WorksheetsChapter 6: Marine Physiology
Total questions: 69
Worksheet time: 40mins
Which structure controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?
Cell wall
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Which organelle contains the genetic material of the cell?
Ribosome
Nucleus
Golgi body
Mitochondrion
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Smooth ER
Mitochondria
Vacuole
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is directly involved in:
Lipid synthesis
Protein folding and transport
ATP production
Photosynthesis
Which organelle modifies proteins and produces lysosomes?
Ribosome
Golgi body
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Cells with high energy demands contain large numbers of:
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Which structure is found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Cell membrane
The large permanent vacuole in plant cells primarily functions in:
Protein synthesis
Gas exchange
Storage of water and pigments
ATP production
In the fluid mosaic model, phospholipid heads are:
Hydrophobic and uncharged
Hydrophilic and charged
Hydrophobic and charged
Nonpolar and insoluble
Which membrane protein forms a pore allowing substances to pass?
Carrier protein
Enzyme
Channel protein
Glycoprotein
Carrier proteins differ from channel proteins because they:
Require ATP for all transport
Bind specific molecules and change shape
Form permanent pores
Transport only water
Which substance can diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer?
Glucose
Sodium ions
Oxygen
Amino acids
Active transport differs from passive transport because it:
Moves substances down a concentration gradient
Does not involve proteins
Requires energy input
Occurs only in plants
Facilitated diffusion requires:
ATP
Carrier or channel proteins
Vesicles
Ion pumps
Diffusion is defined as movement of molecules:
From low to high concentration using energy
From high to low concentration without energy
Across membranes only
Using carrier proteins only
Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of:
Ions
Solutes
Water
Proteins
Water moves by osmosis from:
Lower to higher water potential
Higher to lower water potential
Equal water potential only
High solute to low solute concentration
Adding salt to water will:
Increase water potential
Decrease water potential
Not affect water potential
Stop diffusion
A hypertonic solution has:
Lower solute concentration than cells
Equal water potential to cells
Higher solute concentration than cells
No effect on cells
In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell is most likely to:
Shrink
Remain unchanged
Burst
Lose solutes
Which investigation material mimics a selectively permeable membrane?
Agar
Visking (dialysis) tubing
Glass
Filter paper
As organism size increases, surface area to volume ratio:
Increases
Decreases
Remains constant
Becomes irrelevant
A high surface area to volume ratio results in:
Slower diffusion
Faster diffusion
No diffusion
Active transport only
Which structure increases diffusion efficiency in fish gills?
Gill arches
Operculum
Lamellae
Swim bladder
Gas Exchange: Small organisms rely primarily on gas exchange by:
Ram ventilation
Pumped ventilation
Simple diffusion
Countercurrent exchange
Gas Exchange: Pumped ventilation is characteristic of:
Tuna
Grouper
Coral polyps
Sharks only
Gas Exchange: Ram ventilation requires fish to:
Stop swimming
Close opercula
Swim continuously
Use lungs
Gas Exchange: Tuna primarily use ram ventilation because they:
Are benthic
Have low oxygen demand
Are constant swimmers
Live in freshwater
Gas Exchange: Gill hyperplasia reduces gas exchange by:
Increasing lamellae number
Increasing surface area
Fusing lamellae
Increasing blood flow
Osmoregulation: Marine fish live in an environment that is:
Hypotonic to their body fluids
Isotonic to their body fluids
Hypertonic to their body fluids
Equal in water potential
An osmoconformer maintains:
A constant internal solute concentration
Internal conditions different from surroundings
Internal conditions similar to surroundings
No control over ion balance
Mussels are classified as osmoconformers because they:
Actively pump ions constantly
Match internal solute concentration to seawater
Produce concentrated urine
Live only in freshwater
An osmoregulator such as tuna:
Allows internal salinity to fluctuate freely
Maintains constant internal solute levels
Cannot tolerate salinity changes
Is always isotonic
Euryhaline organisms can:
Tolerate narrow salinity ranges
Tolerate wide salinity ranges
Live only in marine environments
Avoid osmosis
Which organism is stenohaline?
Salmon
Mussel
Bull shark
Tuna
Marine fish compensate for water loss by:
Producing dilute urine
Drinking seawater
Avoiding salt intake
Closing gills
Excess sodium and chloride ions in marine fish are removed primarily by:
Kidneys
Skin
Gills
Liver
Freshwater fish produce:
Small volumes of concentrated urine
No urine
Large volumes of dilute urine
Salt-rich urine
In freshwater fish, sodium and chloride ions are:
Lost passively
Pumped out of the blood
Actively absorbed through gills
Not regulated
Osmoregulation is essential because it maintains:
Photosynthesis
Stable internal water and ion balance
Gas exchange efficiency
Cell division
Cell Structure & Microscopy: A photomicrograph shows a cell containing a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes but lacking a cell wall and chloroplasts. Which conclusion is most accurate?
The cell is a photosynthetic plant cell
The cell is a prokaryote
The cell is an animal cell
The cell is a bacterial cell
Cell Structure & Microscopy: An electron micrograph reveals extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and a large Golgi body. This cell is most likely specialized for:
Lipid storage
Protein secretion
A mitochondrion is imaged at ×60,000 magnification. The image length measures 90 mm. What is the actual length?
0.0015 µm
1.5 µm
15 µm
150 µm
Which change would most strongly indicate a cell with increased metabolic activity?
Reduced ribosome number
Enlarged vacuole
Increased mitochondrial density
Thicker cell wall
A toxin blocks channel proteins but not carrier proteins. Which transport process would be MOST affected?
Active transport
Diffusion of oxygen
Facilitated diffusion of ions
Osmosis
A molecule is large, polar, and moves down its concentration gradient across a membrane. Which mechanism is most likely responsible?
Simple diffusion
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
Endocytosis
Why are phospholipid fatty acid tails oriented toward the interior of the membrane?
They are charged and attract water
They are hydrophobic and avoid water
They form hydrogen bonds
They require ATP
A carrier protein stops functioning when ATP is removed, even though the solute concentration gradient favors movement. This protein is most likely involved in:
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis
Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A has a lower solute concentration than Solution B. Predict the net movement of water.
From B to A
From A to B
No net movement
Water moves equally both directions
A marine invertebrate cell placed in freshwater swells and bursts. This suggests the cell:
Was isotonic to freshwater
Could actively regulate water balance
Was adapted to hypotonic environments
Lacked effective osmoregulation
Increasing solute concentration inside a cell will:
Increase water potential
Decrease water potential
Stop diffusion
Increase membrane permeability
During a Visking tubing investigation, glucose diffuses out but starch does not. What is the most valid conclusion?
Starch is nonpolar
Glucose requires ATP
Membrane is selectively permeable
Starch has a higher water potential
Which modification would MOST improve diffusion efficiency in a large marine organism?
Increasing body thickness
Decreasing surface area
Developing folded exchange surfaces
Reducing circulation
Agar blocks of increasing size are placed in dye. Larger blocks show less penetration relative to size because:
Diffusion rate decreases
Surface area to volume ratio decreases
Volume increases faster than surface area
Both B and C
Why do unicellular organisms not require specialized gas exchange structures?
They actively transport gases
Their membranes are impermeable
They have a high SA:V ratio
They rely on ram ventilation
Gill lamellae increase efficiency primarily by:
Increasing blood pressure
Increasing diffusion distance
Increasing surface area
Reducing water flow
Gill hyperplasia would most directly cause:
Increased oxygen uptake
Reduced diffusion efficiency
Increased lamellae spacing
Improved ventilation
Which fish would be MOST negatively affected if forced to stop swimming?
Grouper
Flounder
Tuna
Coral polyp
Pumped ventilation relies on which pressure change?
High pressure in operculum draws water in
Low pressure in buccal cavity draws water in
High pressure in gills prevents diffusion
Constant pressure maintains flow
A fish actively secretes sodium and chloride ions through its gills while producing small volumes of concentrated urine. This fish is most likely:
A freshwater fish
A marine osmoregulator
An osmoconformer
Hypotonic to seawater
Mussels close their shells when salinity changes rapidly. This behavior helps them:
Increase diffusion
Maintain isotonic conditions
Prevent ion loss
Increase ATP production
Which organism best demonstrates both euryhaline ability and osmoregulation?
Tuna
Mussel
Salmon
Coral polyp
Freshwater fish must actively absorb ions because:
Their environment has a higher solute concentration
Ions diffuse out of their bodies
Water diffuses out rapidly
Their kidneys do not function
If a marine fish’s ion pumps stopped functioning, the most immediate effect would be:
Increased ATP production
Loss of excess salts
Disruption of internal ion balance
Increased urine concentration
The student labels organelle A as (a) and Organelle B as (b)
A cell biologist analyzed four different cells that had varying numbers of each type of organelle.
Match each cell to the correct description:
Makes the most energy
Cell 4
Can destroy the most waste
Cell 3
Can package and export the most proteins
Cell 1
Can store the most food and water
Cell 3
Click on the dot that represents the mitochondria.
Label the diagram with the organelles
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
This organelle contains DNA that has instructions for the making of proteins and it directs all activities of the cell.
