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Cell Biology Quiz

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The cell is best defined as the

a)

Largest structural unit of the body

b)

Smallest and basic unit of life

c)

Smallest non-living unit

d)

A group of tissues

2.

The fluid component of cytoplasm in which organelles are suspended is called

a)

Nucleoplasm

b)

Matrix

c)

Cytosol

d)

Stroma

3.

Which one of the following is present in all types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Chloroplast

4.

Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Mitochondrion

c)

Golgi apparatus

d)

Lysosome

5.

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Lysosome

d)

Peroxisome

6.

The outermost living boundary of an animal cell is

a)

Cell wall

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Glycocalyx

d)

Basement membrane

7.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" due to the presence of

a)

DNA

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Centrioles

8.

The Golgi apparatus mainly functions in

a)

ATP production

b)

Protein modification and packaging

c)

DNA replication

d)

Lipid degradation

9.

The nucleolus is primarily involved in

a)

DNA replication

b)

Ribosome production

c)

Lipid synthesis

d)

Cell division control

10.

Lysosomes are rich in

a)

Respiratory enzymes

b)

Hydrolytic enzymes

c)

Glycolytic enzymes

d)

Photosynthetic enzymes

11.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is mainly associated with

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

c)

ATP synthesis

d)

Chromosome segregation

12.

In plant cells, turgor pressure is maintained predominantly by

a)

Nucleus

b)

Golgi bodies

c)

Central vacuole

d)

Ribosomes

13.

In eukaryotic cells, genetic material is mainly stored in

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

Nucleus

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Cytosol

14.

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that help in removal of worn‑out organelles?

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Peroxisomes

d)

Centrosomes

15.

The site of aerobic respiration in cells is

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Nucleus

16.

The cell membrane is best described as

a)

Single layer of proteins

b)

Single layer of lipids

c)

Phospholipid bilayer with proteins

d)

Triple layer of carbohydrates

17.

The cell membrane is called selectively permeable because it

a)

Allows all substances to pass freely

b)

Does not allow any substance to pass

c)

Allows only water to pass

d)

Allows some substances and restricts others

18.

Integral membrane proteins are

a)

Loosely attached to membrane surface

b)

Embedded within the lipid bilayer

c)

Present only in the cytosol

d)

Present only in the nucleus

19.

Carbohydrate chains on the external surface of plasma membrane mainly form

a)

Desmosomes

b)

Glycocalyx

c)

Myelin

d)

Tonoplast

20.

Cholesterol in the plasma membrane primarily helps in

a)

DNA replication

b)

Stabilizing membrane fluidity

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

ATP production

21.

Movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration without energy expenditure is

a)

Active transport

b)

Simple diffusion

c)

Endocytosis

d)

Exocytosis

22.

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

a)

Filtration

b)

Osmosis

c)

Pinocytosis

d)

Phagocytosis

23.

Which transport process requires a specific membrane protein but no ATP?

a)

Simple diffusion

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Primary active transport

d)

Endocytosis

24.

When red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, they

a)

Shrink

b)

Remain unchanged

c)

Swell and may burst

d)

Crenate

25.

Filtration across capillary walls in the body is driven mainly by

a)

Enzymes

b)

Hydrostatic pressure

c)

ATP

d)

Electric potential

26.

Transport of a substance against its concentration gradient using ATP and a carrier protein is

a)

Simple diffusion

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Primary active transport

d)

Secondary active transport

27.

The Na⁺/K⁺‑ATPase pump in the plasma membrane

a)

Moves 3 Na⁺ in and 2 K⁺ out

b)

Moves 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in

c)

Moves Na⁺ and K⁺ both out

d)

Moves Na⁺ and K⁺ both in

28.

Secondary active transport uses

a)

Direct ATP hydrolysis at the transporter

b)

Energy stored in ionic gradients

c)

Only kinetic energy of molecules

d)

Only vesicle formation

29.

Symport in secondary active transport refers to

a)

Two substances moving in the same direction

b)

Two substances moving in opposite directions

c)

Three substances moving in same direction

d)

Only one substance moving

30.

Endocytosis in which the cell engulfs solid particles is called

a)

Pinocytosis

b)

Phagocytosis

c)

Exocytosis

d)

Diffusion

31.

Receptor‑mediated endocytosis is characterized by

a)

Non‑specific uptake of fluid

b)

Specific uptake via ligand‑receptor binding and coated pits

c)

Expulsion of contents outside the cell

d)

Passive entry of ions

32.

Exocytosis is used by cells mainly to

a)

Take up large particles

b)

Secrete hormones and neurotransmitters

c)

Perform simple diffusion

d)

Form desmosomes

33.

The phase of the cell cycle in which DNA replication occurs is

a)

G₁ phase

b)

S phase

c)

G₂ phase

d)

M phase

34.

The stage of mitosis in which chromosomes align at the equatorial plane is

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

35.

Separation of sister chromatids to opposite poles occurs during

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

36.

Cytokinesis refers to

a)

Division of nucleus only

b)

Division of cytoplasm

c)

Pairing of homologous chromosomes

d)

DNA synthesis

37.

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by re‑formation of nuclear envelope and decondensation of chromosomes?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

38.

The resting phase between two successive mitotic divisions is termed

a)

M phase

b)

Interphase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Prophase

39.

The main functional significance of mitosis is

a)

Production of gametes

b)

Maintenance of chromosome number in somatic cells

c)

Increasing genetic variation

d)

Reduction of chromosome number

40.

In human skin, continuous replacement of lost cells is achieved mainly by

a)

Apoptosis

b)

Mitosis of basal cells

c)

Hypertrophy of existing cells

d)

Cell fusion

41.

Which cell junction prevents leakage of substances between adjacent epithelial cells?

a)

Gap junction

b)

Tight junction

c)

Desmosome

d)

Hemidesmosome

42.

Which cell junction provides strong adhesion between cells, especially in tissues subjected to mechanical stress?

a)

Tight junction

b)

Desmosome

c)

Gap junction

d)

Adherens junction

43.

Which junction allows direct cytoplasmic communication via small channels between adjacent cells?

a)

Tight junctions

b)

Desmosomes

c)

Gap junctions

d)

Hemidesmosomes

44.

Hemidesmosomes primarily attach

a)

Cell to cell

b)

Cell to extracellular matrix/basement membrane

c)

Nucleus to cytoskeleton

d)

Cytoskeleton to mitochondria

45.

Gap junctions are important in

a)

Blocking ion flow

b)

Rapid electrical communication between cells

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

DNA repair

46.

In animal epithelial tissue, a belt‑like junction just below the apical surface that anchors actin filaments is

a)

Tight junction

b)

Desmosome

c)

Adherens junction

d)

Gap junction

47.

Tight junctions are typically located

a)

Near the basal surface of epithelial cells

b)

Near the apical region of epithelial cells

c)

Within the nucleus

d)

Within mitochondria

48.

A membrane protein that transports glucose down its concentration gradient without using ATP is an example of

a)

Channel in simple diffusion

b)

Carrier in facilitated diffusion

c)

Primary active transporter

d)

Symporter in secondary active transport

49.

In cardiac muscle, coordinated contraction of cells is largely due to

a)

Tight junctions preventing ion movement

b)

Gap junctions allowing ion passage

c)

Desmosomes inhibiting conduction

d)

Hemidesmosomes attaching to bone

50.

Which combination best matches the junction with its primary role?

a)

Tight junction - communication

b)

Gap junction - barrier formation

c)

Desmosome - mechanical strength

d)

Hemidesmosome - cell-cell adhesion

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