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Sono2080 Midterm Study Guide

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Cells that are organized into layers or masses that have common functions are known as

a)

Organelles

b)

Atoms

c)

Tissue

d)

Body systems

2.

Which body system regulates body chemistry and many body functions?

a)

Urinary

b)

Endocrine

c)

Digestive

d)

Circulatory

3.

The pancreas is located in which abdominal region?

a)

Right lumbar

b)

Epigastric

c)

Left iliac

d)

Hypogastric

4.

Which plane passes through the hilum of the kidneys?

a)

Transpyloric

b)

Midinguinal

c)

Intertubercular

d)

Subcostal

5.

The linea alba is found in the

a)

Abdominal wall

b)

Median accurate ligament

c)

External oblique muscle

d)

Crus of the diaphragm

6.

The membrane that covers an internal organ is known as the

a)

Greater omentum

b)

Mesotheliom

c)

Visceral peritoneum

d)

Parietal peritoneum

7.

The adrenal glands may be found

a)

Along the superior medial border of the kidneys

b)

Along the inferior medial border of the kidneys

c)

Along the lateral border of the kidneys

d)

Along the superior lateral border of the kidneys

8.

The clinical significance of peritoneal recesses is

a)

Hydronephrosis may accumulate in the recesses

b)

Organs may be displaced into the recesses

c)

Gallstones may collect in the recesses

d)

Fluid and infection may accumulate in the recesses

9.

The portal veins carry blood from the

a)

Intestinal tract

b)

Splenic artery

c)

Hepatic artery

d)

Peripheral venous system

10.

The celiac trunk branches into three vessels. The cystic artery is one of these three vessels. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

11.

The portal venous system receives blood from the kidneys. True or False

a)

True

b)

False

12.

What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

a)

Superior mesenteric vein

b)

Splenic vein

c)

Inferior mesenteric vein

d)

Renal artery

13.

The duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by the

a)

Splenic artery and left gastric artery

b)

Gastroduodenal artery and right gastric artery

c)

Superior mesenteric artery

d)

Hepatic artery and cystic artery

14.

Which vessels pass anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

a)

Hepatic artery

b)

Left renal vein

c)

Superior mesenteric artery

d)

Portal vein

15.

The distribution of the superior mesenteric artery is to the

a)

Distal half of the colon and the liver

b)

Proximal half of the colon and the small intestines

c)

Large intestine and the distal half of the colon

d)

Small intestine and the distal half of the colon

16.

Which vein begins at the hilum of the spleen joining the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein?

a)

Splenic

b)

Superior mesenteric

c)

Portal

d)

Pancreatic

17.

The most common site for echinococcus growth is in the

a)

Liver

b)

Pancreas

c)

Spleen

d)

Kidneys

18.

The amebic abscess may reach the liver through the

a)

Hepatic artery

b)

Inferior vena cava

c)

Portal vein

d)

Bile duct

19.

What benign liver tumor is located near the free edge of the liver and is solitary, well-circumscribed, and a nonencapsulated multinodular mass?

a)

Hepatic adenoma

b)

Focal nodular hyperplasia

c)

Cavernous hemangioma

d)

Hepatocellular carcinoma

20.

Common malignancies affecting the pediatric population include hepatoblastoma. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

21.

An abnormal decrease in platelets may be the result of an

a)

Allergic reaction

b)

Internal hemorrhage

c)

Infection

d)

Bone marrow disorder

22.

The normal sonographic appearance of the splenic parenchyma is

a)

Homogeneous and slightly more echogenic than the liver

b)

Hypoechoic compared with the kidney

c)

Hyperechoic compared with the liver

d)

Heterogeneous

23.

In the early stages of sickle cell anemia, the spleen generally appears

a)

Enlarged

b)

Atrophied

c)

Heterogeneous

d)

Hyperechoic

24.

The statement describes the correct anatomic location of structures adjacent to the spleen: The left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

25.

The function of the spleen: destruction of white blood cells. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

26.

The splenic artery courses along the

a)

Inferior border

b)

Superior border

c)

Anterior surface

d)

Posterior surface

27.

If the celiac axis is well visualized, the sonographers should move the transducer in the direction to image the pancreas.

a)

Superior

b)

Lateral

c)

Inferior

d)

Oblique

28.

The main pancreatic duct joins the before entering the second part of the duodenum.

a)

Hepatic duct

b)

Cystic duct

c)

Splenic vein

d)

CBD

29.

Clinical signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis include severe lower abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

30.

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the United States is

a)

Biliary tract disease

b)

Alcohol abuse

c)

Pancreatic trauma

d)

Viral infection

31.

The exocrine function of the pancreas is performed by the

a)

Islets of Langerhans

b)

Acini cells

c)

Beta cells

d)

Alpha cells

32.

Gallstones are present in 40% to 60% of patients with

a)

Chronic pancreatitis

b)

Pancreatic carcinoma

c)

Acute pancreatitis

d)

Diabetes mellitus

33.

In cases of acute pancreatitis, the parenchyma of the pancreas generally appears

a)

Hyperechoic

b)

Anechoic

c)

Isoechoic

d)

Hypoechoic

34.

The mesentery projects from the parietal peritoneum attaching to the

a)

Large intestine

b)

Duodenum

c)

Stomach

d)

Small intestine

35.

Which structure is often visualized on a sagittal ultrasound as a 'bull's eye' or target pattern anterior to the aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver?

a)

Pancreatic duct

b)

Common bile duct

c)

Ligamentum teres

d)

Gastroesophageal junction

36.

The statement about gastric carcinoma: Gastric carcinoma is the ninth leading cause of death. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

37.

The sonographic characteristics of lymphoma of the stomach include: relatively large and hyperechoic appearance. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

38.

Small bowel obstruction is associated with

a)

Dilation of the bowel loops distal to the site of the obstruction

b)

Dilation of the bowel loops proximal to the site of the obstruction

c)

Collapsed bowel loops proximal to the site of the obstruction

d)

Polyploid masses throughout the obstruction

39.

Acute appendicitis may be seen on a transverse sonogram as a

a)

Hypoechoic

b)

Hyperechoic

c)

Target-shaped

d)

Anechoic

40.

The target-shaped body is located in the midline anterior to the pancreas body.

a)

Fundus

b)

Body

c)

Gastric antrum

d)

Pyloric canal

41.

The best way to distinguish the hepatic from the portal veins is portal veins empty into the inferior vena cava. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

42.

The primary functions of the liver include bile storage. True or False?

a)

true

b)

false

43.

The statement regarding collateral circulation: The veins of the ascending colon anastamose with the portal vein. True or False?

a)

True

b)

false

44.

Which is noted in type 1 glycogen storage disease?

a)

hypoechioc liver with splenomegaly

b)

normal liver echotexture

c)

hyperechoic, attenuating liver, and hepatomegaly

d)

calcified hepatic lesions

45.

The common bile duct is joined by the main pancreatic duct. Together they open through the ____ into the duodenal wall.

a)

Ampulla of Vater

b)

sphincter of Oddi

c)

ligament of Treitz

d)

hepatopancreatic recess

46.

A fusiform dilation of the common bile duct is known as ____.

a)

Biliary atresia

b)

choledochal cyst

c)

cholangiocarcinoma

d)

gallstone ileus

47.

Inflammation of the gallbladder is known as ____.

a)

Cholangitis

b)

pancreatitis

c)

hepatitis

d)

cholecystitis

48.

A condition causing RUQ pain in which small polyploid masses from the gallbladder wall demonstrating “comet tail” artifact is ___.

a)

Gallbladder carcinoma

b)

acute cholecystitis

c)

adenomyomatosis

d)

biliary sludge

49.

The sonographic appearance of cholelithiasis is best described as ____.

a)

Mobile echogenic focus demonstrating a comet tail artifact

b)

fixed hypoechoic mass

c)

non-mobile anechoic focus

d)

diffuse gallbladder wall thickening

50.

The most common cause of biliary ductal obstruction is the presence of a ductal ___.

a)

Polyp

b)

tumor

c)

parasite

d)

hematoma

51.

A thick calcified gallbladder wall describes which condition?

a)

Acute cholecystitis

b)

emphysematous cholecystitis

c)

porcelain gallbladder

d)

gallbladder hydrops

52.

Which best describes non-shadowing, low-amplitude echoes in a dependent gallbladder?

a)

Gallstones

b)

sludge

c)

polyps

d)

air

53.

The statement about the spleen: The spleen is located within the retroperitoneum. True or False?

a)

true

b)

false

54.

Lymph nodes emerge from the splenic hilum and course along the ___.

a)

Renal vein

b)

splenic artery

c)

splenic vein

d)

renal artery

55.

Splenomegaly may result from the subphrenic abscess. True or False?

a)

True

b)

false

56.

The sonographic findings of Crohn’s disease may include calcification. True or False?

a)

true

b)

false

57.

A lymphocele may be defined as a ___.

a)

Lymph-filled space without a distinct epithelial lining

b)

blood-filled cystic structure

c)

encapsulated abscess containing pus

d)

serous fluid collection with epithelial lining

58.

The superior portion of the subhepatic space is called ____.

a)

Lesser sac

b)

Morison’s pouch

c)

Hepatopetal recess

d)

subphrenic space

59.

The ___ is able to adhere to diseased organs.

a)

Lesser omentum

b)

mesentery

c)

greater omentum

d)

falciform ligament

60.

On ultrasound, a discrete linear echogenicity in the deepest layer of the anterior abdominal wall is the ____.

a)

Posterior rectus sheath

b)

linea alba

c)

subcutaneous fascia

d)

peritoneal line