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Microbiology lecture midterm part 1

Total questions: 49

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Mark whether the statement is true or false: Many chronic medical conditions have been found to be associated with microbial agents.

a)

true

b)

false

2.

Mark whether the statement is true or false: All bacteria and archaea are microorganisms, but only some eukaryotes are microorganisms.

a)

true

b)

false

3.

Mark whether the statement is true or false: Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.

a)

true

b)

false

4.

Mark whether the statement is true or false: The names of the three proposed domains are Bacteria, Protista, and Eukarya.

a)

true

b)

false

5.

Mark whether the statement is true or false: The scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation, called the hypothesis, to account for what has been observed or measured.

a)

true

b)

false

6.

Mark whether the statement is true or false: A hypothesis must be tested many times before it can be considered a theory.

a)

true

b)

false

7.

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

a)

cause human disease

b)

lack a cell nucleus

c)

are infectious particles

d)

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

e)

can only be found growing in laboratories

8.

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Which of the following are not considered microorganisms?

a)

Mosquitoes

b)

Protozoa

c)

Bacteria

d)

Viruses

e)

Fungi

9.

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Among these types of microorganisms, the ______ are noncellular.

a)

viruses

b)

helminths

c)

protozoans

d)

bacteria

10.

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Helminths are ______.

a)

bacteria

b)

protozoa

c)

molds

d)

parasitic worms

e)

infectious particles

11.

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?

a)

Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior

b)

Formation of greenhouse gases, CO2 and methane

c)

Digestion of complex carbohydrates in animal diets

d)

Decomposition of dead matter and wastes

12.

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. The majority of oxygen in earth's atmosphere is a product of photosynthesis by ______.

a)

microorganisms

b)

rain forests

c)

agricultural lands

d)

green plants

13.

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

a)

Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors

b)

A microbiologist using the microscope to view bacteria

c)

Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds

d)

Escherichia coli producing human insulin

e)

Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

14.

Which of the following is a traditional human use of microorganisms?

a)

Baking bread

b)

Treating water and sewage

c)

Mass-producing antibiotics

d)

Cleaning up oil spills

15.

Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of

a)

biotechnology

b)

bioremediation

c)

decomposition

d)

immunology

e)

epidemiology

16.

Disease-causing microorganisms are called

a)

decomposers

b)

bacteria

c)

pathogens

d)

eukaryotes

e)

fermenters

17.

The number one worldwide infectious disease are

a)

AIDS-related diseases

b)

diarrheal diseases

c)

malaria and other protozoan diseases

d)

measles and other rash diseases

e)

respiratory diseases

18.

In which way are bacteria and eukaryotes the same?

a)

Contain membrane-bound organelles

b)

Possess a cell membrane

c)

Contain a nucleus to hold DNA

d)

Always have a cell wall for rigidity

19.

In which way are archaea and eukaryotes the same?

a)

Contain membrane-bound organelles

b)

Have similar ssu rRNA sequences

c)

Contain mitochondria for energy production

d)

Possess RNA instead of DNA

20.

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

a)

Cause human disease

b)

Lack a nucleus

c)

Cannot be seen without a microscope

d)

Contain genetic material

e)

Lack cell structure

21.

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

a)

Viruses

b)

Bacteria

c)

Parasites

d)

Fungi

e)

Yeasts

22.

Eukaryotic cells are larger than bacterial or archaeal cells; all cells are larger than macromolecules. Where do viruses fit on this scale?

a)

Viruses are larger than eukaryotic cells.

b)

Viruses are smaller than eukaryotic cells, but larger than bacterial or archaeal cells.

c)

Viruses are smaller than bacterial or archaeal cells, but larger than macromolecules.

d)

Viruses are smaller than macromolecules.

23.

In general, eukaryotic cells are about _____ times larger than bacterial or archaeal cells.

a)

2

b)

10

c)

50

d)

1000

24.

Archaeal cells are about _____ bacterial cells.

a)

the same size as

b)

ten times larger than

c)

ten times smaller than

25.

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that _____.

a)

microbes are found on dust particles

b)

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

c)

life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

d)

a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

e)

microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

26.

Which of the following is NOT a recent discovery that has had a huge impact on the understanding of microbiology?

a)

Restriction enzymes

b)

PCR technique

c)

Human microbiome project

d)

Small RNAs

e)

All are significant discoveries.

27.

The sum total of all the microbes in a certain environment is termed the _____.

a)

microbiome

b)

biofilm

c)

microbial niche

d)

domain

e)

phylogeny

28.

Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method?

a)

Belief in a preconceived idea

b)

Formulation of a hypothesis

c)

Systematic observation

d)

Laboratory experimentation

e)

Development of a theory

29.

Sterile is best described as _____.

a)

pathogen-free

b)

absence of spores

c)

absence of any life forms and viral particles

d)

pasteurized

e)

homogenized

30.

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

a)

nomenclature

b)

classification

c)

identification

d)

a common name

31.

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called _____.

a)

classification

b)

identification

c)

nomenclature

d)

experimentation

e)

biotechnology

32.

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right).

a)

Family, order, class

b)

Family, genus, species

c)

Genus, species, family

d)

Class, phylum, order

e)

Kingdom, domain, phylum

33.

Which of the following pairs of career descriptions and work tasks is not correctly matched?

a)

Industrial microbiologist -- manipulate bacterial strains to be less pathogenic

b)

Agricultural microbiologist -- identify bacterial causes of crop disease

c)

Public health microbiologist -- track the incidence of AIDS in a population

d)

Medical microbiologist -- identify the cause of a bladder infection at a hospital lab

34.

Studies of the immune response to an infection caused by microorganisms would be performed by a/an ______.

a)

hypersensitivity specialist

b)

epidemiologist

c)

immunologist

d)

geomicrobiologist

35.

The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______.

a)

a common ancestral cell

b)

photosynthetic bacteria

c)

archaea

d)

cells with a true nucleus

36.

Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time?

a)

Morphology

b)

Phylogeny

c)

Evolution

d)

Genetics

e)

Transformation

37.

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called ______.

a)

bioremediation

b)

genetic engineering

c)

epidemiology

d)

immunology

e)

taxonomy

38.

The smallest and most significant taxon is a ______.

a)

genus

b)

species

c)

kingdom

d)

family

e)

phylum

39.

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

a)

Species

b)

Phylum

c)

Kingdom

d)

Genus

e)

Family

40.

Which of the following is a scientific name?

a)

Gram-positive streptococcus

b)

Streptococcus pyogenes

c)

Anthrax

d)

Streptobacilli

41.

A mnemonic for remembering the taxonomic levels from Domain to Species is "Dear King Phillip Came Over for Good Soup." The word "came" here is a reminder of the taxonomic level of ______.

a)

class

b)

category

c)

chain

d)

colony

e)

culture

42.

A diagram of the three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) proceeding from the Last Common Ancestor would show Archaea ______.

a)

as the original cells from which the others derived

b)

branching off the Domain Eukarya

c)

branching off the Domain Bacteria

43.

Which of the following historical microbiologists is incorrectly paired with his contribution to the science?

a)

Francesco Redi: tested spontaneous generation with meat exposed to the air or covered with cloth

b)

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: made and used quality magnifying lenses to observe and record microorganisms

c)

Louis Pasteur: demonstrated that anthrax was caused by a bacterium

d)

Joseph Lister: promoted disinfecting hands and air prior to surgery

44.

The incidence of deaths from communicable disease is ______ in the United States compared to the entire world.

a)

less

b)

greater

c)

about the same

45.

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ______.

a)

determining evolutionary relatedness

b)

bioremediation

c)

recombinant DNA

d)

nomenclature

e)

determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

46.

Trees of life that illustrate the phylogenetic relationships of all organisms were traditionally based on ______; newer methods for determining phylogeny rely on ______.

a)

morphology; nucleic acid sequences

b)

nucleic acid sequences; morphology

c)

morphology; virology

d)

morphology; nutritional requirements

e)

nucleic acid sequences; microbiomes

47.

When assigning a scientific name to an organism, ______.

a)

the species name is capitalized

b)

the species name is placed first

c)

the species name can be abbreviated

d)

both genus and species names are capitalized

e)

both genus and species names are italicized or underlined

48.

Which scientific name is written correctly?

a)

Staphylococcus aureus

b)

staphylococcus aureus

c)

Staphylococcus Aureus

d)

_Staphylococcus aureus_

e)

S. aureus

49.

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called ______.

a)

decomposers

b)

prokaryotes

c)

pathogens

d)

eukaryotes

e)

fermenters