Clinical nutrition is highly individualized

Which of the following are components of the nutrition care process?

Providing general nutrition education is within the scope of practice of a variety of healthcare practitioners.

Which of the following are examples of micronutrients?

A kilocalorie is equal to 1000 calories

The micronutrients contain kcalories.

The acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR) provide general guidance about appropriate macronutrient intake amounts, while the dietary reference intakes provide general guidance about appropriate micronutrient intake amounts.

True or false: the energy density of carbohydrates is 4 kcalories per gram.

True or false: fruit is a good source of carbohydrate

Glucose is a polysaccharide.

Natural sweeteners such as honey are low in dietary fructose.

Refined grains contain fewer micronutrients than whole grains.

Based on where we find dietary fiber, why might the average consumption of dietary fiber be much lower than the recommended intake amount?

Starch and glycogen are both polysaccharides

The pancreas releases a digestive enzyme which participates in carbohydrate metabolism

Where in the gastrointestinal tract does the most carbohydrate digestion occur?

Humans have the digestive enzymes to digest dietary fiber.

The goal of carbohydrate consumption is to eventually break them down to utilize as an energy source.

Insulin is a hormone involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

What is the name of a diagnostic test that measures the amount of glucose in one’s plasma while in a fasted state?

Individuals with diabetes should completely avoid eating carbohydrates.

Which food below is not a protein-containing food?

Which of these are examples of a role that protein plays in the body

Protein can be utilized as an energy source in the body.

Protein differs from the other macronutrients because it is _______

Which of the following amino acids can the human body make?

what are complementary proteins?

When three amino acids are linked together via peptide bonds, this is considered a.... 

The process of protein denaturation changes a protein chemically and functionally 

Protein denaturation is a key step in protein digestion.

How many kcalories are in one gram of fat?

The term "hydrophilic" is used to describe a substance that does NOT mix well with or dissolve in water.

The body stores excess kcalories in the form of... 

Phospholipids and triglycerides contain the same number of fatty acids.

The hydrophilic phosphate groups that easily associate with water are found on the outside of the phospholipid bilayer, while the hydrophobic fatty acids are on the inside of the phospholipid bilayer. 

Cholesterol is found in both plant and animal-derived foods.

Emulsification is the essential process that allows fat-a hydrophobic macronutrient- to be immersed in the aqueous environment of the gastrointestinal tract. 

Triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and sterols.

When is cholecystokinin (CCK) released?

Bile is…

When phospholipids are digested, they have to be broken down into 2 fatty acids, a glycerol molecule and a phosphate fragment before they can be absorbed across the intestinal membrane.

How many carbons are in a short-chain fatty acid?

When a fatty acid contains zero double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms along the carbon chain, this is referred to as a _____________ fatty acid.

When determining the Omega number for a fatty acid, the the number of carbons are counted until the double bond is reached, starting from the carboxylic acid end.

Hydrogenation results in the production of trans fatty acids 

High blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, osteoarthritis, mental health problems and stroke are just some of the health risks associated with overweight and obesity.

The only contributors to obesity are lifestyle choices.

Which of the following fat types are storage forms of fat?

Which fat distribution type(s) are associated with the highest risk of cardiovascular disease?

Densitometry, imaging and field tests are all tools that can be used to determine body composition.

Multidisciplinary interventions are both the most effective and most sustainable interventions to promote weight loss. 

The goal of weight loss in the setting of obesity is promoting the loss of high amounts of lean body mass and low amounts of fat tissue. 

Which 2 hormones does the pancreas secrete?

Which hormone is more active in the fed state?

CCK release promotes the release of bile from the gallbladder.

Ghrelin is more active in the fed state than in the fasting state.