This single-reed woodwind instrument has a black body and a flared bell. Its highest register is named after the Baroque chalumeau. Unlike the oboe, it is pitched in B-flat. Name the instrument.

The mud volcanoes at Gobustan State Reserve in Azerbaijan can be found near this inland sea, the world’s largest lake, where the Volga River has its mouth. Name this body of water.

The town of Armero, affected by deadly lahars in 1985, is near the city of Bogotá. Name the country where this occurred.

This novel opens with the line “Call me Ishmael,” includes the gold doubloon nailed to a ship’s mast, and features Captain Ahab’s chase for the white whale. Name the novel.

Symbolized E a and measured in joules per mole, this is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. Name this quantity.

This quantity has a namesake constant k and is the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs. Name this quantity.

This equation relates the rate constant to activation energy and includes a pre-exponential factor. It is named for a Swedish chemist. Name the equation.

This South American empire centered on Peru used knotted quipu messages and relied on chasqui runners. Its ruler Atahualpa was killed during Spanish conquest. Name the empire.

Name the novel by Victor Hugo about the ex-convict Jean Valjean, who is caught stealing silverware from Bishop Myriel.

Name the police inspector who pursues Jean Valjean throughout Les Misérables and ultimately drowns himself after sparing Valjean.

Jean Valjean is initially imprisoned for stealing a loaf of this food. Sourdough and whole wheat are types of it. Name the food.

Some forms of this technology use a combination of nodes and feedback algorithms called a neural network. Processes include deep learning and machine learning, and models like GPT-4 attempt to produce text. Name this technology that attempts to imitate human thinking.

The “Dancing Girl” statue was found at Mohenjo-daro. Name the Bronze Age civilization, also called the Harappan Civilization, centered on a river in modern-day Pakistan.

Mohenjo-daro was home to a “Great” version of this public place used for religious purification ceremonies. Name it.

Seals from Mohenjo-daro indicate that these birds may have been first domesticated there. Male examples called roosters are used in cockfighting. Name the bird.

This country, led by Volodymyr Zelenskyy and invaded by Russia in 2022, is where false allegations about Burisma involved Joe and Hunter Biden. Name the country.

In Greco-Roman myth, name the Roman counterpart of Eros who loves Psyche.

Cupid is often depicted with wings and a bow to shoot these weapons, sometimes gold-tipped to make people fall in love. Name the weapons.

After Psyche enters a coma, Jupiter grants Psyche immortality, leading to her being given this food of the gods. Those who consume it typically bleed ichor instead of blood. Name the food.

These chemical bonds are formed by sharing electrons, are depicted on Lewis structures, and are typically formed between nonmetals. Between cysteines, a bond of this type is termed a disulfide. Name the bonds.

Fiji’s first Olympic medal was a gold in the sevens variant of this sport. Name the sport.

The All Blacks are the national team of this island country in the Pacific Ocean; Auckland is its largest city. Name the country.

The haka performed by the All Blacks is a type of this performance, which is also common in Hawaiian culture. Name the performance type.

This 19th-century cause, advanced by Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Cavour, resulted in the crowning of Victor Emmanuel II as king. Name the cause.

Name the measure of the total value of goods and services produced in a country, often used to gauge economic performance.

Dividing GDP by this value gives GDP per capita, a measure of standard of living. Name this value for a country.

Using the expenditures method, GDP sums consumption, investment, net exports, and this category for what the government spends. Name this category.

These protected areas in the United States include places like Joshua Tree and Yosemite in California; in Utah, one of them has multiple spires of rock called hoodoos, and climbers visit monoliths like Half Dome and El Capitan. Name these protected areas, the oldest of which is Yellowstone.

This substance, produced by goblet cells, forms a “respiratory blanket” that helps humidify inhaled air and traps dust and bacteria before they enter the lungs. Name the substance.

A delta F508 mutation in the CFTR protein causes this disease, leading to overproduction of mucus in the airways. Name the disease.

Mucociliary clearance occurs in this sense organ that contains olfactory bulbs for smell. Name the organ.

This Athenian thinker is called the “gadfly of the state,” appears in Plato’s Meno and Apology, and was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock. Name the philosopher.

Name the former French president who led Free France during World War II and lends his name to Paris’s international airport.

During the Empty Chair Crisis, de Gaulle protested the CAP associated with this economic sector; productivity increased after the Green Revolution. Name the sector.

This event occurred at Ford’s Theatre during a performance of Our American Cousin, when John Wilkes Booth killed the 16th U.S. President. Name the event.

Processes such as Compton and Rayleigh are types of these, in which particles or radiation deviate from a straight path. Name the processes.

In Compton scattering, a photon interacts with a particle that has this property; Coulomb’s law also describes forces between particles with it. Name the property.

Rayleigh scattering causes the sky to appear this color; large bodies of water often appear this color too. Name the color.

For 10 points, name this Spanish painter of Guernica, who also created an untitled steel statue in Chicago’s Daley Plaza and painted African-inspired masks in Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.

For 10 points each: Name the Austrian monk who published his results on pea plant hybridization and introduced the laws of Segregation, Dominance, and Independent Assortment.

For 10 points each: Name the term Mendel coined to describe alleles that are often masked by their dominant counterparts and require two copies to express their trait.

For 10 points each: Name the scientist whose work with Drosophila melanogaster supported the idea that genes are carried on chromosomes.

For 10 points, name this location in Greek mythology that includes the Fields of Asphodel and Elysium, through which the rivers Phlegethon and Styx flow, where Sisyphus rolls a boulder uphill for eternity, and which is ruled by Hades and Persephone.

For 10 points each: Name the company founded by John Schnatter whose motto claims that “better ingredients” make its signature product better, and whose chairman stepped down in 2018 after a controversy over a racial slur.

For 10 points each: Papa John’s and its main competitor Domino’s are best known for selling this food product.

For 10 points each: From 2010 to 2018, Papa John’s was the official pizza of this organization, which has promoted cold-water washing of uniforms with Tide.

For 10 points, name this point guard for the Golden State Warriors, the only player in Davidson College history to have a jersey number retired, who broke a record held by Ray Allen in 2022 and is a member of the “Splash Brothers” with Klay Thompson.

For 10 points each: Name the operation in calculus that can find the slope of the tangent line at a point for a function and the instantaneous rate of change.

For 10 points each: By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the inverse of differentiation is integration, which can find this quantity under a curve; for a square, it is found by multiplying two side lengths.

For 10 points each: For a function to be differentiable at a point, that point must have this property, which also appears in the Intermediate Value Theorem.

For 10 points, name the play written by Thornton Wilder in which the hymn “Blessed Be the Tie That Binds” is sung by a choir directed by Simon Stimson, and after dying during childbirth one character relives her twelfth birthday in Grover’s Corners with narration by the Stage Manager.

For 10 points each: Name the musical concept defined as the perceived distance between two notes, such as the major third between C and E.

For 10 points each: This interval is considered to be the least dissonant and is named for its width of eight scale degrees; C up to the next C is an example.

For 10 points each: Like chords, intervals can have this process applied to them, which reverses the order of their notes; changing a C–E–G chord to E–G–C is an example.

For 10 points, name these things regulated and maintained by DOTs that may meet in interchanges; users may pay tolls to access examples like the Pennsylvania Turnpike, and many are interstates driven on by cars.

For 10 points each: Name the conflict fought from 1846 to 1848 between the U.S. and its southern neighbor, which ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.

For 10 points each: During that war, the U.S. was led by the first “dark horse” president, associated with the slogan “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” during the Oregon Boundary Dispute. Name him.

For 10 points each: Polk used that war as an excuse to secretly encourage the “Bear Flag Revolt” that freed this West Coast state from Mexican control. Name the state.

For 10 points, name the Old English epic in which Unferth gives the hero a sword called Hrunting to defend Heorot, and a descendant of Cain is defeated when the title Danish hero kills Grendel.

For 10 points each: Name the film in which hypnosis sends protagonist Chris into a dark void called the “Sunken Place,” where he discovers that the Armitage family is transplanting the brains of old white people into young black people.

For 10 points each: Name the director of Get Out who later directed Us and first became famous through a sketch comedy duo with Keegan-Michael Key.

For 10 points each: Both Get Out and Us are films in this general genre, which frequently employs jump scares and is distinct from the “suspense” and “thriller” genres.

For 10 points, name the militaristic Greek city-state whose lawgiver Lycurgus devised the Great Rhetra, where young males trained in the agoge and King Leonidas died with 300 soldiers at Thermopylae.

For 10 points each: Name the erratic and allegedly cannibalistic African dictator who overthrew Milton Obote to take power in 1971 and later faced the Entebbe Raid.

For 10 points each: The Entebbe Raid followed after he harbored members of the PFLP who committed this type of crime by unlawfully seizing an airplane. Name the crime.

For 10 points each: Another of Idi Amin’s self-bestowed titles called him the conqueror of this empire, whose former African colonies include Egypt and Sudan. Name the empire.

For 10 points, name the abdominal organ attached to the wall by the falciform ligament; its Kupffer cells break down old red blood cells, the Cori cycle delivers lactic acid from muscles to it, and its scarring is called cirrhosis.

For 10 points each: Name the character beaten by his sister Mrs. Joe who visits the wedding gown–wearing Miss Havisham at Satis House and is disappointed to learn Bentley Drummle has married Estella.

For 10 points each: Pip appears in this rags-to-riches novel in which Abel Magwitch acts as his benefactor. Name the novel.

For 10 points each: Great Expectations is by this author, who also wrote about Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol. Name the author.

For 10 points, name the Texan president who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, pursued the Great Society and War on Poverty, and under whom the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

For 10 points each: Name the Claude Monet painting of the port of Le Havre at dawn that gave its name to the movement most associated with Monet.

For 10 points each: Monet painted multiple scenes of a “Japanese” one of these structures in his garden at Giverny and one crossing the River Thames in London. Name the structures.

For 10 points each: J. M. W. Turner’s painting The Great Western Railway depicts one of these vehicles steaming across a bridge. Name the vehicles.

For 10 points, name the force that resists motion between surfaces, has a namesake coefficient symbolized by the Greek letter mu, can be measured with a tribometer, and comes in static and kinetic varieties.

For 10 points each: Name the American revolutionary who delivers a “midnight message” in a poem that begins “on the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five.”

For 10 points each: That poem, “Paul Revere’s Ride,” is by this poet, who also described “by the shores of Gitchee Gumee” in The Song of Hiawatha. Name the poet.

For 10 points each: In The Song of Hiawatha, the title hero and his killer belong to this broader cultural group with tribes including the Ojibwe and Cherokee in the continental U.S. Name the group.