bladder carcinoma
Nephroblastoma
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Transitional cell papilloma
Which of the following renal tumor defined as Adenocarcinoma from tubular epithelium
Wilms' Tumor
Clear Cell RCC
Squamous papilloma
Villous papilloma
A 4-year-old child presents with a large, palpable left abdominal mass. Histopathological examination of the nephrectomy specimen reveals a triphasic pattern comprising primitive blastemal cells, abortive glomeruloid structures, and islands of striated muscle. Which of the following is the right diagnosis?
Wilms' Tumor
Papillary Adenoma
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Angiomyolipoma
The microscopic finding of cells with abundant clear or vacuolated cytoplasm, arranged in acini separated by a delicate, vascular stroma, is most characteristic of:
Clear Cell RCC
Wilms' Tumor
Papillary RCC
Chromophobe RCC
A key gross feature that differentiates renal cell carcinoma from Wilms tumor is its tendency to be:
Contain detached muscle layer
Multifocal several nodules
Deeply infiltrative into the pelvis early
No hemorrhage and necrosis
Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)?
Chronic cystitis glandularis
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Asbestos and cadmium exposure
Schistosoma haematobium infection
In the classification of bladder tumors, an "Inverted Papilloma" falls under which category?
Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor
Benign Mesenchymal Tumor
Benign Epithelial Tumor
Secondary Metastatic Tumor
A 55-year-old male industrial worker with a history of aniline dye exposure presents with hematuria. Cystoscopy reveals a frond-like, exophytic growth. Biopsy shows fibrovascular cores lined by thickened urothelium with mild nuclear atypia. This lesion is best described as:
Inverted Papilloma
Villous (Exophytic) Papilloma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Flat Carcinoma In Situ (CIS)
In Egypt, a major etiological factor leading to a high incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is:
Industrial aniline dye exposure
Tobacco smoking
Long-term indwelling catheter use
Infection with Schistosoma haematobium
Which of the following is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma
Perinuclear halo in chromophobe
Chromophobe type
Papillary type
Clear cell type
The stages of bladder carcinoma is based on:
The presence of thyrodization
The layer of invasion into the bladder wall
The number of mitotic figures per high-power field only
The presence or absence of keratin pearls
A bladder tumor stage classified as Stage III signifies invasion into which structure?
Lamina propria only
Muscularis propria
Perivesical fat
Regional lymph nodes
The pathological hallmark for diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder microscopically is identification of what?
Intracellular mucin
Psammoma bodies
Schistosome ova in all cases
Intercellular bridges and keratin pearls
Which of the following is a benign mesenchymal tumor of the bladder?
Carcinosarcoma
Rhabdomyoma
Lymphoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
In Wilms tumor, which component is described as sheets of primitive small, round to oval cells with scanty cytoplasm?
Mesenchymal component
Blastemal component
Epithelial component
Stromal component
Which feature is characteristic of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma microscopically?
Spindle-shaped sarcomatoid cells
Cells with clear lipid–glycogen-rich cytoplasm
A distinct papillary architecture
Cells with a perinuclear halo and eosinophilic granularity
Comparing spread patterns of renal cell carcinoma and Wilms tumor, which statement is true?
RCC invades the renal vein early, Wilms spreads rapidly via blood to lungs
Both infiltrate the renal pelvis early
Capsule invasion is late in both tumors
RCC metastasizes only hematogenously
Wilms has greater lymphatic spread than RCC
According to the notes, a sarcomatoid appearance in a renal tumor represents what?
A pattern indicating high-grade transformation, potentially in RCC
A specific subtype of Wilms tumor
A low-grade papillary variant
A benign mesenchymal hamartoma
From the answer key, which renal cell carcinoma subtype is most common?
Papillary type
Chromophobe type
Collecting duct type
Clear cell type
From the answer key, which exposure is listed as a risk factor associated with urinary tract tumors?
Radiation and lead exposure
Asbestos and cadmium exposure
Arsenic and mercury exposure
Benzene and silica exposure
Which microscopic picture corresponds to the blastemal component of Wilms tumor?
Fibroblastic stroma with collagen
Sheets of primitive small round blue cells
Tubules and glomeruloid structures
Skeletal muscle differentiation
A 6-year-old boy develops periorbital edema and cola-colored urine two weeks after a sore throat. Renal biopsy would most likely show which light microscopic pattern?
Diffuse endocapillary hypercellularity with neutrophils
Diffuse basement membrane thickening without hypercellularity
Segmental sclerosis of some glomeruli only
Normal-appearing glomeruli on light microscopy
A 35-year-old man presents with edema, hematuria, and hypertension after a recent pharyngitis. Biopsy reveals hypercellular glomeruli with narrowed Bowman’s space. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
A 25-year-old man has hemoptysis and rapidly worsening renal function. Biopsy shows crescents in over 50% of glomeruli. Which substance drives crescent formation by leaking into Bowman’s space?
Collagen
Fibrin
Urea
Albumin
A 4-year-old girl with generalized edema has heavy selective proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. Light microscopy shows normal-appearing glomeruli. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Crescentic glomerulonephritis
Focal proliferative glomerulonephritis
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
A 45-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus develops worsening proteinuria. Biopsy shows diffuse glomerular basement membrane thickening and a ‘spike’ pattern on silver stain. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Focal proliferative glomerulonephritis
Crescentic glomerulonephritis
Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
