WorksheetsDatabase Systems and Security Worksheet (Grade 13)
Total questions: 123
Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins
Automated testing for DB includes:
Unit tests for stored procedures
Manual testing
No testing
Test deletion
The Biba model in MAC emphasizes:
Availability
Confidentiality
Encryption
Integrity with no read-down, no write-up
Automated partitioning in DBMS:
Splits tables for performance
Partitioning deletion
Manual partitioning
No partitioning
A B+ tree differs from a B-tree in that:
It uses hashing
All values are stored in leaf nodes, with internal nodes for navigation
Leaves are not linked
It allows unbalanced structures
What is a honeypot in database security?
An encryption tool
A query optimizer
A decoy system to attract and detect attackers
A backup mechanism
Automated failover in high availability:
Failover deletion
Switches to replica on primary failure
No failover
Manual failover
NoSQL backup strategies include:
No NoSQL
SQL only
NoSQL encryption
Consistent dumps or replication snapshots
What is fanout in a B-tree?
The number of leaf nodes
The number of levels in the tree
The maximum number of children per node
The height of the tree
What does 'seek time' refer to in hard disk drives?
Time to move the read/write head to the correct track
Time for error correction
Time to rotate the disk to the correct sector
Time to transfer data from disk to memory
Referential integrity maintains:
Data redundancy
Consistency between related tables via foreign keys
Null values in primary keys
Duplicate records
To prevent SQL injection, DBMS applications should use:
Plain text inputs
Static SQL only
No input validation
Prepared statements and parameterized queries
A table is in 1NF if:
It has a primary key
It has no composite attributes and no repeating groups
All attributes depend on the primary key
It allows partial dependencies
Automated data cleansing:
Uses scripts to fix inconsistencies
Cleansing deletion
Manual cleansing
No cleansing
Which of the following is considered a secondary storage device in DBMS?
Cache memory
CPU registers
Magnetic disks
RAM
Warm standby server means:
Cold with no data
Always online primary
Secondary server with periodic restores (hoặc Log shipping, not fully real-time)
Hot with real-time sync
What does two-factor authentication (2FA) add to DBMS security?
Query optimization
Automatic data backups
A second verification step beyond passwords
Role creation
In flash-based SSDs, what is 'wear leveling'?
Compressing data
Mirroring
Distributing writes evenly to prolong lifespan
Striping data
PowerShell for DB scripting:
Manual powershell
Automates Windows DB tasks
No powershell
Powershell deletion
Disk backups offer:
Encryption only
No restores
Faster restores than tape
Slower than tape
Automated performance tuning in DBMS involves:
Ignoring query plans
No tuning
Tools like Oracle ADDM or MySQL Advisor for automatic optimizations
Manual indexing always
What is pitting in tape media?
Degradation over time
Tape queries
In DB CI/CD, Jenkins is used for what?
Builds pipelines for schema deploys
No jenkins
Jenkins deletion
Manual jenkins
Which ACID property ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit?
Atomicity
Durability
Isolation
Consistency
Cloud database security often involves:
No responsibility
Shared responsibility models between provider and user
User only
Provider only
Which tool is commonly used for automated database schema migrations?
Liquibase or Flyway
Manual SQL scripts only
Query optimizers
Data encryption tools
What is the primary purpose of a Database Management System (DBMS)?
To perform arithmetic calculations on data
To manage and organize data efficiently, ensuring data integrity and security
To create graphical user interfaces for applications
To store data in files without any structure
What is a recovery catalog?
No metadata
Query catalog
Metadata repository for backups
Catalog encryption
NoSQL databases are typically used for:
Strictly structured data
Small datasets
Unstructured or semi-structured data with high scalability
Only relational data
Backup retention policy defines:
No retention
Policy queries
How long backups are kept
Retention encryption
Puppet is used for:
Data entry
Manual puppet
Puppet encryption
Automating infrastructure and DB config
What is a common big data security challenge?
Small data only
Securing vast, distributed datasets in environments like Hadoop
No distribution
Centralized big data
Backup encryption protects:
Data in backups from unauthorized access
Backup deletion
No protection
Encryption queries
Ansible is a tool for:
Encryption
Manual config
Data querying
Configuration management and automation of DB deployments
RPO stands for:
Backup point
Recovery Time Objective
Point of encryption
Recovery Point Objective - acceptable data loss
Crash recovery in DBMS refers to:
Recovering from media failure
Restoring after system crash using logs
Network recovery
Physical backups
What is the primary purpose of data backup in DBMS?
To normalize tables
To encrypt data
To protect against data loss due to failures or disasters
To increase query performance
Automated vacuuming in PostgreSQL:
Reclaims space automatically
Manual vacuum
No vacuum
Vacuum deletion
In DBMS, what is fragmentation?
Backup
Data corruption
Normalization
Dividing data across sites in distributed systems
In disk storage, what is a 'block' or 'page'?
A variable-length record
A RAID level
An index structure
A fixed-size unit of data transfer between disk and memory
What is the main advantage of the network data model over the hierarchical model?
It eliminates all data redundancy
It allows many-to-many relationships
It uses tables for data storage
It is based on objects
In storage, 'IOPS' stands for:
Internal Operations Per Second
Input Operations Per Stripe
Input/Output Operations Per Second
Index Optimization Per Scan
Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs) in DBMS include:
Data deletion only
No privacy
Techniques like differential privacy for data analysis
Full disclosure
CI/CD for databases ensures:
Data loss
No changes
Automated testing and deployment of schema changes
Manual deployment
Immediate update allows:
Update delays
Immediate encryption
Changes written before commit, with undo logs
No writes
The database life cycle includes:
Hardware purchase only
Only coding
Requirements analysis, design, implementation, maintenance
Data deletion
What is slotted page organization?
Used only for indexes
For sequential files
A header with pointers to variable-length records in a page
Records stored in fixed slots
What is a composite index?
Index on a single attribute
Hash index
Sparse index
Index on multiple attributes concatenated
Cloud backups provide:
Scalable, offsite storage with redundancy
Manual redundancy
No scalability
Local only
In hash indexing, what is a bucket?
A collection of records sharing the same hash value
A disk block
An index node
A single record
Hot swapping in storage systems allows:
Indexing hot spots
Compressing hot data
Buffering swaps
Replacing disks without shutting down the system
Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) in DBMS encrypts:
User passwords only
Data in transit only
Query results
Data at rest without application changes
Redo phase reapplies:
No reapply
Redo encryption
Uncommitted transactions
Committed transactions
Cold backup is taken when:
During transactions
With logs only
Database is online
Database is shut down
SaltStack for automation:
No salt
Manages configs
Salt deletion
Manual salt
Replication in DBMS for recovery:
Replicates backups only
Copies data changes to replicas for redundancy
Replicates queries
No redundancy
What is data encryption in DBMS?
Indexing data for faster retrieval
Transforming data to protect it from unauthorized access
Compressing data for storage
Converting data to a readable format
In DBMS, data loss prevention (DLP) tools:
Optimize loss
Monitor and block unauthorized data exfiltration
Prevent backups
Lose data intentionally
Which type of backup copies all data since the last full backup?
Differential backup
Incremental backup
Full backup
Transaction log backup
What is 'mirroring' in RAID?
Copying data to multiple disks for redundancy
Merging logs
Striping without parity
Parity calculation
What is federated identity management?
Federated encryption
No management
Isolated identities
Centralized authentication across multiple systems
In a clustered index:
Indexes are stored separately from data
Only one per database
Multiple indexes share the same structure
Data records are physically ordered by the index key
In ER diagrams, relationships are represented by:
Circles
Rectangles
Ovals
Diamonds
Automated data replication:
Syncs data across sites
Replication deletion
Manual replication
No replication
What is 'pinning' a buffer frame?
Compressing it
Deleting it
Marking it as unavailable for replacement
Indexing it
Automated load balancing in DBMS (duplicate):
No balancing
Distributes queries across replicas
Balancing deletion
Manual balancing
DevOps tools for DB like DBMaestro:
Devops deletion
No devops
Enforces change management
Manual devops
In the three-schema architecture of DBMS, which level deals with how data is stored on disk?
Conceptual schema
External schema
Internal schema
User schema
Which concurrency control technique uses locks?
Timestamping
Multiversion concurrency control
Locking protocols
Validation
Tape backups are suitable for:
Online access
Small data
Archival and large-volume storage
Fast restores
What is 'defragmentation' in file systems?
Striping data
Indexing fragments
Reorganizing fragmented files for contiguous allocation
Compressing files
Auditing in DBMS involves:
Granting permissions
Recording user activities for review
Backing up data
Optimizing queries
What is quantum-resistant encryption?
Resistant to all
Quantum encryption
No resistance
Algorithms secure against quantum computing attacks
What is a view in DBMS?
A virtual table derived from one or more base tables
A physical table
A backup file
An index
What is a security information and event management (SIEM) system?
No events
Event optimization
Tool for real-time analysis of security alerts
Information deletion
What is phishing in the context of DBMS security?
Network optimization
Data compression
A social engineering attack to steal credentials
A fishing algorithm
In DBMS, access control lists (ACLs) specify:
Permissions for users on objects
Data backups
Encryption keys
Query plans
Partial recovery restores:
Full only
Partial encryption
Specific objects like tables
No partial
Biometric authentication in DBMS uses:
Only passwords
Physical characteristics like fingerprints
Query history
IP addresses
What is 'data striping' in storage?
Buffering data
Compressing data
Distributing data blocks across multiple disks
Indexing data
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) assigns permissions based on:
Data encryption levels
Individual user IDs
Network IP addresses
User roles within the organization
What does the term "data abstraction" refer to in DBMS?
Deleting unnecessary data
Hiding the complexity of data storage from users
Converting data into binary format
Storing data in multiple locations for backup
What is 'erasure coding' in storage?
Using parity for data recovery with less overhead than replication
Coding indexes
In DBMS, certificate-based authentication uses:
Query certificates
Digital certificates for verifying identities
Paper certificates
No certificates
What is a primary index?
Created on the ordering key of a sorted file
Used only for secondary storage
Allows duplicate keys
Built on a non-key attribute
What is Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)?
Allows transitive dependencies
A weaker form of 1NF
A stronger form of 3NF where every determinant is a candidate key
Equivalent to 2NF
Automated role management:
No roles
Role deletion
Assigns privileges dynamically
Manual roles
The ARIES algorithm is used for:
Encryption
Crash recovery with write-ahead logging
Indexing
Data compression
What does 'write-ahead logging' relate to in storage?
RAID configuration
Buffering reads
Indexing
Ensuring changes are logged before writing to disk for recovery
In DBMS, an index is used to:
Compress data on disk
Store the actual data records
Provide a faster way to locate records without scanning the entire file
Encrypt sensitive fields
The 'fill factor' in indexes refers to:
Fanout
Number of levels
Percentage of space left empty in nodes for future inserts
Height
What is data mining?
Storing data
Extracting patterns from large datasets
Deleting data
Compressing data
Chef for DB automation:
Chef deletion
Manual chef
Manages configurations declaratively
No chef
What is normalization in database design?
Encrypting data
Increasing data redundancy
Backing up data
Organizing data to minimize redundancy and dependency
Database vault technologies provide:
Backup storage
Data deletion
Query caching
Extra layers of access control for sensitive data
A multivalued attribute in ER model is:
Represented by a double oval
Part of the primary key
A single value attribute
Always null
AI-driven automation in DBMS can:
Ignore AI
Manual tuning
AI deletion
Tune parameters using machine learning
Database recovery is needed after:
Queries
Backups
Successful transactions
System failures or errors
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) in DBMS is characterized by:
No auditing requirements
Role-based assignments only
User-discretionary permissions
System-enforced policies based on labels (e.g., classified, secret)
Extendible hashing uses:
Tree structures
Fixed bucket sizes
Sorted buckets
A directory that doubles in size for dynamic growth
Which data model represents data as a collection of tables with rows and columns?
Object-oriented model
Hierarchical model
Relational model
Network model
What is a phantom read in transaction isolation?
Non-repeatable read
A dirty read
Seeing new rows inserted by another transaction
Reading committed data
The 'C' in ACID stands for:
Connectivity
Compression
Consistency
Concurrency
What is a stored procedure?
A precompiled set of SQL statements stored in the database and executed by name
A graphical user interface form for entering data
A physical file where tables are stored
A variable that holds session state for a user
What is DBaaS in the context of automation?
Database as a Service, automating provisioning and management
Manual database setup
Query service
Data backup only
In distributed DBMS, security challenges include:
Automatic auditing
Only local authentication
Securing data across multiple sites and networks
No need for encryption
In storage hierarchies, tertiary storage is typically:
Magnetic tapes or optical jukeboxes for archival
SSDs
Cache
RAM
Deferred update in recovery:
Immediate update
No update
Deferred encryption
Logs changes but applies after commit
In DBMS, a full backup includes:
Only changed data
Only transaction logs
Indexes only
The entire database at a point in time
What is the minimum number of disks required for RAID 6?
2
1
3
4
What is two-phase commit in distributed databases?
A locking mechanism
Ensuring all sites commit or abort a transaction
Query optimization
Data normalization
What does a primary key in a relational database ensure?
Uniqueness of each record in a table
Data redundancy
Automatic backups
Data encryption
The main goal of query optimization is:
To delete data
To increase data redundancy
To create views
To find the most efficient way to execute a query
What is a common method to secure data in transit?
Avoiding networks
Using SSL/TLS protocols
Compressing data
Storing data unencrypted
Automated data migration tools:
No migration
Manual migration
Migration deletion
Like DMS in AWS for seamless transfers
A database anomaly like insertion anomaly occurs due to:
Too many indexes
High concurrency
Data encryption
Poor normalization
Variable-length records use:
No separators
Always null padding
Delimiters or length prefixes to separate fields
Fixed offsets
What is 'index-only scan'?
Retrieving data without accessing the table
Using only primary indexes
Full table scan
Scanning buffers
Automated monitoring in DBMS involves:
Tools like Prometheus for alerting on metrics
Monitoring deletion
Manual checks
No monitoring
What does ETL stand for in data warehousing?
Execute, Test, Launch
Extract, Transform, Load
Edit, Translate, Link
Encrypt, Transmit, Log
In DBMS, what is behavioral analytics?
Analytic encryption
Using AI to detect deviations from normal user behavior
Behavior deletion
No behavior
Automated backup in DBMS:
Backup deletion
Schedules regular backups without manual intervention
Manual backups only
No backups
Failover in recovery is:
No switch
Switching to secondary system
Fail encryption
Failing over data
Continuous data protection (CDP) allows:
Fixed points only
CDP encryption
No recovery
Recovery to any point in time
