Worksheets1.1 Revision
Total questions: 163
Worksheet time: 1hrs 27mins
Which component is responsible for carrying out arithmetic and logical operations in the CPU?
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Accumulator
What is the primary function of the control unit (CU) within the CPU?
Perform arithmetic calculations
Manage input/output devices
Decode and execute instructions
Store data
Which register holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched?
MAR
MDR
PC
ACC
What is the role of the Memory Data Register (MDR)?
Stores the result of ALU operations
Holds data being transferred to or from memory
Holds the current instruction
Stores addresses
What type of processor executes one instruction at a time?
RISC
CISC
Dual-core
Multi-threaded
Which is an advantage of RISC architecture over CISC?
More complex instructions
Faster clock speed
Simpler hardware design
More power consumption
Which factor is least likely to affect CPU performance?
Clock speed
Number of cores
GPU model
Cache size
What is the role of cache memory in a CPU?
Stores permanent data
Holds data recently used by the CPU
Expands RAM
Acts as virtual memory
Which component stores both data and instructions temporarily for quick access by the CPU?
ROM
Hard Drive
RAM
Register
Which storage technology uses magnetic disks for data storage?
Hard Drive
Solid State Drive
Flash Drive
Optical Drive
Which storage type has no moving parts and is highly shock-resistant?
Hard Disk Drive
SSD
Magnetic Tape
Blu-ray Disc
What is meant by 'volatile' memory?
It retains data without power
It stores only system files
It loses data when power is lost
It is read-only
Which level of cache is usually the smallest and fastest?
L1
L2
L3
L4
Which component temporarily holds the instruction currently being decoded?
MDR
CIR
ALU
PC
Which is true of Harvard architecture?
Instructions and data share memory
RAM is not used
Separate memory for instructions and data
Only used in CISC processors
What is pipelining in CPU architecture?
Executing multiple programs at once
Storing data in cache
Overlapping instruction cycles
Saving data to the cloud
In the fetch-decode-execute cycle, what happens first?
Decode instruction
Fetch instruction
Execute instruction
Store output
Which device is an example of an output device?
Keyboard
Scanner
Monitor
Microphone
Which of the following is a solid-state storage device?
DVD
SSD
HDD
Magnetic tape
Which of the following describes parallel processing?
Processing instructions sequentially
Using multiple processors to perform tasks
Using one core at high speed
Storing instructions in cache
Which technology allows multiple processors to work on different parts of a program at once?
Serial processing
Multitasking
Parallel processing
Spooling
Which input device is typically used for biometric authentication?
Webcam
Touchpad
Fingerprint scanner
Microphone
Which of the following has the largest typical storage capacity?
CD
USB flash drive
SSD
HDD
Which component connects directly to the CPU to provide data rapidly?
Hard drive
Cache
USB stick
Optical drive
Which type of storage is most suitable for archiving large amounts of data for long-term storage?
SSD
Magnetic tape
RAM
DVD
Which storage device is typically used in smartphones?
Hard disk
Blu-ray
Flash memory
Magnetic tape
Why is virtual memory used?
To expand ROM capacity
To increase CPU speed
To extend available RAM using disk space
To store BIOS
Which component is responsible for holding the result of a computation temporarily?
PC
CIR
Accumulator
MAR
Which technology does an SSD rely on to store data?
Magnetic fields
Optical reflection
Flash memory
Transistor arrays
Which of these is NOT an advantage of multi-core processors?
Lower power consumption
Increased parallelism
Improved multitasking
Automatic doubling of performance
What doesn’t affect the performance of the computer
Clock Speed
Number of Cores
The number of instructions in the program
Cache Size
If the processing speed goes from 1GHZ to 4GHZ and the processor is changed from an 8 core to a dual core processor – what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer?
The number of instructions executed per second quadruples
The number of instructions executed per second doubles
The number of instructions executed per second stays the same
The number of instructions executed per second is halved
Firmware in which software and hardware are integrated on a circuit board is often used in what type of system?
Point of Sales System
Desktop System
Embedded System
Operating System
Which is an example of an Embedded System:
PCs
Washing Machine
Laptops
Tablets
Processors don’t do the following
Operate in Hz
Execute Data
Execute Instructions
Process Data
The part of a processor in which instructions are executed is known as?
Core
Centre
Instruction Centre
Execution
What acts as an intermediary between the processor and the Main Memory?
Clock
Cache
Bus
User
What is held in cache?
All of the programming instructions
Instructions that have been processed
Commonly used instructions and data
Data that hasn’t been used for a long time
Moore’s Law?
The performance increase of computers would eventually halt in 2020
That the number of cores on a processor would double every year
Predicted that the number of transistors on a circuit board would double ever year
Computers would be capable of thinking and learning for themselves by 2020
If the processing speed goes up from 1GHZ to 4GHZ and the number of cores goes from 1 to 2 – what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer?
Quadrupled
Eight Times faster
Sixteen times faster
Doubled
If the processing speed goes up from 1GHZ to 4GHZ and the number of cores goes from 1 to 8 – what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer?
Sixty Four times faster
Sixteen times faster
Eight Times faster
Thirty Two times faster
What component holds the address of the next instruction
Memory Data Register
Accumulator
Memory Address Register
Program Counter
This holds the number of the current instruction being worked on
Memory Address Register
Program Counter
Memory Data Register
Accumulator
This would reduce the number of memory/processor transfers
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Control Unit
Accumulator
Cache
This sends signals such as “I/O Read”
Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator
Cache
This sends signals such as “Memory write”
Control Unit
Cache
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator
What is held in ROM?
Operating System
Data currently in use
Bootstrap Loader
Instructions frequently used
Which component generates addresses
Secondary Storage
Processor
Main Memory
Control Unit
What is transferred down the data bus?
Data only
Addresses only
Data
Instructions and Addresses
Data and Instructions
What is the purpose of the accumulator?
To hold the results of a calculation
To hold the accumulation of instructions that are about to happen
To hold the accumulation of instructions that have happened
To perform arithmetic operations
.... a quartz crystal is used to measure the speed the FDE cycle takes to complete (in Hz). It shows home many instructions can be processed and how many FDE cycles per second.
bus speed
multi-core processors
clock speed
cache memory
instead of just having one processor a dual-core processor has CPUs working together which can each perform the FDE cycle simultaneously, this means the computer can process more instructions in the same amount of time.
bus speed
multi-core processors
clock speed
cache memory
... is a very fast memory which can work at a similar speed to the CPU. It stores frequently used instructions and data. This provides faster access than RAM as it is closer to the CPU.
bus speed
multi-core processor
clock speed
cache memory
Data is sent around the system in 'buses', a bus is a connection between the different parts of the motherboard. ... affects how quickly data can move around the computer, and therefore affects the speed of the computer.
bus speed
multi-core processors
clock speed
cache memory
Select all the factors which affect CPU performance
clock speed
number of cores
amount of cache memory
bus speed
What does CPU stand for?
(a)
What does the CPU do?
it is the brain of the computer
it is a temporary memory
processes instructions and carries out the FDE cycle
controls, processes and unites
Select all the main parts of the CPU
cache memory
arithmetic and logic unit
RAM
the control unit
.... is responsible for decoding instructions, it also sends electrical signals to control how data moves around the CPU and memory in order to execute these instructions.
arithmetic and logic unit
control unit
cache memory
... performs calculations and comparisons.
arithmetic and logic unit
control unit
cache memory
... is a fast memory located very close to the main CPU with dedicated connections so that the CPU has fast access to frequently used data.
arithmetic and logic unit
control unit
cache memory
What does PC stand for?
(a)
What does MAR stand for?
(a)
What does MDR stand for?
(a)
What does CIR stand for?
(a)
The ... holds the address of the next instruction to be processed.
PC
MAR
MDR
accumulator
CIR
The ... holds the address of where data is to be fetched or stored.
PC
MAR
MDR
accumulator
CIR
The ... holds the data fetched from, or to be written to memory.
PC
MAR
MDR
accumulator
CIR
The ... holds the results of calculations/data.
PC
MAR
MDR
accumulator
CIR
The ... holds the instruction currently being processed.
PC
MAR
MDR
accumulator
CIR
An ... is a computer system, built into most electronic devices, with only one purpose.
(a)
How many purposes does an embedded system have?
one
two
many
zero
A regular computer, laptop or phone is also known as...
A general purpose system
A dedicated computer system
Select all the benefits of embedded systems...
Smaller, so devices can be more compact
Cheaper to produce, reducing costs
More reliable and less likely to break
Only have one purpose
Select all the disadvantages of using embedded systems...
Not as highly powered
Use more electricity
Can only do one task
Smaller
Select all the examples of embedded systems...
washing machine
theme park ride
laptop
car
In (a) architecture, Data and programs are stored in the same memory
The cores are the number of (a) in a CPU
The (a) stores the address of the current instruction being processed
The _______ _____ ______ stores data / instruction to be processed
(a)
The (a) stores the results of calculations from ALU.
The ______ ____ ______ stores address of data being processed
(a)
(a) - The Data to be executed is retrieved from the Program Counter and copied to the MAR
_____ - The Control Unit ______ the instruction and sends control signals to the component within or outside the CPU that needs to act.
(a)
(a) - The operation indicated by the instruction is performed by the appropriate component.
Not all CPUs will execute code at the same (a)
True or False - Not all CPUs will execute code at the same speed
True
False
The CPU's Clock sends a (a) at fixed intervals to trigger the next stage of the FDE cycle
What is virtual storage often referred to as?
Cloud storage
Local storage
Network storage
Physical storage
What has contributed to the popularity of virtual storage?
The decline of the internet
Decreasing bandwidth capabilities
Fiber optics, 4G, and 5G
USB pens
What is a major advantage of using virtual storage?
Data can be accessed from any device with an internet connection
Limited storage capacity
Requires physical media
High costs for all users
What is a disadvantage of using virtual storage?
Unlimited storage capacity
Easy file sharing
Can become expensive
Does not require an internet connection
What happens if you have poor connectivity with virtual storage?
Decreased costs
Increased storage capacity
Access time to your files can be slow
Faster access to files
Where does the actual data in virtual storage reside?
In the user's home
On physical permanent storage media in remote data warehouses
On local devices
In the cloud
What does virtual storage abstract?
The internet
The logical storage from the physical storage
The speed of access
The cost of storage
What could the physical implementation of a shared drive include?
A mixture of different storage media
Only cloud storage
Only magnetic hard disks
Only solid state disks
Why is virtual storage considered to have limitless storage from the user's point of view?
Because it abstracts the actual physical limitations
Because it is free
Because it requires physical media
Because it uses local storage
What is a benefit of virtual storage in terms of collaboration?
It requires removable media
It makes collaboration on files much easier
It limits the number of people who can access the data
It only allows access from specific locations
What is NOT a reason for the shift towards virtual storage?
Ever increasing bandwidth capabilities
The ease of sharing data
The desire for physical media
The convenience of accessing data from anywhere
What is a potential issue when you cannot get an internet connection with virtual storage?
You have faster access to your files
You have no access to your files
Your storage capacity increases
Your data is automatically transferred to physical media
What does the logical abstraction of storage allow users to perceive?
The physical location of their data
A single, neatly structured storage area
The complexity of the underlying storage media
The cost of the storage media
How does virtual storage typically become more expensive?
Through the use of local storage solutions
The more capacity you need, the more expensive it becomes
By using less popular services
By decreasing the amount of data stored
What is NOT a feature of virtual storage?
The concept of storing and retrieving data over the internet
The abstraction of logical storage from physical storage
The ability to access data without an internet connection
The perception of limitless storage from the user's point of view
What is a virtual machine?
A physical computer that runs software
A program that emulates the functionality of a physical computer
A type of hardware used for gaming
A network protocol for data transfer
How do emulators trick programs?
By altering the program's code
By running the program on its native hardware
By making the program think it's running on its native hardware
By using a different programming language
What is an example of emulation mentioned in the text?
Running modern software on old hardware
Emulating arcade games from the 1980s on today's hardware
Using a smartphone to run PC games
Developing new hardware for old software
What is a benefit of using virtual machines in server technology?
They require more physical servers
They can only run one server at a time
They allow multiple virtual servers on fewer physical servers
They are less reliable than physical servers
What happens if one of the physical servers stops working in a virtual machine setup?
All virtual servers stop working
The load is balanced across other physical servers
The entire network shuts down
Users are immediately notified of the failure
What is intermediate code in the context of virtual machines?
Code that is specific to one device
Code that is not yet compiled
Code that is halfway between source code and machine code
Code that is only used for testing
Which programming language is given as an example of using intermediate code?
Python
C++
Java
Ruby
What is the role of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)?
To compile Java code into source code
To translate intermediate code into specific machine code
To execute Java code directly
To convert Java code into Python code
Why is Java code considered highly portable?
It is written in multiple languages
It can only run on Windows devices
It uses bytecode that can be executed on any device with a JVM
It does not require a compiler
What is a key advantage of using virtual machines for testing games?
They require less memory
They allow testing on multiple platforms without the actual hardware
They improve the graphics quality
They reduce the development time significantly
What is the main purpose of a virtual machine in the context of server technology?
To increase the physical size of servers
To reduce the number of virtual servers
To support a large number of virtual servers on fewer physical servers
To make servers more expensive
How does a virtual machine contribute to load balancing?
By increasing the number of physical servers
By distributing the load across multiple virtual servers
By reducing the network demand
By shutting down inactive servers
What is the relationship between bytecode and the Java Virtual Machine?
Bytecode is executed directly by the hardware
Bytecode is translated by the JVM into machine code
Bytecode is only used for debugging
Bytecode is specific to one type of device
What is a common use of virtual machines in game development?
To create new gaming hardware
To test games on different platforms using emulators
To increase the game's file size
To reduce the game's graphics quality
What is the primary role of the central processing unit?
To fetch instructions from memory
To store data permanently
To enhance the graphics
To supply power to the computer
How many main types of memory, also known as primary storage, are mentioned?
One
Two
Three
Four
What is ROM soldered to?
The motherboard
The CPU
The power supply
The hard drive
What does ROM contain?
User's personal files
The first instructions for the computer
The operating system
Temporary data for running programs
What is the software stored on the ROM referred to as?
Freeware
Shareware
Malware
Firmware
What is the main purpose of RAM in a computer system?
To keep the computer cool
To store the BIOS
To hold the operating system when the computer is running
To make the computer look better
What happens when a computer is first turned on?
It displays the user's desktop
It plays music
It performs a power on self-test
It immediately loads the operating system from the hard drive
What type of storage is ROM classified as?
Non-volatile
Volatile
Optical
Temporary
What happens to the data in RAM when the computer is turned off?
It is permanently saved
It is transferred to the ROM
It is printed out
It is lost
What is the first set of instructions passed from ROM to the CPU known as?
The power on self-test
The kernel
The operating system
The bootloader
What does the power on self-test program do?
It updates the software
It checks the working of connected components
It loads the user's profile
It plays a startup sound
What is the earliest version of ROM called?
ROM
EPROM
EEPROM
P-ROM
What does EEPROM stand for?
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
Enhanced Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
Encrypted Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
What is a characteristic of EEPROM?
It cannot be reprogrammed
It requires UV light to be erased
It can be rewritten without being removed from the computer
It stores data temporarily
What is the function of the bootloader program?
To check for any BIOS on the hard disk
To play the startup sound
To display the login screen
To encrypt the hard drive
What is the core of all computers known as?
The central processing unit
The execution unit
The instruction set
The main memory
How many main categories of instruction sets are there?
Four
Two
One
Three
What does CISC stand for?
Compact Instruction Set Computer
Central Instruction Set Computer
Complex Instruction Set Computer
Complete Instruction Set Computer
What does RISC stand for?
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Rapid Instruction Set Computer
Real Instruction Set Computer
Revised Instruction Set Computer
What is the main goal of CISC architecture?
To complete tasks in as few lines of assembly as possible
To use as many instructions as possible
To execute instructions in multiple clock cycles
To increase the number of machine cycles
Which architecture is mainly found in desktop computers and laptops?
RISC
Neither RISC nor CISC
CISC
Both RISC and CISC
What is a key feature of RISC processors?
Instructions executed in multiple clock cycles
Complex hardware
High energy requirements
Simple instructions executed within a single clock cycle
What does the use of RISC architecture result in?
Higher energy requirements
More complex hardware
Lower energy requirements
Less efficient processing
In which devices has RISC architecture become incredibly popular?
High-performance gaming consoles
Low power and portable devices
Desktop computers
Mainframe computers
What is the performance equation commonly used for?
Determining the price of a computer
Measuring a computer's speed
Expressing a computer's performance potential
Calculating the energy efficiency of a processor
What does the CISC approach attempt to minimize?
The complexity of the hardware
The number of cycles per instruction
The energy consumption
The number of instructions per program
What is a disadvantage of variable length CISC instructions?
They become problematic when utilizing pipelining
They are easier to develop
They require more energy
They are executed in a single clock cycle
What was a major setback for the emergence of RISC?
Incompatibility with existing systems
Simple hardware design
High energy consumption
Lack of software support
What allows Intel's x86 processors to operate in a RISC-like fashion?
Its high energy efficiency
Its complex instruction set
Its use of microcode
Its simple hardware
What has contributed to the ideal situation for RISC's emphasis on software over hardware?
The simplicity of the instruction sets
The complexity of compiler technology
The reduction in the price of RAM
The increase in the price of RAM
What is the brain of a computer referred to as?
Hard Disk Drive
Central Processing Unit
Main Memory
Graphics Processing Unit
In the early days, how many CPUs did computer systems have integrated into a single physical chip?
One
Two
Four
Eight
What does a multi-core processor contain?
Only co-processors
A single independent processing unit
A single core for graphics processing
Two or more independent processing units
What is a CMP?
Central Multiprocessing
Chip Multiprocessor
Computer Main Processor
Core Management Protocol
What is a dual-core processor commonly referred to as?
Single-core CMP
Multi-core CMP
CMP with two cores
CMP with four cores
How many cores did the very latest commercial processors have at the time of making the video?
32
64
8
16
What can enhance the performance of multi-core processors?
Using a single core for all tasks
On-chip shared cache and a method of communication
Removing the cache completely
Decreasing the number of cores
What is parallel processing dependent on?
The brand of the computer
The color of the processor
Software taking advantage of it
The size of the hard disk
What does parallel processing achieve by dividing program instructions between multiple processors or cores?
Slows down the program execution
Makes the program more complex
Increases the program's memory usage
Runs a program in less time
What law is famous in computer science for predicting possible speed increases by adding more processors?
Amdahl's Law
Moore's Law
Einstein's Law
Newton's Law
What is the difference between parallel and concurrent processing?
Parallel can only execute one action at a time
Concurrent is faster than parallel
Parallel supports two or more actions executing simultaneously, while concurrent supports them in progress at the same time
There is no difference
What does CMP stand for?
Core Management Processor
Computer Mainframe Protocol
Centralized Micro Processor
Chip Multiprocessor
What is not a direct result of doubling the number of cores in a processor?
Enhanced multitasking capabilities
Ability to execute more instructions simultaneously
Increased intercore communication overheads
Doubling the performance
What is essential for software to take full advantage of multi-core processors?
Being designed and written to make use of parallel processing
Being written in a specific programming language
Requiring no user input
Having a graphical user interface
What is the technical term for a single physical chip that contains two or more independent processing units?
Chip Multiprocessor
Dual-Core Processor
Single-Core Processor
Basic Input/Output System
