This is when the result is uncertain, and new insights are to be gained.

(a)  

This is more defined procedure which are the limits and results are clear.

(a)  

Determine if these materials comply with the giventechnical specifications and will fall within the requiredparameters

(a)  

Materials are tested to obtain their vital and beneficialproperties and determine how it can be advantageous inbuilding a certain structure.

(a)  

Researches are being conducted for existing equipmentto have better understanding of its usage.

(a)  

Materials are being tested up to its breaking point or until the material fails. It is said that this testing procedure is much easier to conduct because it results to more information regarding the material properties.

(a)  

This is the exact opposite of destructive testing. It is commonly used when the materials to be tested are still in service.

(a)  

It is a precise statement of a set of requirements, to besatisfied by a material, product, system or service. It isdesirable that the requirements, together with their limits,should be expressed numerically in appropriate units.

(a)  

A standard specification for a material is the result ofagreement between those concerned in a particular field andinvolves acceptance for use by participating agencies.

(a)  

The extent to which the customer or users feel the product or service surpasses their needs and expectations.

(a)  

Usually used in relation to something in need ofchecking or regulating due to some important andcompelling reasons.

(a)  

Ensure that only accredited Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete Batching Plants are used for AC and PCC production.

(a)  

Good skills, art, and/or technique are used to produce quality products in accordance with the appropriate construction methodology.

(a)  

Compliance with specified geometry (line and grades),dimensions, strength, tolerances in length, weight, height,camber, evenness, etc. in the approved plans andspecifications.

(a)  

A program of quality control works in a certain project, which involves the inspection and testing of materials to be incorporated into the work.

(a)  

In accordance with DO NO. 136, Series of 2016 – “DPWHStandard Specifications for Project Quality Assurance,Volume IV” , a proposed QAP was introduced that sets outto improve the delivery of quality infrastructure projects inline with its stated ISO Mission Statement.

(a)  

mass of a unit volume of a material; it can be obtained by dividing the total mass by its total volume.

(a)  

also known as the unit weight; this is the weight per unit volume of material.

(a)  

also known as void fraction; measure of the void (hollow space) in a material.

(a)  

this is the content of water contained in a material.

(a)  

this pertains to the ability of material to carry out heat.

(a)  

this pertains to the expansion or contraction of the material as the temperature changes.

(a)  

it is the resistance of a fluid that is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress.

(a)  

this pertains to the behavior of a material, specifically solid objects, which experiences stresses or strains.

(a)  

is the measurement that shows the change in length of the material divided by its original length.

(a)  

it is the maximum stress limit of a material wherein it cannot return to its original shape.

(a)  

this is the maximum stress that the material can take before breaking; also known as tensile strength.

(a)  

this is the ability of the material to deform when external force is applied and to return to its original state when the stress is eliminated.

(a)  

this is a proportional constant between stress and strain. It is defines stiffness and rigidity of a material, governs deflections and influences buckling behavior.

(a)  

this is the ability of the material to experience large amount of deformations without breaking before failure.

(a)  

this is a push on a member and tend to shorten it.

(a)  

this is created when forces pull on a member and tend to increase its length.

(a)  

produce forces that work in opposite directions parallel with the plane of the force, causing adjacent parts of a material to slide past one another.

(a)  

the rate the water flows through a material. Unit: Perm typically referred to as the perm rating; ex. a vapor retarder is defined as a material having a perm rating of 1.0 or less.

(a)  

this is a measure of the ability of a material to resist indentation or surface scratching. It is the result of several properties of a material, such as elasticity, ductility, brittleness and toughness.

(a)  

this is the ability of a material to resist a very rapidly applied load, such as the strike of a hammer. It is an indication of the toughness of a material. A material with high impact strength will absorb the energy of impact without fracturing. It is affected by strength and ductility.

(a)  

this is the resistance if a material to a cyclic load, one that varies in direction and/or magnitude. This is illustrated by bending a wire back and forth until it breaks. Most materials are lower in fatigue strength than they are in tensile strength.

(a)  

• are those that are related to the material’s response to heat. When a material is subjected to a change in temperature it may expand, contract, conduct or reflect heat.

• is that branch of physics that deals with the generation, transmission and control of sound waves. It considers the ability of a material to either absorb or reflect sound waves within a room.

• its tendency to undergo a chemical change or reaction due its composition and interaction with the environment. A chemical change can alter the original composition of material and thereby affect its properties.

• It means a mass of crushed stone, gravel, sand, etc, predominantly composed of individual particles, but in some cases including clays and silts.

• Aggregate particles that are retained on a 4.75 mm sieve.

• The smallest sieve through which 100% of the aggregates pass.

• is the process undergone by a material that has series of sequential degrees.

• It is an empirical numerical index that represents the average particle size and overall coarseness or fineness of an aggregate, particularly fine aggregate (sand), based on its particle size distribution obtained from sieve analysis.

• materials which were formed from clay, silt, sand, and gravel left by flowing streams like river.

• a sample of dry aggregates (with known weight) is filtered through a series of sieves with smaller openings. After the filtering process, the particles that were retained in each sieve will be weighted again and the obtained weight will be compared to the total initial weight of the sample before filtering.

• pertains to the weight of aggregate required to fill a specific amount of volume. This is essential for the balanced mixture of Portland Cement concrete.

• is the weight of the material divided by the weight of an equal volume of water.

• The appearance of an aggregate like shape and texture determines how well it will contain into a dense formation and determines the movement of it in the mixture.

• is the maximum amount that water aggregate can absorb.

• is the amount of water on the surface of the aggregate particle.

• This covers the temporary facilities and support the contractor must provide for the Engineer or project supervisor, such as offices, laboratories, and equipment. These ensure proper inspection, testing, supervision, and administration of the project.

• This includes overall project conditions and administrative rules not covered in other parts, such as safety, environmental protection, and traffic control. It sets the general obligations of the contractor during project execution.

• This section deals with excavation, embankment, grading, and compaction of soil and rock materials. It ensures proper ground preparation to provide a stable foundation for the structure or pavement.

• This covers the materials and construction of layers placed above the subgrade and below the surface course. These layers distribute loads, improve drainage, and increase pavement strength.

• This includes the construction of the top pavement layers such as concrete or asphalt surfacing. These layers provide a smooth, durable riding surface and protect underlying pavement layers.

• This section specifies requirements for constructing bridges, including foundations, substructures, and superstructures. It ensures structural integrity, safety, and durability of bridge components.

• This covers drainage systems like culverts, canals, and ditches, as well as slope protection works. These structures control water flow and prevent erosion or slope failure.

• This includes additional structures not classified in other parts, such as fences, guardrails, and road signs. These features improve safety, functionality, and project completeness.

• This provides detailed specifications and quality requirements for construction materials. It ensures that all materials used meet standard performance and durability criteria.