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PIPE ELEMENTS 2.2

Total questions: 101

Worksheet time: 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the function of HRSG safety valves?

a)

To improve steam purity

b)

To reduce NOx

c)

To increase HRSG efficiency

d)

To protect pressure parts from overpressure

2.

Which factor reduces condenser vacuum?

a)

Air leakage and high cooling water temperature

b)

Clean tubes

c)

Proper sealing

d)

Low dissolved oxygen

3.

Which property is used to determine the direction of a spontaneous chemical reaction?

a)

Gibbs free energy

b)

Internal energy

c)

Internal energy

d)

Enthalpy

4.

What is the primary working principle of a gas turbine power plant?

a)

Diesel cycle

b)

Joule cycle

c)

Rankine cycle

d)

Otto cycle

5.

Which material is used for high-temperature turbine blade coatings?

a)

Ceramic thermal barrier coatings

b)

Steel

c)

Copper

d)

Aluminum

6.

What is the main mechanism of heat transfer in nucleate boiling?

a)

Natural convection

b)

Solid conduction

c)

Vapor bubble formation and collapse

d)

Radiation

7.

The main purpose of secondary air in a pulverized coal furnace is to:

a)

Complete combustion of volatile gases

b)

Control furnace draft

c)

Dry the coal

d)

Cool the flame

8.

Which factor reduces condenser efficiency?

a)

Low steam moisture

b)

High vacuum

c)

High cooling water temperature

d)

Low dissolved gases

9.

What does the term "black start" refer to in diesel power plants?

a)

Starting without external power supply

b)

Starting with empty fuel tanks

c)

Starting after maintenance

d)

Starting at low ambient temperature

10.

Which turbine stage suffers most from moisture erosion?

a)

Reheat stage

b)

First stage

c)

Last stage of low-pressure turbine

d)

High-pressure turbine

11.

Which engine efficiency is always lower than the air-standard efficiency?

a)

Thermal efficiency

b)

Brake efficiency

c)

Mechanical efficiency

d)

Indicated efficiency

12.

What is the function of condenser circulating water pump?

a)

To reduce turbine pressure

b)

To increase generator frequency

c)

To cool HRSG

d)

To remove latent heat from exhaust steam

13.

What is the function of a power turbine in aero-derivative gas turbines?

a)

To reduce exhaust losses

b)

To compress air

c)

To reheat air

d)

To drive external load independent of compressor turbine

14.

What is the purpose of steam turbine reheating in CCPP?

a)

To reduce pressure ratio

b)

To lower HRSG

c)

To reduce steam moisture and increase work output

d)

To cool condenser

15.

What is the purpose of a steam turbine gland sealing system?

a)

To prevent steam leakage and air ingress into turbine casing

b)

To increase exhaust

c)

To reduce steam temperature

d)

To improve HRSG efficiency

16.

Which control parameter synchronizes combined cycle plants with the grid?

a)

Lube oil pressure

b)

Cooling water flow

c)

Generator frequency, voltage, and phase angle

d)

Exhaust gas temperature

17.

What is the purpose of starter air in gas turbines?

a)

To increase regeneration

b)

To improve combustion

c)

To spin compressor until self-sustaining

d)

To reduce exhaust pressure

18.

What does the AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) control in a diesel generator?

a)

Excitation and terminal voltage

b)

Fuel flow

c)

Lube oil pressure

d)

Frequency

19.

Which turbine uses nozzle and buckets for energy conversion?

a)

Turgo turbine

b)

Francis turbine

c)

Kaplan turbine

d)

Pelton wheel

20.

What is the work done in a polytropic process when n = 1?

a)

W=pVln⁡(V2/V1)W = pV \ln(V_2/V_1)

b)

W=(p2V2−p1V1)/(1−n)W = (p_2V_2 - p_1V_1)/(1 - n)

c)

W=CpΔTW = C_p \Delta T

d)

W=CvΔTW = C_v \Delta T

21.

Which hazard is associated with diesel storage tanks?

a)

Radiation exposure

b)

Fire and environmental spill

c)

Cryogenic burns

d)

Ozone depletion

22.

Which law of thermodynamics defines the concept of temperature?

a)

Third law

b)

Second law

c)

Zeroth law

d)

First law

23.

Which loss is minimized by using multistage axial compressors?

a)

Mechanical loss

b)

Recirculation loss

c)

Recirculation loss

d)

Shock loss

24.

Which emission is largely influenced by fuel sulfur content?

a)

HC

b)

CO

c)

NOx

d)

SO2

25.

Which process is isothermal in Rankine cycle?

a)

Compression in pump

b)

Expansion in turbine

c)

Heat addition in boiler

d)

Heat rejection in condenser

26.

The stoichiometric air–fuel ratio is the:

a)

Maximum air for minimum fuel

b)

Minimum air for complete combustion

c)

Actual air used in practice

d)

Theoretical air with no excess or deficiency

27.

What is the immediate effect of undervoltage on motor loads fed by the genset?

a)

Reduced current

b)

Higher speed

c)

Increased current and potential stalling

d)

No change

28.

Which type of condenser prevents mixing of steam and cooling water?

a)

Spray condenser

b)

Jet condenser

c)

Dry condenser

d)

Surface condenser

29.

Which parameter must be synchronized before closing generator breaker to the grid?

a)

Cooling water flow

b)

Pressure

c)

Lube oil temperature

d)

Frequency, voltage, and phase angle

30.

Which type of alternator is most common in gensets?

a)

Induction generator

b)

DC generator

c)

Homopolar generator

d)

Synchronous alternator

31.

The presence of high moisture in coal primarily

a)

Increases heating value

b)

Reduces heating value and increases fuel consumption

c)

Improves ignition

d)

Decreases ash content

32.

Which cycle governs the bottoming cycle in combined cycle plants?

a)

Otto cycle

b)

Rankine cycle

c)

Carnot cycle

d)

Diesel cycle

33.

What is the role of a fuel forwarding pump?

a)

To deliver fuel from storage to day tank and engine

b)

To fill radiator

c)

To cool intake air

d)

To charge batteries

34.

What is the purpose of inlet air cooling in gas turbines?

a)

To reduce compressor work only

b)

To decrease fuel consumption

c)

To increase air density and power output

d)

To reduce exhaust emissions

35.

Which cycle is most appropriate for gas turbine power plants with regeneration?

a)

Diesel cycle

b)

Otto cycle

c)

Brayton cycle

d)

Rankine cycle

36.

Which efficiency is generator output/turbine shaft power?

a)

Mechanical efficiency

b)

Electrical efficiency

c)

Generator efficiency

d)

Plant efficiency

37.

What is the function of a steam turbine?

a)

To pump feedwater

b)

To convert steam energy into mechanical work

c)

To condense exhaust steam

d)

To generate steam

38.

What is the typical range of overall electrical efficiency for medium-speed diesel power plants?

a)

20–30%

b)

35–48%

c)

55–65%

d)

10–20%

39.

Which parameter defines steam quality?

a)

Heat rate

b)

Dryness fraction

c)

Vacuum pressure

d)

Pressure ratio

40.

Which method increases boiler thermal efficiency?

a)

Reducing feedwater temperature

b)

Reducing fuel calorific value

c)

Heat recovery from flue gas (economizer, air preheater)

d)

Increasing condenser pressure

41.

Which efficiency measures turbine expansion performance?

a)

Isentropic efficiency

b)

Boiler efficiency

c)

Thermal efficiency

d)

Mechanical efficiency

42.

Which parameter defines steam quality?

a)

Pressure ratio

b)

Vacuum pressure

c)

Dryness fraction

d)

Heat rate

43.

What is the purpose of continuous blowdown in HRSG?

a)

To increase turbine work

b)

To control dissolved solids and prevent scaling

c)

To remove oxygen

d)

To cool condenser

44.

Which parameter defines boiler circulation?

a)

Fuel flow rate

b)

Boiler efficiency

c)

Ratio of mass of water circulated to steam generated

d)

Drum pressure

45.

Which factor reduces turbine efficiency during operation?

a)

Clean blades

b)

Blade fouling and erosion

c)

High superheat

d)

Good lubrication

46.

Which parameter defines boiler blowdown rate?

a)

Condenser vacuum

b)

% of water removed to control TDS (total dissolved solids)

c)

Steam dryness

d)

Fuel flow rate

47.

Which factor defines turbine setting elevation?

a)

To minimize cavitation and optimize efficiency

b)

To increase vibration

c)

To reduce net head

d)

To reduce water hammer

48.

Which method reduces PM emissions effectively?

a)

Lower compression

b)

High-pressure injection and better atomization/aftertreatment (DPF)

c)

Increasing sulfur

d)

Retarding timing only

49.

Which type of HRSG has separate sections for HP, IP, and LP steam?

a)

Triple-pressure HRSG

b)

Dual-pressure HRSG

c)

Single-pressure HRSG

d)

Once-through HRSG

50.

Which cycle forms the bottoming cycle in CCPP?

a)

Brayton cycle

b)

Otto cycle

c)

Rankine cycle

d)

Carnot cycle

51.

Which device displays instantaneous phase angle difference for sync?

a)

Wattmeter

b)

Ammeter

c)

Synchroscope

d)

VAR meter

52.

What is the preferred mounting for vibration isolation?

a)

Rigid on concrete

b)

Steel skid only

c)

Spring or elastomeric anti-vibration mounts

d)

Wooden base

53.

Which turbine is an impulse turbine?

a)

Bulb turbine

b)

Francis turbine

c)

Pelton wheel

d)

Kaplan turbine

54.

Which practice avoids turbocharger "hot shutdown" damage?

a)

Cool-down run at idle/low load

b)

Over-speeding before stop

c)

Closing intake rapidly

d)

Immediate stop after load

55.

What is the main purpose of an air preheater?

a)

To reduce steam temperature

b)

To increase condenser vacuum

c)

To increase furnace temperature by heating combustion air

d)

To lower fuel pressure

56.

Which part of the gas turbine plant contributes maximum pressure loss?

a)

Diffuser

b)

Compressor

c)

Turbine

d)

Combustor

57.

What is the purpose of a fuel day tank high-level alarm?

a)

To indicate low fuel

b)

To test level switches

c)

To signal filter blockage

d)

To prevent overflow and spillage

58.

Which fuel is most commonly used in stationary gas turbines?

a)

Kerosene only

b)

Coal

c)

Gasoline

d)

Natural gas or diesel oil

59.

Which boiler efficiency test calculates various heat losses?

a)

Direct method and indirect method

b)

Indirect method

c)

ASME method

d)

Direct method

60.

What is the function of the camshaft in an IC engine?

a)

To operate intake and exhaust valves

b)

To rotate the crankshaft

c)

To compress the fuel

d)

To supply oil to the engine parts

61.

What is the slope of a T-s diagram for a reversible isobaric process?

a)

Infinite

b)

Zero

c)

T/Cv

d)

T/Cp

62.

Which cooling method is commonly applied at chimneys for gas turbines?

a)

Inlet fogging

b)

Oil cooling

c)

Steam cooling

d)

CO2 injection

63.

What law defines the maximum efficiency of any thermal power plant?

a)

Carnot law

b)

Newton's law

c)

Charles' law

d)

Boyle's law

64.

Which efficiency measures steam turbine mechanical losses?

a)

Overall efficiency

b)

Mechanical efficiency

c)

Thermal efficiency

d)

Isothermal efficiency

65.

What is the difference between indicated power and brake power?

a)

Fuel power

b)

Friction power

c)

Mechanical power

d)

Shaft power

66.

What is the unit of heat rate in steam power plants?

a)

kg/kWh

b)

kJ/kg

c)

W/m2

d)

kcal/kWh or kJ/kWh

67.

Which equation relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas?

a)

Boyle's law

b)

Ideal gas equation pV = nRT

c)

Dalton's law

d)

Charles' law

68.

Which advantage makes combined cycle plants suitable for base-load operation?

a)

Low availability

b)

High efficiency

c)

High emissions

d)

Short life

69.

Which device indicates the water level in boiler drum?

a)

Flowmeter

b)

Manometer

c)

Bourdon gauge

d)

Water level gauge glass

70.

Which law defines maximum possible efficiency of a gas turbine between two temperatures?

a)

Joule law

b)

Stefan-Boltzmann law

c)

Dalton's law

d)

Carnot law

71.

What is the function of duct burners in HRSG?

a)

To stabilize flame in turbine

b)

To cool air flow

c)

To reduce emissions

d)

To increase exhaust temperature and steam generation

72.

Which type of head loss occurs in penstock bends?

a)

Major head loss

b)

Static head

c)

Gross head

d)

Minor head loss

73.

Which parameter decreases in combined cycle plant during part load?

a)

Feedwater flow

b)

Condenser pressure

c)

Gas turbine exhaust temperature

d)

HRSG steam production

74.

Which type of draft is economical in large plants?

a)

Natural draft only

b)

Induced draft

c)

Forced draft

d)

Balanced draft (forced + induced)

75.

What is the purpose of a battery float charger?

a)

To discharge battery

b)

To isolate DC loads

c)

To maintain full charge without overcharging

d)

To heat battery

76.

What is the typical plant load factor for combined cycle plants?

a)

20-30%

b)

90-100%

c)

40-50%

d)

60-80%

77.

What is the approximate efficiency of a simple open-cycle gas turbine without modifications?

a)

5-10%

b)

30-35%

c)

50-60%

d)

15-25%

78.

Which cycle modification raises average heat addition temperature?

a)

Superheating

b)

Regeneration

c)

All of the choices

d)

Reheating

79.

Which type of turbine is Parsons turbine?

a)

Reaction turbine

b)

Impulse turbine

c)

Pelton turbine

d)

Kaplan turbine

80.

Which parameter is increased by steam reheating?

a)

Turbine work and dryness fraction at exhaust

b)

Moisture content

c)

Heat rate

d)

Condenser pressure

81.

Which loss is reduced by condenser vacuum maintenance?

a)

Flue gas loss

b)

Boiler loss

c)

Moisture loss

d)

Exhaust enthalpy loss

82.

Which turbine is suitable for medium head?

a)

Pelton wheel

b)

Turgo wheel

c)

Francis turbine

d)

Kaplan turbine

83.

Which law relates to conservation of energy in fluid flow?

a)

Bernoulli's theorem

b)

Boyle's law

c)

Pascal's law

d)

Newton's law

84.

What is the purpose of a condenser air extraction system?

a)

To increase HRSG efficiency

b)

To reduce cooling water temperature

c)

To remove non-condensable gases and maintain vacuum

d)

To reduce emissions

85.

Which efficiency is affected by turbulence losses?

a)

Hydraulic efficiency

b)

Generator efficiency

c)

Overall efficiency

d)

Mechanical efficiency

86.

Which cycle arrangement gives best efficiency in CCPP?

a)

Simple gas turbine

b)

Triple-pressure HRSG with reheat

c)

Single-pressure HRSG only

d)

Steam turbine only

87.

Which law defines condenser heat rejection?

a)

Newton's law of cooling

b)

Charles's law

c)

Dalton's law

d)

First law of thermodynamics

88.

Which law defines the entropy change of a reversible process?

a)

dS=δQrev/TdS=\delta Q_{rev}/T

b)

dS=δW/TdS=\delta W/T

c)

dS=δW/TdS=\delta W/T

d)

dS=δH/TdS=\delta H/T

89.

Which turbine is velocity compounded?

a)

Parsons turbine

b)

Kaplan turbine

c)

Curtis turbine

d)

Reaction turbine

90.

Which section of boiler absorbs convective heat?

a)

Furnace wall

b)

Economizer and superheater

c)

Firebox

d)

Safety valve

91.

Which component converts engine mechanical output to electricity?

a)

Alternator

b)

Governor

c)

Condenser

d)

Turbocharger

92.

What does the AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) control in a diesel generator?

a)

Frequency

b)

Lube oil pressure

c)

Fuel flow

d)

Excitation and terminal voltage

93.

Which factor makes CCPP suitable for base load?

a)

High cost

b)

High efficiency and availability

c)

Long startup

d)

Low flexibility

94.

Which heat transfer coefficient is generally higher?

a)

Film condensation

b)

Radiation

c)

Dropwise condensation

d)

Free convection

95.

Fuel-bound nitrogen is a precursor to:

a)

SO2

b)

NOx

c)

CO

d)

H2S

96.

Which factor improves boiler draft?

a)

High fouling

b)

High ash content

c)

Poor chimney

d)

Balanced draft fans

97.

The lower heating value (LHV) of a fuel differs from HHV because it:

a)

Includes moisture in the fuel

b)

Ignores carbon content

c)

Includes ash content

d)

Excludes the latent heat of water vapor

98.

Which factor improves boiler draft efficiency?

a)

Excessive fouling

b)

Induced/forced draft fans

c)

Higher stack temperature

d)

High resistance path

99.

What is the change in internal energy during an isothermal process of an ideal gas?

a)

Negative of work done

b)

Equal to work done

c)

Zero

d)

Equal to heat added

100.

Which law relates monochromatic emissive power to blackbody radiation?

a)

Fourier's law

b)

Wien's law

c)

Stefan-Boltzmann law

d)

Kirchhoff's law

101.

Which material is commonly used for cylinder liners in heavy-duty diesels?

a)

Brass

b)

Aluminum

c)

Copper

d)

Cast iron alloy

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