Which of the following is the exact date for a drug to be safely taken if its expiration date is December 2018?

Which of the following concepts are most of public health strategies based on?

Public health is the science of protecting the health of a community. Which population from the following list is their target?

What resource should be used when searching for the most current clinical trials on the use of novel anticoagulants for pulmonary embolism?

A 55-year-old man brings a prescription for Oxycontin in April. The script from a doctor is dated December 17 of the previous year and allows five refills. What quantity of fill(s) are likely to be received by the patient today?

How many phases of clinical trials are required to approve a new drug?

A patient is started on codeine 15 mg orally as needed for postoperative pain. One day after starting codeine, the patient presents to the Emergency Department with confusion, headache, and shortness of breath. Which of the following most likely describes the patient's genotype?

Which of the following genetic testing results might derive a potential benefit from trastuzumab therapy in a breast cancer patient?

Breast cancer. The gene HER2 is negative; which agent can we use?

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with heartburn?

Which of the following medications is the most appropriate for nausea induced by the anti‑parkinson’s drug bromocriptine?

Which of the following is the main feature of celiac disease?

A 39‑year‑old woman presents with epigastric burning and pain for the last 6 months and reports an allergy to beta‑lactam antibiotics. An office‑based urea breath test is performed to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection and is positive. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment regimen?

Which of the following regimens is most appropriate to prevent constipation in a patient starting on morphine for pain?

Which of the following medications can cause pneumonia as a side effect?

A 7‑year‑old girl presents with moderate dehydration due to vomiting. Based on the following lab results, what is the most suitable replacement fluid?

Which of the following drugs can be safely recommended to a patient suffering from chronic constipation?

Which of the following regimens is the treatment of choice for a patient who develops a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori infection?

Which of the following areas in the brain is the main target for metoclopramide to produce antiemetic activity?

Which of the following most likely is the action of histamine?

Which of the following is the mechanism by which bisacodyl laxative relieves constipation?

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of loperamide’s antidiarrheal effect?

Which drug should be used for both bone and gastrointestinal tract problems?

A patient has severe gastric pain radiating to the right upper quadrant with vomiting; the pain radiates to the back and gets worse with fatty meals. What is the most likely cause?

When should omeprazole be taken?

Which of the following tests can be used to confirm Helicobacter pylori?

Which one of the following medications can a gynecologist prescribe to a patient?

Which of the following hormones maintains the concentration of water in the body?

Which of the following hormones stimulates mammary gland development and milk production?

Type of hypersensitivity for drug‑induced hemolytic anemia?

Which of the following immunoglobulin activates complement system?

An 8-year-old child had difficulty in breathing, swelling of lips and tongue, and fainted after eating a piece of cake containing nuts. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is the child exhibiting?

Which white blood cell type is the target of human immunodeficiency virus during acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Which of the following represents the immunity acquired by giving a living organism with attenuated virus?

Which of the following is the first antibody to be produced in a new infection?

A 28-year-old woman with Crohn’s disease was treated with high-dose intravenous corticosteroids, converted to oral drugs, and started on infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor. Which test should be performed prior to infliximab?

To which of the following is the major histocompatibility complex unique?

A 27-year-old man with hepatitis C virus infection has elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and mild fibrosis on liver biopsy (see lab results). Which drug should be avoided in his case?

Which of the following is used for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration?

Which of the following drugs is associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

Which of the following is the site of action for aflibercept?

Which of the following is involved in type 2 hypersensitivity (cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction)? Note: type 1 involves IgE.

Which drug is used in organ transplantation?

Immune cells have a Y shape. Antibodies attach to which part?

An 8-year-old child had difficulty in breathing, swelling of lips and tongue, and fainted after eating cake containing nuts. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is the child exhibiting?

Case with food allergy: what type of response is this?

What is secondary prevention?

Which immunoglobulin is frequently found elevated in asthmatic patients?

Which cells have antibody on their surface?

Which part of immunoglobulin attaches to the B cell?

Which part of immunoglobulin attaches to antigen?

Which of the following drugs is considered an enzyme inhibitor that may affect the metabolism of other drugs?

Major toxic effect of chloramphenicol in infants is due to lack of which enzyme?

During prescription verification, a pharmacist identified a drug interaction in a 23-year-old woman diagnosed with urinary tract infection and prescribed an antibiotic. Which antibiotic is the best option to avoid harm?

Which antibiotic is used for surgical prophylaxis of colorectal surgeries?

Which of the following is the first-line treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in Saudi Arabia?

A 57-year-old man presents with 2 days of high fever, muscle and bone aches, headache, and loss of appetite, with recent close contacts with a friend who had influenza. Which management is best?

Which condition is a serious adverse reaction of fluoroquinolone therapy?

Which is the reason doxycycline should be avoided in children less than 12 years?

Which disease can cause latent infection?

Which topical antibiotic ointment can be used in MRSA infection?

Case: Escherichia coli with chronic kidney disease. Which dosing regimen is most appropriate?

A patient has severe endocarditis with Staphylococcus aureus on vancomycin, but sensitivity testing shows susceptibility only to linezolid, which is not FDA-approved for endocarditis. What is the best management?

Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit affect which process?

Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis at the 50S ribosomal subunit have which effect?

Which of the following are encapsulated bacteria?

Which of the following can be used for UTI infections?

What is the adverse effect of fluoroquinolones?

A case about a child has pin worm infection. Which of the following is the best drug of choice?

A case about a girl has sore throat (mild) without any infection or other symptoms. What should you advise her?

Use in the prevention of RSV in neonate?

Months infant have RSV?

Which of the following is a characteristic for facultative anaerobic?

A 36-year-old man not known to have any medical illness diagnosed recently with an active pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the following is the best regimen to start?

A 23-month-year-old, 14-kg infant is brought to the hospital with signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis. The baby attends day care and has a history of acute otitis media. A blood and CSF culture were ordered and pending. Which of the following is the empirical therapy for acute bacterial meningitis?

Which of the following micro-organisms causes typhoid fever?

Which of the following describes the transmission mode of coronavirus?

A 24-year-old male presented to the hospital with a skin infection. The microbiology technician received a sample from this patient; the sample in a special media was incubated over 24 hours and showed Staphylococcus aureus. The microbiologist used disk diffusion method to determine the susceptibility of different antibiotics (see image). What is the most sensitive antibiotic?

Which of the following bacteria is involved in the development of dental caries?

What is the main method transmission of Brucella species?

A pregnant woman is travelling to a high risk malarial country. Which antimalarial prophylactic agent carries the most fetal risk in pregnant women?

Which of the following viral infections best describes chronic infection?

A 28-year-old pregnant female in labor is admitted to the hospital. She tested positive for Group B streptococcus colonization at her 36-week appointment. She has a penicillin allergy and her culture are resistant to both clindamycin and erythromycin. What is the recommended treatment for this patient?

A 7-year-old boy presents with complain of itchiness around the anus at night. Lab tests revealed Enterobius vermicularis infection (pin worm infection). Which of the following is the most appropriate management?

Drugs may accumulate in tissues as result of their physicochemical characteristics or special affinity of the tissue for the drug. Which of the following parts of the body does tetracycline accumulate?

A 55-year-old woman presents with symptoms of Helicobacter pylori infections. She was previously treated with the classical amoxicillin, clarithromycin, omeprazole regimen. The physician is unable to obtain susceptibility testing for the Helicobacter pylori but the pattern of local antimicrobial resistance to penicillin's is well known. What would be the optimal treatment for her?

A 16-month-old baby with bronchopulmonary dysplasia is admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with respiratory distress requiring in (see lab results). What is the best management?

What is the description of viruses that live as parasites on bacteria?

Which of the following is a β-lactamase enzyme?

Which of the following Clostridium spp. is linked to the development of pseudomembranous colitis?

Which is the best treatment for Staphylococcus aureus positive mastitis?

A nurse has an inquiry about the appropriate time to withdraw a trough gentamicin level for a patient. What is the best answer for her inquiry?

A 6-year-old boy is diagnosed with a pin-worm infection. Which of the following drugs should be used for treatment?

What is the recommended prophylactic therapy for pregnant women colonized with group B streptococcus in labor with penicillin allergies at high risk for anaphylaxis?

Which of the following might develop in association with high serum amikacin?

Which of the following infections is prevented with the administration of 0.5% erythromycin eye ointment in newly born infants?

Which of the following is the most appropriate empiric treatment for a patient with community-acquired pneumonia requiring admission to the hospital?

An 18-year-old healthy girl admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of necrotizing pneumonia. She received vancomycin 1 g IV q12h and meropenem 1 g IV q8h. The trough level of vancomycin was 16 mcg/ml (normal range: 10–20 mcg/ml). Which of the following is the next appropriate step in management of this patient?

Which of the following medications can cause hemolytic anemia in the newborn when used by a pregnant woman at full term?

Which of the following classes of medications have been associated with the development of newborn kernicterus when used by pregnant women at full term?

Which of the following mechanisms, cephalexin exerts antibacterial effects?

Which of the following clinical conditions is treated with zanamivir?

Which of the following medications would inhibit uncoating of the viral RNA?

Which of the following has similar antibacterial mechanism of penicillin?

Which of the following best describes ceftazidime?

A 60-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital for surgery. Colonization of gram-negative bacteria occurred after surgery. Which of the following is the best management?

Which of the following is an indication for ciprofloxacin?

Which of the following drugs has poor oral bioavailability?

Which of the following is the drug of choice for chlamydia infection?

Which of the following is the best treatment for staphylococcus aureus positive mastitis?

A case patient takes pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and rifampicin and develops problems in vision. Which drug is responsible for this side effect?

Pregnant with vaginal discharge due to Candida: which medication is appropriate?

Lab results show hemoglobin and glucose in range except high white blood cell count. What is the most likely condition?