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WorksheetsDiseases & Disorders of the Hair, Nails, Scalp & Skin
Total questions: 96
Worksheet time: 48mins
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. All of the following contribute to acne development EXCEPT ________.
Propionibacterium acne (P. acnes) on the surface of the skin
overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands
hereditary tendency for skin to retain dead cells in the follicle
oxidation of dead cell buildup in the follicle
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Which example is an intrinsic factor that influences skin aging?
overuse of harsh facial cleansers that dry out the sebaceous glands
use of cosmetic products that contain large amounts of oils that clog follicles
extended use of hormonal birth control pills
repetitive facial expressions
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. All of the following are examples of primary lesions EXCEPT ________.
cysts
pustules
ulcers
tumors
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. How is an ulcer an example of a secondary lesion?
An ulcer is a lesion that is raised above the surface of the surrounding skin.
An ulcer is an open lesion that may weep fluid or pus.
An ulcer is a lesion that can create a critical situation for someone with an underlying medical condition.
An ulcer has a 5-year survival rate of under 50 percent if left untreated.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. A client has an appointment for a facial and asks whether to reschedule. There is a new lesion on the nostril in the same place where there previously was a lesion that lasted for 3 weeks. What is a likely explanation for this lesion?
It is a bacterial infection of Staphylococcus causing the weeping lesions of impetigo around the nasal passages.
It is a case of rosacea that appears on the cheeks and nose and can present as pustular-type breakouts.
It is the skin cancer squamous cell carcinoma, which is characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules.
It is a viral infection of herpes simplex 1, which often presents as a recurring vesicle on the lips, nostrils, or other part of the face.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Which skin pigmentation disorder is a genetic condition in which there is an absence of melanin pigment in the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes?
vitiligo
albinism
leukoderma
chloasma
Which type of skin cancer is characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules?
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
actinic keratosis
malignant melanoma
Which hair disorder causes terminal hair to grow on areas of a woman's body where terminal hair typically does not grow?
hirsuties
hypertrichosis
monilethrix
canities
Which skin pigmentation change is a hormonal disorder that appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills?
nevus
lentigines
chloasma
melasma
Which nail disorder is associated with damaged skin around the nail plate that becomes split or torn?
hangnails
onychorrhexis
pincer nail
plicatured nail
A client expresses frustration with continued thinning hair following a prolonged medical situation, during which the client did not receive adequate nutrition. On the advice of the healthcare provider, the client followed an improved nutrition diet, but after 2 months there has been no improvement in hair density. What advice should a cosmetologist give the client?
The client should consult with the healthcare provider about the possibility of using a medication like Minoxidil or Finasteride to stimulate hair growth.
The client should consider a temporary option, such as a wig or hair extensions, as the hair growth is unlikely to improve.
The client should continue the improved nutrition diet and wait for results as there has not yet been enough time for the hair follicles to regenerate.
The client should take a pregnancy test as pregnancy can lead to hair loss.
Severe nail inflammations in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is known as ________.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pyogenic granuloma
Onycholysis
Tinea pedis
Which type of alopecia is defined as hair loss in round or irregularly shaped patches caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles?
androgenic alopecia
alopecia totalis
postpartum alopecia
alopecia areata
Which of the following nail disorders show signs of depressions running across the width of the nail plate due to a slowing production of matrix cells, which causes the nail plate to grow thinner and is usually the result of serious illness or injury?
bruised nail bed
Beau's lines
eggshell nail
discolored nail
What is a contagious, recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores?
herpes simplex I
herpes dermatitis
psoriasis
eczema
How is nevus like vitiligo?
Nevus and vitiligo are both skin disorders that result from repeated pressure or friction on the skin.
Nevus and vitiligo are both skin pigment disorders.
Nevus and vitiligo are both skin disorders caused by damage to the skin surface, such as a burn or a scar.
Nevus and vitiligo are both skin disorders caused by cumulative sun exposure.
The following are all treatments for mild forms of acne EXCEPT ________.
exfoliation treatments that gently slough dead skin cells
harsh facial cleansers that remove the buildup of sebum
foamy rinse-off products that remove dirt, debris, and oil
toners that treat excessively oily skin
Which sentence best describes visible differences in lesions that can be used to classify the lesion as either a primary or a secondary lesion?
Primary lesions are a different color than the surrounding skin, whereas secondary lesions have an accumulation of material on the skin surface.
Primary lesions are typically red or pink in color, whereas secondary lesions typically appear gray or purple in color.
Primary lesions are closed wounds, whereas secondary lesions discharge watery fluid or pus.
Primary lesions are flat compared to the surrounding skin, whereas secondary lesions protrude above the surface of the surrounding skin.
Which nail disorder is associated with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus?
hangnails
infected finger
leukonychia
melanonychia
Which type of skin cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 66 percent once the cancer reaches local lymph nodes?
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
actinic keratosis
malignant melanoma
Which of the following is a nail disease associated with bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate, causing pus, swelling, and redness?
onychomadesis
paronychia
nail psoriasis
eggshell nail
Which of the following nail diseases is associated with rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection, and in early stages is seen as a yellow-green spot?
onycholysis
paronychia
tinea pedis
pseudomonas aeruginosa
All the following are examples of secondary lesions EXCEPT ________.
macules
crusts
scales
fissures
Why is it important to understand nail disorders and diseases?
You must be able to recognize conditions to be able to diagnose and provide in-salon treatment.
You must be able to identify conditions and prescribe at-home treatments.
You must be able to identify conditions and determine if they can be treated in the salon.
You must be able to recognize conditions so you do not work on any nails with diseases or disorders.
Which nail disorder is associated with significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by increased pigment cells?
pincer nail
infected finger
ridged nail
melanonychia
If a client's hair is brittle and there are circular-shaped lesions on the scalp with red spots at the opening of the hair follicles, the client is likely infected with _____.
malassezia
tinea capitis
sarcoptes scabiei
streptococcus
All of the following are examples of extrinsic factors that influence skin aging EXCEPT ______.
UV radiation
alcohol use
gravity
pollution
What type of skin inflammation is caused by contact with certain ingredients or chemicals?
contact dermatitis
eczema
psoriasis
seborrheic dermatitis
What is a scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp?
tinea capitis
pediculosis furuncle
tinea favosa
tinea barbae
Trichoptilosis is the technical term for _____.
split ends
hair loss
knotted hair
beaded hair
_____ refers to a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.
Excoriation
Stain
Psoriasis
Keratoma
Which description best matches a keratoma?
red patches covered with silver-white scales
a small spot or blemish on the skin
a superficial, thickened patch of epidermis
a small brown or flesh-colored skin outgrowth
Which of the following nail disorders displays as dark purplish spots usually due to a small injury to the nail bed?
bruised nail bed
ridged nail
onychophagy
splinter hemorrhage
Which treatment is recommended for a client with trichorrhexis nodosa?
the medication Minoxidil
softening the hair with conditioners
laser hair removal
cutting the hair above the damage
An example of a parasitic infection is ________.
furuncles
carbuncles
folliculitis
pediculosis capitis
All of the following are reasons cosmetologists should understand the skin's disorders and diseases EXCEPT __________.
Providing skin care services requires an understanding of the skin's structure and common skin problems.
Recommending appropriate skin care preparations to clients requires thorough knowledge of the skin and potential disorders.
Recognizing when salon services can be safely performed is crucial to managing a safe practice.
Recommending medications to treat skin conditions requires an understanding of common skin disorders.
Which skin hypertrophy is characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales?
psoriasis
keratoma
verruca
eczema
What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum?
pityriasis capitis
tinea favosa
pityriasis papules
pityriasis steatoides
Which sentence best defines rosacea?
tiny benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening
a skin condition caused by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands that is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, stubborn dandruff, crusting, and/or itchiness
a chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing that can progress to pustular-type breakouts
a condition involving visible capillaries commonly found on the face, particularly around the nose, cheeks, and chin
What is impetigo?
an uncomfortable inflammatory skin disease characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching
a recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore
an eye infection that may be caused by a bacterium or a virus
a contagious bacterial skin infection usually caused by Staphylococcus bacteria and characterized by weeping lesions
_____ is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance.
Sensitization
Impetigo
Anhidrosis
Conjunctivitis
What nail disorder is associated with damage to the capillaries under the nail?
hangnail
ridged nail
nail pterygium
splinter hemorrhage
Nail services are governed under _______________.
podiatry
cosmetology
dermatology
trichology
What nail disorder is associated with nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis, and bed discolorations?
nail psoriasis
onychophagy
melanonychia
Beau's lines
Each of the following hair disorders is characterized by brittle hair EXCEPT ______.
trichorrhexis nodosa
monilethrix
hirsuties
fragilitas crinium
What is the cause of pityriasis?
parasitic infection
gene mutation
bacterial infection
fungal infection
The following are all reasons a cosmetologist should understand hair and scalp disorders and diseases EXCEPT.
Knowledge of scalp and hair disorders allows a cosmetologist to recognize what is treatable by a cosmetologist and what should be referred to a healthcare provider.
Understanding the cause of a client's hair loss is necessary to determine which surgical hair replacement techniques to recommend.
Identifying the differences between common and irregular hair loss helps a cosmetologist to better recommend hair loss treatments to clients.
Recognizing communicable scalp and hair conditions is part of a cosmetologist's infection control responsibilities.
What is one way that sun exposure negatively affects the skin?
The natural weakening of collagen and elastin fibers happens at a much faster rate.
The sudoriferous glands discharge foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet.
The epidermis acquires superficial thickening in patches.
The skin develops hypopigmented spots and splotches.
What nail disorder is associated with a dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, where it might curl in upon itself?
eggshell nail
onychophagy
pincer nail
splinter hemorrhage
The following are all causes of hair loss EXCEPT.
pregnancy
insufficient diet
extreme stress
autoimmune disorders
All of the following are recommended to help cosmetologists prevent contact dermatitis EXCEPT:
Wear gloves when working with irritating chemicals.
Keep brush handles, containers, and tabletops clean and free from product, dust, and residue.
Keep tools, equipment, and surfaces clean and disinfected.
Sensitize the skin to the irritant by exposing it to larger and larger amounts.
Which type of glove is recommended for cosmetologists?
cotton
rubber
nitrile
latex
The scope of practice for cosmetologists and nail technicians can be found in state cosmetology laws or statutes under.
Reports
Summary
Outline
Definitions
What is a condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft?
fragilitas crinium
trichorrhexis nodosa
alopecia areata
hypertrichosis
Which nail disorder is associated with whitish spots of discoloration of the nails and is usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix?
onychophagy
bruised nail bed
leukonychia
Beau's lines
What is the name given to the chronic skin disease characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching?
conjunctivitis
rosacea
impetigo
eczema
What hair disorder is caused by loss of the hair's natural pigment?
trichoptilosis
hypertrichosis
hirsuties
canities
All of the following can affect the amount of time that a sunscreen offers protection to the skin EXCEPT.
overuse of alcoholic beverages
the altitude of the location
the clothing worn
the time of day
Which of the following nail disorders shows as a noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal and is usually caused by improper diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, or overfiling with an abrasive?
pincer nail
Beau's lines
eggshell nail
nail psoriasis
What is the most appropriate process to distinguish pityriasis and pediculosis capitis?
Examine the scalp closely to determine whether the foreign matter is loose or attached to hair strands.
Examine the scalp closely to determine whether the infection affects the tissue around a single hair strand or whether the infection is clustered.
Consult with the client to determine whether the client is experiencing itchiness or not.
Examine the scalp to determine whether the infection has a distinct odor or not.
Select the most appropriate response for when a cosmetologist has a client with an eye infection that covers the whites of the eye and the eye is covered with a crusty substance.
Advise client that they may have pinkeye, which is highly contagious and should be addressed in consultation with a healthcare provider.
Wear protective gloves when servicing clients, and clean and disinfect all tools, equipment, and surfaces immediately after finishing service.
Decline to perform any services on the face, but to be sensitive, offer to perform another service, such as on the nails.
Decline to service clients, and suggest they seek medical advice without speculating as to what is causing the eye condition.
Which of the following nail disorders shows symptoms of the nail turning a variety of colors, which may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation?
leukonychia
onychorrhexis
melanonychia
discolored nail
What is the technical term for beaded hair?
canities
hyperkeratosis
trichinosis
monilethrix
All of the following are examples of disorders of the sudoriferous glands EXCEPT.
anhidrosis
acne vulgaris
ayperhidrosis
miliaria rubra
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called.
acne rosacea
impetigo
scale dermatitis
seborrheic dermatitis
A ______ is a small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin.
stain
sebaceous cyst
skin tag
keratoma
Which of the following is used to enhance the appearance of an individual?
medical practices
medical devices
beauty services
drugs
Which of the following statements is true about alopecia areata?
Alopecia areata most often begins in childhood.
Alopecia areata is most easily identified by scalp inflammation.
Alopecia areata is also known as male pattern baldness and does not affect women.
Alopecia areata causes the loss of all terminal hair on the body.
The following are all changes that occur over time in existing moles and could be indications that the mole is cancerous EXCEPT.
The mole's edges are ragged or notched.
One half of the mole does not match the other half.
Large, dark hairs grow out of the mole.
The mole's color is not the same all over.
Jessica notices that a few toes on her client's feet seem to have a fungal infection. Jessica suggests that the client start a regimen of regular foot soaks as well as using tea tree oil, and that if she does this, she doesn't need to see a podiatrist. Jessica's manager overhears this conversation and is unhappy with Jessica's response. Why?
Clients only want their nails taken care of; they do not want medical advice.
Clients can become embarrassed by discussing a fungal infection.
Nail technicians do not get paid to be doctors and should not offer free medical advice.
Cosmetologists should not provide any medical advice.
is also known as athlete's foot.
Herpes simplex
Verruca
Tinea manus
Tinea pedis
Which sentence best describes the difference between an open comedo and a closed comedo?
An open comedo is a lesion from which pus has discharged onto the skin surface, whereas a closed comedo is a lesion in which pus is still contained in the lesion.
An open comedo is a lesion with a visible opening in the skin, whereas a closed comedo is a lesion without a visible opening in the skin.
An open comedo is a whitehead in which the sebum has been exposed to the environment, whereas a closed comedo is a blackhead in which the sebum has not been exposed to the environment.
An open comedo is a blackhead in which the sebum has been exposed to the environment, whereas a closed comedo is a whitehead in which the sebum has not been exposed to the environment.
is the irregular stretching of the eponychium or hyponychium around the nail plate.
Nail pterygium
Plicatured nail
Ridged nail
Discolored nail
A cosmetologist is able provide treatment for
seborrheic dermatitis
scabies
trichoptilosis
folliculitis
What are indications that a client is infected with scabies?
The client complains of itchiness and a bumpy rash with blisters on the scalp.
The client complains of itchiness, and the scalp is oily and flaky.
The client complains of itchiness, and there are circular lesions on the scalp.
The client complains of itchiness, and there are small nits attached to the hair.
The complete loss of all body hair is known as
alopecia universalis
alopecia totalis
alopecia areata
androgenic alopecia
When performing a hand, nail, and skin analysis before a nail service, you need to observe the following EXCEPT
the nails' condition and length
the skin's condition
the client's tenderness to touch
the cleanliness of the skin
Between 80 and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by
genetic factors
tobacco use
poor diet
sun exposure
What behavior best explains why a client may be dealing with pediculosis capitis?
The client is in spaces, such as bathrooms and swimming pools, where proper cleaning and disinfecting procedures are not used.
The client is not being careful about limiting contact with other people's heads, both directly and indirectly.
The client's hair care makes use of excessive chemical and thermal treatments.
The client consumes a diet poor in nutrition.
are keratin-filled cysts that are usually associated with newborns and are commonly found around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead.
Milia
Moles
Skin tags
Cicatrixes
Which of the following is a reason cosmetologists should understand hair and scalp disorders and diseases?
Cosmetologists can better recommend client hair loss treatments if they can identify the differences between common and irregular hair loss.
Cosmetologists cannot recommend the use of Minoxidil or Finasteride unless they can identify the cause of the client's hair loss.
The proper use of cold caps as an option for chemotherapy patients requires an understanding of how hair and scalp disorders lead to hair loss.
Cosmetologists must be able to identify the type of fungal infection to know how to disinfect a client's scalp before performing services.
What standard should be used to determine when to treat a skin condition?
When treatment requires breaking the skin or treating an open wound the client should be referred to a healthcare provider.
Only a cosmetologist with a dedicated specialization in skin care therapies should treat skin conditions.
When in doubt, refer the client to a healthcare provider.
A cosmetologist should only treat skin conditions in the initial stages of development; a long-term skin condition should be referred to a healthcare provider.
A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a
secondary lesion
papule
freckle
stain
What would result if a cosmetologist treated a client with trichoptilosis by conditioning and moisturizing the hair?
The client's hair will see improved growth potential.
Nits would dislodge and be removed from the hair with a vigorous washing.
The hair would be softened, but the damage would not be repaired.
The hair will appear thicker than usual, which will camouflage the thin spots.
Which of the following is a nail disease associated with the separation of the nail plate and bed due to injury or allergic reactions?
onycholysis
ridged nail
tinea pedis
plicatured nail
What is the technical term for brittle hair?
hypertrichosis
pityriasis capitis simplex
pruritis
fragilitas crinium
is a common bacterial infection of the eye.
Excoriation
Eczema
Leukoderma
Conjunctivitis
Contrast the treatment you would recommend to a client for anhidrosis versus the treatment for bromhidrosis.
Anhidrosis can be improved by using a hydrating sunscreen, whereas bromhidrosis is unaffected by UV radiation.
Anhidrosis can be improved with a mild exfoliating treatment, whereas bromhidrosis treatment is outside the scope of a cosmetology license and requires a medical referral.
Anhidrosis can be life threatening and should be referred to a medical professional, whereas bromhidrosis only requires a medical referral in severe cases.
Anhidrosis can be helped by using a nonfatty skin care product, whereas bromhidrosis can be helped by exfoliation.
Which sentence best describes a client with the disorder monilethrix?
The client's hair has alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.
The client's hair is longer or thicker than usual.
The client's hair is knotted and brittle.
The client's hair has a beaded appearance due to narrowing of the hair shaft.
What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain?
alopecia
furuncle
capitis
tinea
Which of the following does not cause a nail disorder?
Hereditary
Injury
Hygiene
Disease of the nail unit
The following are all true statements about canities EXCEPT:
Canities can be caused by narrowing of the hair shaft.
Canities can be present at birth.
Canities can result from age and genetics.
Canities can result from extreme stress.
Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called
congenital alopecia
postpartum alopecia
involutional alopecia
androgenic alopecia
Proper cleaning and disinfecting the risk of spreading nail infections between clients
reduces
illiminates
stops
has nothing to do with
What characteristics can help identify a malignant melanoma?
scaly red or pink papules or nodules that may appear as open sores or crusty areas
black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture
pink or flesh-colored lesions that feel sharp or rough
light or pearly nodules felt on the skin
What is the medical term used to describe dandruff?
alopecia
selenium
pityriasis
pyrithione
