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PSY SEM 2 PK Exam

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is a psychological concept related to decision-making?

a)

Schema

b)

Prototype

c)

Heuristic

d)

Assimilation

2.

Which theory describes intelligence as a single general ability?

a)

General Intelligence (g)

b)

Multiple Intelligences

c)

Emotional Intelligence

d)

Savant Syndrome

3.

What is the term for the mental process of forming new ideas and concepts?

a)

Creativity

b)

Cognition

c)

Metacognition

d)

Insight

4.

Which effect describes the rise in IQ scores over time?

a)

Flynn Effect

b)

Savant Syndrome

c)

Construct Validity

d)

Encoding Failure

5.

What is the process of organizing information into manageable units?

a)

Encoding

b)

Chunking

c)

Priming

d)

Framing

6.

When someone mentions fast food, you immediately picture a burger from McDonald's. Here, McDonald's is your _______.

a)

Prototype

b)

Priming

c)

Heuristic

d)

Peg-word

7.

There is a man who is tall, athletic and has big hands. You see him among a group of friends and are told that one is a basketball player, another is a hockey player and the third is a soccer player. If you assume that he is the basketball player, you are influenced by

a)

The representative heuristic

b)

Retrograde amnesia

c)

Algorithmic decay

d)

The availability heuristic

8.
The process of getting information into memory is called_______
a)
priming
b)
chunking
c)
encoding
d)
storing
9.
The human capacity for storing long-term memories is
a)
roughly equal to seven units of information
b)
enhanced through hypnosis
c)
essentially unlimited
d)
typically much greater in young children than in adults
10.
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
a)
repressed memories.
b)
sensory memories
c)
mood-congruent memories
d)
flashbulb memories
11.
Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an effective strategy for
a)
chunking
b)
priming
c)
automatic processing
d)
rehearsal
12.

Memory of a specific event

a)

Semantic Memory

b)

Implicit Memory

c)

Episodic Memory

d)

Long Term Memory

13.

A multiple choice question is checking what part of memory?

a)

Recall

b)

Recognition

c)

Method of Loci

d)

Encoding

14.

The term for retaining information in your brain.

a)

Recall

b)

Retrieval

c)

Storage

d)

Encoding

15.

The term that shows how much we forget when we do not review information?

a)

Effortful encoding

b)

Automatic encoding

c)

Spacing

d)

Ebbinghaus curve

16.

The term for remembering the things at the beginning and end of a list.

a)

Tip of the Tongue

b)

Spacing effect

c)

Serial position effect

d)

Method of Loci

17.

The type of memory that is immediate and involves the 5 senses?

a)

Sensory memory

b)

Short term memory

c)

Long term memory

d)

Encoding

18.

Jose, the father of a newborn, gently strokes the bottom of his baby's foot. As he does this, the baby's toes move outward and then curl in. Which of the following newborn reflexes is Jose's baby demonstrating?

a)

Rooting

b)

Moro

c)

Babinski

d)

Stepping

e)

Grasping

19.

Amina, who is two-and-a-half years old, pointed to the ocean and called it a "pool" because she had never seen the ocean before. ? She is trying to use __________________ to understand the new information, but someone should help her create a new cognitive category for ocean.

a)

Accomdation

b)

Object permanence

c)

Conservation

d)

Assimilation

e)

Habituation

20.

Which of the following children would be considered to have a secure attachment, according to Mary Ainsworth?

a)

Mekhi, who cries when his mother leaves but does not seem to care when she returns

b)

Sam, who cries when his mother leaves and seeks physical contact from her when she returns before beginning to play independently

c)

Jorge, who is indifferent to his mother leaving and returning

d)

Itsuki, who happily plays with the stranger who is present when his mother leaves

e)

Szymon, who cries when his mother leaves and clings to her when she returns

21.

Which of the following is most consistent with Erickson's psychosocial stage of industry vs. inferiority?

a)

Paolo, who is trying to determine which interests and skills he is best at

b)

Logan, who is trying to find a partner he can potentially marry

c)

Tanya, who reflects on her life with satisfaction that she has left something for the next generation

d)

Esmeralda, who has learned to begin activities with her friends

e)

Monique, who still relies on her parents for feeding and clothing

22.

Which of the following did Harry Harlow contend was the most important factor in forming a strong bond between mother and infant?

a)

Assimilation

b)

Conservation

c)

Contact comfort

d)

Object permanence

e)

Egocentrism

23.

Levi is in his mid-forties. He has a job he does not enjoy, but he does not know how to make a change. He recently was divorced and has not found a new relationship. Which of Erickson's stages of psychosocial development is Levi likely experiencing?

a)

Identity vs role confusion

b)

Intimacy vs isolation

c)

Formal operational stage

d)

Generativity vs stagnation

e)

Integrity vs despair

24.

Rani is twenty-six. She has many friends from college. She has just started a job as an accountant, which she enjoys and for which she is well suited. She is living at home with her parents and pays them a small amount of rent. She has also recently taken on his own car and insurance payments. She has plans to look for an apartment in the next few years. Which of the following is Rani likely experiencing?

a)

Identity vs role confusion

b)

Emerging adulthood

c)

Gender identity

d)

Generativity vs stagnation

e)

Personal fable

25.

Charlotte is eighty-five. Each morning she successfully completes a crossword puzzle, and she enjoys reading and learning about presidential trivia and American history. She knows more about these topics than ever before. Which of the following is strong for Charlotte?

a)

Emotional intelligence

b)

Fluid intelligence

c)

Crystallized intelligence

d)

Accommodation

e)

Preoperational thinking

26.

Substances that get to the fetus through the placenta and prevents normal development

a)

Temperament

b)

Germs

c)

Bacteria

d)

Teratogens

27.

An unborn human baby more than eight weeks after conception.

a)

Maturation

b)

Fetus

c)

Zygote

d)

Embryo

28.

A person's characteristic nature or emotional excitability

a)

Schema

b)

Self-Esteem

c)

Temperment

d)

Behavior

29.

The Fertilized Egg.

a)

Ovulation

b)

Cell Mass

c)

Embryonic Stage

d)

Zygote

30.

The baby's tendency when their cheek is touched to open their mouth and look for a food source.

a)

Assimilation

b)

Moro Reflex

c)

Grasp Reflex

d)

Rooting Reflex

31.

All mental activities are associated with thinking and memory.

a)

Social Learning

b)

Trauma

c)

Schema

d)

Cognition

32.

Concepts or mental frameworks that organize categories and interpret information

a)

Thoughts

b)

Schemas

c)

Antecedents

d)

Placentas

33.

Interpreting new experiences by relating them to existing schemas

a)

Assimilation

b)

Accomodation

c)

Attrition

d)

Adaptation

34.

Adapting current schemas to bring in new information.

a)

Assimilation

b)

Abomination

c)

Acculturation

d)

Accomodation

35.

This takes place from birth to roughly age 2. In this stage, babies ―take in‖ the world through their senses and interactions.

a)

Sensorimotor stage

b)

Pre-operational stage

c)

Concrete operational stage

d)

Formal operational stage

36.

These parents believe children should make and learn from their own mistakes; they provide few rules.

a)

Permissive

b)

Authoritative

c)

Uninvolved

d)

Authoritarian

37.

Refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others around them.

a)

Physical Development

b)

Social Development

c)

Cognitive Development

d)

Spiritual Development

38.

Stage of cognitive development when children begin to show signs of adult thinking

a)

Concrete operational stage

b)

Formal operational stage

c)

Preoperational stage

d)

Sensory-motor stage

39.

Who developed the theory of 8 stages of Psychosocial development?

a)

Lawrence Kohlberg

b)

Erik Erikson

c)

Jean Piaget

d)

Harry Harlow

40.

Who developed the 4 stage theory of cognitive development?

a)

Lev Vygotsky

b)

Arnold Palmer

c)

Erik Erikson

d)

Jean Piaget

41.

Which theorist was famous for their work with moral development?

a)

Jerry Garcia

b)

Erik Erikson

c)

Lawrence Kohlberg

d)

Steven Colbert

42.

What is the process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period?

a)

assimilation

b)

contact comfort

c)

imprinting

d)

separation anxiety

43.

Piaget’s term for the knowledge that an object exists even when it is out of sight is _______.

a)

accommodation

b)

object permanence

c)

centration

d)

conservation

44.

What term is used to describe a child’s inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes except his or her own?

a)

egocentrism

b)

narcissism

c)

disparity

d)

assimilation

45.

This man developed the first experiments around attachment. He used baby monkeys and their response to a wire mother and a cloth mother.

a)

Piaget

b)

Kohlberg

c)

Harlow

d)

Ainsworth

46.

According to Jean Piaget, what type of learning do individuals acquire during the formal operational stage?

a)

Abstract thought

b)

Symbolism

c)

Memorization skills

d)

Visual learning

47.

I developed an experimental procedure in order to observe the variety of attachment forms exhibited between mothers and infants. Called the “Strange Situation” method, it is based on a series of brief separations and reunions with the mother in a playroom situation. Who am I?

a)

Harry Harlow

b)

James Marcia

c)

Mary Ainsworth

d)

Carol Gilligan

48.

If individuals successfully solve their problems during each stage of life, they will develop good social traits. If they do not, their problem solving skills will be hindered, causing new problems at the next stage. Which psychologist(s) would agree with this statement

a)

Freud

b)

Piaget

c)

Erikson

d)

Freud and Piaget

e)

Freud and Erikson

49.

Authoritative parents can best be defined as:

a)

Parents who befriend their children and do not use discipline

b)

Parents who are less controlling and behave with a more accepting attitude

c)

Parents who try to control the behavior of their children in accordance with a set standard of conduct

d)

Supportive parents who discuss their rules and policies with their children

50.

Conservation

a)

Objects exist even when they cannot be seen

b)

Kohlberg's first stage of moral development

c)

Children's pretend play

d)

Number, mass, and volume stay the same despite changes in shape

51.

Psychological disorders are diagnosed using criteria from

a)

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

b)

International Psychological Manual

c)

Diagnostic and Psychosis Guide for Mental Illness

d)

the Merriem Webster Dictionary

52.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

a)

Characterized by obsessions and compulsions that interfere with daily life and functioning.

b)

Panic attacks and anxiety frequently occur.

c)

A strong, constant fear caused by a particular object or act.

d)

Identified by cyclical patterns of mania and depression. Excessive amounts of dopamine are often present.

53.

Dalton developed a phobia of dogs after watching his older cousin act fearfully when he interacted with dogs in their neighborhood. Which of the following best explains why Dalton developed his phobia of dogs?

a)

Classical conditioning, because dogs are associated with classical conditioning studies.

b)

Operant conditioning, because Dalton is being reinforced for his behavior.

c)

Social learning theory, because Dalton learned from observing his cousin's behavior toward dogs.

d)

Genetics, because Dalton and his cousin share some of the same genes.

54.

 involves fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation.

a)

social anxiety

b)

specific phobia

c)

agoraphobia

55.

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by...

a)

Freud

b)

Rogers

c)

Perls

d)

Skinner

56.

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of the most personal problems & unhappiness?

a)

reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns

b)

unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people

c)

a neurochemical imbalance

d)

mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self

57.

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation & exposure to the feared object?

a)

extinction

b)

punishment

c)

token economy

d)

systematic desensitization

58.

What is a goal of cognitive therapy?

a)

to help clients gain insight into their unconscious

b)

to help people change their ways of thinking

c)

to change a person's behavior through shaping & reinforcement

d)

to provide unconditional positive regard for the client

59.

Antipsychotic drugs treat symptoms such as

a)

hopelessness, sadness, and suicide ideations

b)

excessive worry, repetitive thoughts

c)

hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior

d)

manipulation, lying, and cheating

60.

The condition in which a person shows little or no emotion is referred to as _?

a)

flat affect

b)

hallucinations

c)

delusions

d)

disorganization

61.

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from _.

a)

distorted thought patterns

b)

repressed memories

c)

behavioral issues

d)

physiological causes

e)

incongruence

62.

In _, a person has a excessively ridgid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

a)

somatoform disorder

b)

dissociative disorder

c)

mood disorder

d)

personality disorder

63.

An irrational, persistent fear of something is called a ______.

a)

mania

b)

obession

c)

phobia

d)

compulsion

64.

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between periods of ________.

a)

anxiety and mania

b)

severe depression and manic episodes

c)

mania and schizophrenia

d)

depression and schizophrenia

65.

A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental acts meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called____________ disorder.

a)

OCD

b)

delusional

c)

PTSD

d)

passive-aggressive

66.

Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed mood disorder in the United States?

a)

agoraphobia

b)

major depressive disorder

c)

dysthymia

d)

bipolar

67.

The popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior) is known as _______________ .

a)

interpersonal therapy

b)

cognitive-behavioral therapy

c)

psychotherapy

d)

conversion therapy

68.

Steve shows symptoms of both ADHD and anxiety simultaneously. His conditions are....

a)

genetically triggered

b)

medically synchronous

c)

somatic

d)

comorbid

69.

A therapist decides to treat their patients arachnophobia by getting them to look at pictures of spiders until their anxiety is reduced. What type of therapy is this?

a)

Systematic desensitisation

b)

Counterconditioning

c)

CBT

d)

Exposure therapy

70.

For the past 8 months, Susan has had persistent and excessive bouts of anxiety. She is really anxious a lot of the time, but the reason for her anxiety is not something specific. What disorder is Susan showing symptoms of?

a)

Social Phobia

b)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

c)

A Specific Phobia

d)

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

71.

What is a psychological disorder?

a)

a harmful dysfunction in which behaviors are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing and atypical

b)

chemical imbalances in the brain that cause people to act in harmful ways

c)

malformations of important brain segments

d)

a dysfunction that is not harmful but may consist of behaviors that are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing and atypical

72.
Which of the following is identified with client-centered therapy?
a)
providing advice, setting goals, and giving interpretations
b)
dream analysis, transference, and analysis of resistance
c)
unconditional positive regard, empathy, authenticity, and reflection
d)
goal-setting, desensitization, modeling, and recentering
73.

Ana has been in psychotherapy for five years. At the start of each session she describes any dreams that she has had since her last session. Her therapist analyzes the symbolism in these dreams, and helps Ana understand the unconscious conflicts that underlie the dreams. In this case, Ana is most likely seeing a therapist who is trained in

a)

the client-centered approach.

b)

rational-emotive therapy.

c)

biofeedback therapy.

d)

psychoanalysis.

74.

An extreme fear of being in an open, public place is called what?

a)

Acrophobia

b)

Claustrophobia

c)

Monophobia

d)

Agoraphobia

75.

Which disorder is characterized by an inability to establish meaningful relationships, assuming social responsibilities and treating people as objects?

a)

Major Depressive Disorder

b)

SAD

c)

Antisocial Personality Disorder

d)

Avoidant Personality Disorder

76.

Which disorder is characterized by an individual having an unrealistic, inflated sense of their own importance?

a)

Antisocial Personality Disorder

b)

Avoidant Personality Disorder

c)

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

d)

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

77.

A maladaptive behavior is one that:

a)

is destructive to yourself or others and inhibits a person to adjust to particular situations

b)

occurs without a rational basis

c)

is troublesome to other people

d)

is so different it violates a norm

78.

The applied field of psychology that seeks to assess, understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice is called ____________.

a)

Therapeutic Psychology

b)

Clinical Psychology

c)

Forensic Psychology

79.

Disorder marked by the inability to focus attention, or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both.

a)

Schizophrenia

b)

ADHD

c)

Dissociate Identity Disorder

80.

One of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia includes ____________.

a)

catatonia

b)

an expressionless face

c)

hallucinations

81.
Sadie believes that she is the Queen of England and that the CIA is out to get her. What type of psychologist would be most likely to treat her psychological disorder?
a)
developmental
b)
cognitive
c)
clinical
d)
personality
82.
What type of psychologist is most likely interested in conditions that lead to the greatest conformity?
a)
developmental
b)
cognitive
c)
social
d)
human-factors
83.
According to the fundamental attribution error, which of the following is most likely to be another student’s explanation for a classmate’s failing exam grade?
a)
The classmate was too lazy to study hard.
b)
There were too many picky questions on the exam.
c)
The classmate was not feeling well.
d)
The classmate had no quiet place to study.
84.

We have a tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of ____ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ____. 

a)

personality traits; situational constraints

b)

informational influence; normative influence

c)

situational constraints; personality traits

d)

normative influence; informational influence

85.

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group’s judgment of the lengths of lines:

a)

only when the group was composed of at least six members.

b)

even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.

c)

even when the group seemed uncertain and repeatedly altered its judgment.

d)

only when members of the group were of high status.

86.

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram’s initial obedience experiment because:

a)

the “learners” made so few learning errors under stress.

b)

the “teachers” actually enjoyed shocking another person.

c)

the “learners” obediently accepted painful shocks without protest.

d)

the “teachers” were more obedient than most people would have  predicted.

87.

According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that:

a)

even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction. 

b)

people are naturally predisposed to be hostile and aggressive.

c)

the desire to be accepted by others is one of the strongest human motives.

d)

people value their freedom and react negatively when they feel they are being coerced to do something.

88.

What is a fundamental attribution error?

a)

Ignoring personal traits in behavior analysis

b)

Attributing all actions to environmental factors

c)

Focusing solely on positive impressions

d)

Overlooking situational factors when interpreting others' behaviors

89.

What does 'social loafing' refer to?

a)

Working independently without supervision

b)

Exerting less effort when working in a group

c)

Loafing in social settings

d)

Performing at peak when alone

90.

What does 'groupthink' often lead to?

a)

A consensus without critical evaluation

b)

Enhanced creativity

c)

Individual accountability

d)

Decreased group cohesion