WorksheetsMidterm Study
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
Inside the human body, heat is constantly generated as a byproduct of chemical reactions. Humans are able to release this heat into the environment. This adaptation is necessary to maintain what?
homeostasis
organization
locomotion
energy
A scientist collected data on the effects of pesticides on aquatic animals. They measured the mass and growth rate of individuals in a population of fish. They also monitored the fish for the appearance of cancerous sores. Which statement correctly describes the data collected?
Mass and growth rate are quantitative data and the appearance of cancerous sores is qualitative data.
The appearance of cancerous sores is quantitative data and mass and growth rate are qualitative data.
Growth rate and the appearance of cancerous sores are quantitative data and mass is qualitative data.
Mass and the appearance of cancerous sores are quantitative data and growth rate is qualitative data.
Which statement determines if an explanation is a scientific theory?
It is supported by a large body of evidence and repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
It is accepted by one expert who proposes it based on personal experience.
It is a logical idea that has not yet been tested but seems reasonable.
It is a claim that cannot be disproved and therefore must be true.
Which is the best way scientists could minimize bias in their investigations?
Telling experimental groups if they are part of the manipulated or control group before the experiment.
Remembering observations mentally instead of writing them down.
Avoiding peer-review before publication of experimental results.
Running as many trials as possible to obtain the maximum amount of data.
Capillary action is the result of adhesion. Which aspect of water is responsible for this?
ionic bonds that enable electrons to flow through water and into another substance
polar covalent bonds that join molecules of water to other substances
hydrogen bonds between water and another substance
nonpolar covalent bonds that enable water to dissolve other substances
Which type of macromolecule provides a ready source of energy for cells?
protein
carbohydrate
lipids
nucleic acid
Why is a water molecule a polar molecule?
A water molecule is made up of three atoms.
A water molecule expands when frozen.
A water molecule has a neutral pH at normal temperature.
A water molecule has a slight charge on each end.
A scientist did an analysis of a plant cell’s organelles to see where various biomolecules are found. Why is the scientist more likely to find a high concentration of nucleic acids in the cell nucleus than in any other organelle?
Nucleic acids are found in ATP. ATP is generated in the cell’s nucleus.
Nucleic acids are found in DNA. A cell’s DNA is mostly located in a plant cell’s nucleus.
Nucleic acids are a large component of the cell membrane. The nucleus in plants is surrounded by a membrane.
Nucleic acids are subunits of protein. The nucleus contains all the information needed to direct protein synthesis.
Which property of water makes it possible for a plant to transport the nutrient-rich water from its roots to its leaves and other plant parts?
Its cohesive and adhesive property.
Its ability to flow and defy gravity.
It’s ability to expand and contract.
Its ability to dissolve substances in it.
Reference the image of the pond skater, or water strider, on the surface of water. What property of water enables the pond skaters to skate across the surface of the water without sinking into it?
Water’s ability to maintain a similar temperature as the pond skaters.
Water’s ability to dissolve substances to make it denser than the pond skaters, so that they float.
Water’s high surface tension from cohesion at the surface.
Water’s rapid evaporation rate in sunlight.
The diagram below illustrates the structure of glucose. Which of the following describes how the body uses molecules like the one illustrated above.
Sugars form carbohydrates, which are linked together to form fats that store energy.
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is stored inside the body's cells.
Sugars are broken down into proteins that become the building blocks of the body's tissues.
Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are broken down to release chemical energy that is used by the body's cells.
Which of the following statements regarding proteins is NOT true?
Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
Proteins contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Proteins have only one specific role - to regulate the rate of biochemical reactions.
Protein monomers have a carboxyl group on one end and an amino acid on the other.
The primary function of DNA is to -
provide energy for the cell
transmit messages between cells
make up cell membranes
store genetic information and information for building proteins
A scientist at the polar ice caps was studying an ice sample from hundreds of meters below the surface. While examining the ice, the scientist found some cells from centuries ago. Using an electron microscope, the scientist identified these cell structures: a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes. What type of organism did the scientist most likely find?
animal
bacteria
plant
virus
Which property of the cell’s plasma membrane allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out?
hydrophobic molecular structure
phospholipid structure
selective permeability
Which is NOT one of the three fundamental principles of cell theory?
Cells only can come from cells that already exist.
All cells have DNA.
Cells are the basic unit of life.
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
What kind of molecules make up the channels that extend all the way through the bilayer of a plasma membrane?
carbohydrate
cholesterol
protein
lipid
Which is a problem that a cell might develop if its plasma membrane did not have selective permeability?
It might not be able to take in substances necessary for the cell to survive.
It might not be able to communicate with other cells.
It might not be able to keep water on the outside of the cell.
It might not be able to anchor itself to a surface.
Which describes an effect of damaged chloroplasts on a cell?
decrease in the ability to obtain energy
decrease in the ability to store waste products
increase in the ability to do photosynthesis
increase in the ability to capture light energy
In 1838, German scientists Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden first proposed the cell theory based on evidence they obtained by drawing together data from their own scientific investigations on plant and animal cells. Over time, additional investigations carried out by other biologists resulted in changes being made to the 1838 version of the cell theory. This led to the cell theory widely accepted today. Which statement describes a component of an early version of the cell theory, which was later removed due to new scientific findings determining that while the idea had resembled science, it wasn’t science after all?
Cells are the basic unit of life.
All cells come from other cells.
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells form through spontaneous generation.
Which of the following molecules makes up the majority of the cell membrane?
carbohydrates
glycoproteins
phospholipids
nucleic acids
Which is an optical instrument that uses multiple lenses to magnify an object?
simple microscope
compound microscope
transmission microscope
scanning electron microscope
During photosynthesis, light energy is converted to the energy in chemical bonds. What also happens according to the predictions of the second law of thermodynamics?
chemical energy is converted to light energy
the light and chemical energy are equal
heat is released in the process
matter is lost in the process
What results from the removal of a phosphate group of ATP?
The creation of energy
the production of mechanical energy
the release of energy
the absorption of energy by chlorophyll
A student is investigating how plant cells maintain homeostasis through molecular transport. She places a plant cell in one hypotonic solution. The two cells react differently to this environment. What happens to the plant cell's plasma membrane?
It will shrink.
It will stay the same.
It will swell but not burst.
It will swell and burst.
The diagram represents a cell in water. Explain why more water is moving out of the cell than into the cell.
The concentration of solute in the cell is higher than it is outside the cell.
The concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than it is inside the cell.
The concentration of water inside the cell is greater than it is outside the cell.
The concentration of water outside the cell is too great.
What type of cellular transport is being illustrated in the image?
faciliatated diffusion
exocytosis
active transport
osmosis
Which of the following is an important energy-carrier molecule is cells?
water
ATP
enzymes
fat
How does an inhibitor change the activity of an enzyme?
by becoming a product of the reaction
by stopping the substrate from binding to the active site
by breaking down the enzyme into amino acids
by decreasing the activation energy needed to start the reaction
Suppose a scientist wants to test the effects of a pesticide on mice, so he tags nearby families of wild mice. In each nest, he assigns some mive to the control group and some to the test group. He takes pictures of the mice and measures them. Then, he gives small doses of the pesticides to the mice in the test group. He returns regularly to make observations.
What is a probable source of error for this experimental design?
The scientist could not control the environment of the wild mice.
The scientist did not use a control group in the experiment.
The scientist's results were biased by his expectations.
The scientists could not control the dose given to the wild mice.
Which is a product of photosynthesis?
ATP
water
glucose
carbon dioxide
The equation below represents a biological process. Where is this process completed?
carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
cell membranes
chloroplasts
ribosomes
mitochondria
Identify the process represented by the chemical equation.
fermentation
aerobic cellular respiration
photosynthesis
lactic acid fermentation
In which organisms does alcoholic fermentation take place?
yeast and some bacteria
plants
fruit flies
viruses
Which of the following is a substrate unsed in cellular respiration?
ion channels
carbon dioxide
rubisco
the product of photosynthesis
Infer why chloroplasts are found mostly in the leaves of plants:
chlorophyll interferes with the absorption of water into plant roots
the waxy coating on the surface of leaves helps prevent evaporation.
The large surface area of leaves allows for contract with oxygen.
The large surface area of leaves allows for maximum light absorption
Which process releases the greatest amount of ATP?
cellular respiration
alcoholic fermentation
photosynthesis
lactic-acid cycle
Why are light-absorbing molecules, such as chlorophyll, needed for photosynthesis to occur?
The molecules absorb carbon dioxide, which is the source of energy for photosynthesis
The molecules absorb glucose, which is the source of energy for photosynthesis
The molecules absorb oxygen, which is the source of energy for photosynthesis.
The molecules absorb sunlight, which is the source of energy for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essential biological processes. Which best explains how these processes are interrelated?
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose, which is used as food for the plant. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis is the way plants manufacture glucose for their processes; cellular respiration serves the same purpose in animals.
Cellular respiration is the process by which the bonds of food and oxygen molecules are broken and energy is transferred; photosynthesis is the process by which the bonds of food and carbon dioxide are broken and energy is transferred.
In cellular respiration, electrons are removed are glucose and added to oxygen, thereby reducing oxygen; in photosynthesis, electrons are removed from glucose and added to carbon dioxide.
Carbohydrates are a macromolecule that can be broken down to provide us with energy, however they play an additional role in plants. What is the important role played by carbohydrates, specifically cellulose, in plants beyond providing energy to the organism?
cellulose absorbs sunlight and influences the rate of photosynthesis
cellulose carries genetic information that can be inherited by plant offspring
cellulose fibers are strong and provide plants with structural support
cellulose forms a waxy, water-repellent protective surface on the leaves.
Dr. Smith is trying to conduct an experiment on the effectiveness of a painrelieving pharmaceutical. Which experimental design would introduce the least bias into the experiment?
There are 50 random participants. The participants are all told they are taking a pain-reliving pharmaceutical. Twenty-five of the participants are given a placebo.
There are 100 random participants. The participants are all told they are taking a pain-reliving pharmaceutical. Twenty-five of the participants are given a placebo. Dr. Smith asks two other colleagues to perform the same experiment at their institutions.
There are 50 random participants. The participants are all told they are taking a pain-reliving pharmaceutical. All participants are given the painreliving pharmaceutical. They are asked to rank how well it worked on a scale from 1 to 10.
There are 30 random participants. The participants are all told they are taking a pain-reliving pharmaceutical. Fifteen of the participants are given a placebo.
