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Worksheetsreview for test 2
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 32mins
Which hormone decreases water loss in urine by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Cortisol
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily functions to:
Lower blood calcium levels by promoting calcium storage in bone
Increase blood calcium by stimulating bone breakdown and intestinal absorption
Regulate blood sugar levels
Increase water retention in the kidneys
Cortisol, a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex, has which effect?
Decreases blood glucose levels
Increases blood glucose and suppresses the immune response
Stimulates calcium release from bone
Promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
Epinephrine and norepinephrine, secreted by the adrenal medulla, cause all of the following EXCEPT:
Increased heart rate
Increased blood glucose
Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles
Decreased blood pressure
Which of the following is NOT a function of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?
Stimulate protein and lipid metabolism
Regulate carbohydrate metabolism
Inhibit coenzyme synthesis from vitamins
Increase heat production
A patient has low sodium, high potassium, and low blood pressure. Which adrenal hormone deficiency is most likely?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
Calcitonin
Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?
Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
Exocrine cells
ADH is released by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for
milk production
water retention
bone and muscle growth
blood pressure regulation
This hormone regulates water concentration.
Insulin
Glucagon
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone
ADH is created in the:
Hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Brain
Kidney
A nurse is reviewing lab values for a patient. Which result indicates normal TSH?
0.3–5 mcU/mL
5–23 mcg/dL
70–190 ng/dL
4.5–12 mcg/dL
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test is contraindicated in which population?
Elderly patients
Patients with diabetes
Pregnant or lactating women
Patients on steroids
A fluid deprivation test is ordered. Which disorder is the provider evaluating?
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
SIADH
Addison’s disease
A patient with diabetes mellitus has an HbA1c level of 8%. How should the nurse interpret this?
Normal control of glucose
Good diabetic control
Poor diabetic control
Prediabetes only
Which finding confirms acromegaly?
Elevated cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test
GH suppression after oral glucose tolerance test
GH not suppressed after oral glucose tolerance test
Low IGF-1 levels
A patient with central diabetes insipidus would most likely present with:
Weight gain, hyponatremia, decreased urine output
Excessive urination, thirst, dehydration
Bradycardia, hypoglycemia, cold intolerance
Hypertension, fluid retention, confusion
Which of the following describes SIADH?
Excess ADH → water retention, hyponatremia, low serum osmolality
Low ADH → dehydration, hypernatremia, polyuria
Low cortisol → hypotension, hyperkalemia
High cortisol → hyperglycemia, muscle wasting
Which drug is approved for hyponatremia due to SIADH?
Vasopressin
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Fludrocortisone
A patient with hyperthyroidism is most at risk for which complication after thyroidectomy?
Hypoglycemia
Thyroid storm
Diabetes insipidus
SIADH
Which symptom is MOST consistent with hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease)?
Cold intolerance and weight gain
Heat intolerance, restlessness, and tachycardia
Constipation and bradycardia
Puffy face and dry skin
A patient with hypothyroidism following thyroidectomy is prescribed calcium gluconate IV. What is the rationale?
To raise serum calcium levels due to hypoparathyroidism
To treat hyperkalemia
To prevent thyroid storm
To increase cortisol secretion
Hyperparathyroidism is most likely to cause which electrolyte imbalance?
Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia
A rare tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive catecholamines is called:
Addison’s disease
Pheochromocytoma
Cushing’s syndrome
Acromegaly
A patient with Addison’s disease is MOST likely to have which finding?
Hypertension, fluid retention, hypernatremia
Hypotension, weight loss, hyperkalemia
Moon face, buffalo hump, truncal obesity
Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting
Which drug is used to replace the mineralocorticoid aldosterone in Addison’s disease?
Hydrocortisone
Prednisone
Fludrocortisone
Desmopressin
Which disorder is caused by prolonged steroid therapy or adrenal tumor?
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Diabetes insipidus
Acromegaly
Which clinical manifestation is most typical of Cushing’s syndrome?
Moon face, truncal obesity, thin extremities
Weight loss, bronze skin, hypotension
Hypoglycemia, decreased appetite, dehydration
Bradycardia, hypocalcemia, tremors
Which symptom is expected in a patient with Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Rapid weight loss and polyuria
Obesity and blurred vision
Tingling feet and slow wound healing
Hypertension and truncal obesity
Which symptom is more common in Type 2 diabetes than Type 1?
Ketoacidosis
Obesity and neuropathy
Rapid weight loss
Nausea and vomiting
The cornerstone of diabetic treatment is:
Daily insulin injections
Oral hypoglycemics
Strict dietary management
Frequent exercise
A nurse is teaching a patient about insulin administration. Which statement shows proper understanding?
“I will inject insulin intramuscularly.”
“I should rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy.”
“I can mix all types of insulin in one syringe.”
“I should store insulin at room temperature only.”
A patient with diabetes develops confusion, diaphoresis, tremors, and tachycardia. The nurse suspects:
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
Which patient is most at risk for developing hypoparathyroidism?
A patient with a pituitary tumor
A patient after thyroidectomy
A patient on long-term steroid therapy
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes
Gigantism is:
Hyperpituitarism
Hypopituitarism
Hyperadrenalism
Cushing's disease arises at the level of the ___ whereas Cushing's syndrome arises at the level of the ___.
hypothalamus,
pituitary gland.
pituitary gland,
adrenal glands.
adrenal glands,
pituitary gland.
hypothalamus,
adrenal gland.
Endocrine diseases are usually a result of hormone
hypersecretion
hyposecretion
hyper- or hypo-secretion
none of these mechanisms
Which hormone decreases water lost in urine by increasing reabsorption in the kidneys?
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Which of the following is a primary action of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Increases calcium absorption in the digestive tract
Stimulates glycogen breakdown into glucose
Reduces protein metabolism
Increases sodium excretion
Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, is responsible for:
Decreasing blood glucose levels
Inhibiting inflammation and immune response
Increasing sodium and water retention
Stimulating calcium release from bone
The adrenal medulla secretes which hormones to help cope with stress?
Insulin and glucagon
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Cortisol and aldosterone
T3 and T4
Which is NOT an effect of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?
Stimulate heat production
Stimulate protein and lipid metabolism
Stimulate coenzyme synthesis from vitamins
Decrease carbohydrate metabolism
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Catecholamines
Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and small amounts of androgens
Insulin and glucagon
T3 and T4
The regulation of aldosterone and cortisol secretion is influenced by:
Sodium and potassium concentrations
Blood pressure and volume
ACTH and stress
All of the above
Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?
Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
Exocrine cells
Primary dysfunction of endocrine glands is most often caused by:
Trauma
Autoimmune disease
Hyperplasia, tumors, or inflammation
Medications
The normal value for serum total thyroxine (T4) is:
70–190 ng/dL
4.5–12 mcg/dL
0.3–5 mcU/mL
5–23 mcg/dL
A radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test is contraindicated in:
Patients with hyperthyroidism
Patients with iodine deficiency
Pregnant or lactating women
Patients with hypertension
The fluid deprivation test is used to diagnose:
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
SIADH
Hypoparathyroidism
Which finding indicates poor diabetic control?
HbA1c <6%
HbA1c = 6.5%
HbA1c = 7.5%
HbA1c = 5%
The best confirmatory test for acromegaly is:
MRI of pituitary
Oral glucose suppression test
Serum IGF-1
Cortisol suppression test
Which condition results from decreased ADH secretion?
SIADH
Cushing’s syndrome
Diabetes insipidus
Addison’s disease
A patient with SIADH will most likely have which finding?
Hypernatremia and polyuria
Hyponatremia and fluid retention
Hypoglycemia and weight loss
Hypercalcemia and constipation
Which drug is approved for treating hyponatremia in SIADH?
Fludrocortisone
Desmopressin
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Vasopressin
Which of the following hormones would be expected to increase if you were studying all day for a test and skipped breakfast and lunch?
glucagon
growth hormone
insulin
calcitonin
Which hormone controls the secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex?
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Which hormone controls the metabolic rate?
Adrenalin
Thyroxin
Insulin
Testosterone
Where is insulin produced
Liver
Heart
Pancreas
Pineal gland
