The belief in the right of states to make independent decisions that was used to justify the right of states to have slavery

A state leaving the United States

The part of the Compromise of 1850 that required free states to return escaped slaves to their owners

The slave who sued for his freedom and lost when the Supreme Court ruled he could never be a free citizen — the Supreme Court ruling in 1857 that a slave would remain property even in a free state and that no African American could ever be a US citizen

The sixteenth President of the US who steered the US through the Civil War and succeeded in saving the Union and beginning the process of freeing the slaves

Written by Abraham Lincoln, this document freed all slaves who lived in areas which were then in rebellion against the federal government as of January 1, 1863.

The series of battles during the Civil War over the city of Atlanta, which the North won in the end

Fought in the summer of 1864, this long battle resulted in the Union conquest of the city of Atlanta, and made possible Sherman's March to the Sea.

Lincoln's plan to pardon almost all Confederate soldiers and readmit the Confederate states if 10 percent of the population swore allegiance to the United States and voted to free the slaves

President Andrew Johnson's plan to readmit Confederate states that passed the Thirteenth Amendment and pardon most Confederate soldiers who swore allegiance to the United States

The Republicans in Congress who wished to punish the South for its actions in the Civil War and make sure blacks could vote.

A secret terrorist organization, sometimes called the KKK, that used threats, violence, and murder to intimidate black citizens and those who helped them

The system whereby people rent farmland and own the crops they grow

The ownership of human beings

The belief that states could "nullify" or void federal laws they did not like.

A compromise about admitting free or slave states from new territory that worked for a short period of time

A statement by Georgia leaders in support of the Compromise of 1850, and a threat that they would fight any attempts to ban slavery in the west or not carry out the Fugitive Slave Law

This is the short and informal name for the short-lived Confederate States of America.

This attack on a Union fort in South Carolina by Confederates was the first battle of the Civil War

The blockade of the Confederate coast by the North during the Civil War

The Union general who conquered Atlanta and led the March to the Sea which devastated large sections of Georgia.

Fought 25 miles north of Atlanta, this battle was one of the few Confederate victories in the last stages of the Civil War.

Union General Sherman's march from Atlanta to Savannah in the fall of 1864, destroying crops and infrastructure to bring the Confederacy to its knees

After the Civil War, the rebuilding of Southern infrastructure and the attempt to create new social and political institutions

Laws that severely restricted the freedoms of freed slaves in the South

The Reconstruction Plan of the Radical Republicans that put the South under military rule and required Southern states to write new constitutions, allow blacks to vote, and ratify the Fourteenth Amendment

The agency created to help newly-freed slaves in the South with education and jobs

The system whereby sharecroppers farm a portion of the landowner's land in return for housing, tools, seeds, and a share of the crop

Was established as a camp for prisoners of war (Union Soldiers).

Made African Americans citizens of the United States and the states in which they lived.

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Northern plan to blockade Southern ports on the Atlantic and Gulf Coast and take control of the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy in half