Wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

EES UNIT 1 GEOLOGY TEST

Total questions: 42

Worksheet time: 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Scarlett notices that water seeps into cracks in the sidewalk and freezes during winter, causing the cracks to widen over time. This process is categorized as what type of weathering?

a)

Physical

b)

Chemical

2.

Harper notices that the metal fence in her backyard has turned reddish-brown over time due to exposure to air and moisture. Categorize the type of weathering.

a)

Physical

b)

Chemical

3.

Emma notices that rainwater reacts with limestone rocks, causing them to slowly dissolve over time. Categorize the type of weathering.

a)

Physical

b)

Chemical

4.

Abigail visits a rocky hill and notices that the outer layers of rock are peeling off in sheets due to temperature changes. What type of weathering is this?

a)

Physical

b)

Chemical

5.

Sophia is walking along a rocky beach and notices that the rocks are getting smoother as waves crash against them. Categorize the following weathering.

a)

Physical

b)

Chemical

6.

When rainwater reacts with minerals in rocks and changes their chemical composition, what type of weathering is this an example of?

a)

Physical

b)

Chemical

7.

While hiking, Mia finds a rock with large crystal grains. How can she identify if it is an intrusive igneous rock?

a)

mineral foliation

b)

distinct gray coloration

c)

large crystal grains

d)

presence of fossils

8.

After hiking near a recently erupted volcano, Ethan notices rocks that have formed from the cooled lava. What would be the most typical type of rock found?

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

quartz

9.

Anika is hiking in a region where mountains are actively forming. She wonders which type of rock is most common during episodes of mountain formation. What should she expect to find?

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

granite

10.

Why are sedimentary rocks most common near water sources?

a)

because water acts as source of heat and pressure

b)

because water contributes to the weathering, erosion, and deposition of sediments

c)

because water cools and cristalizes magma

d)

because water can be evaporated and condenseed

11.

Why are fossils more commonly found within sedimentary rock formations?

a)

the processes that create sedimentary rock will protect and cover the fossils

b)

the processes that create igneous and metamorphic rock will destroy the fossils

c)

animals and plants can easily die near locations of sedimentary rock formation

d)

all of the above

12.

Why do metamorphic rocks have the characteristics of foliation?

a)

because of their closeness to the magma

b)

because of minerals being exposed to intense amounts of heat and pressure

c)

because of weathering and erosion from wind, water, ice and gravity

d)

because of the compaction and cementation of their mineral bands

13.

Jackson is hiking in a mountainous region and comes across a large outcrop of granite. Considering the classification of granite, how was this rock formed?

a)

metamorphism of a non-foliated rock

b)

compaction of marble

c)

cooling and crystallization of an intrusive rock

d)

weathering and erosion of a clastic rock

14.

What would be the best source of humus in soil?

a)

dead fungi,bacteria and plants

b)

acid precipitation

c)

crystallized magma

d)

eroding bedrock

15.

Which of the following is the correct order of the sedimentary rock process?

a)

deposition, erosion, compaction & cementation , weathering

b)

erosion,deposition, weathering, compaction& cementation

c)

weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction & cementation

d)

compaction & cementation, weathering, erosion, deposition

16.

Which of the following has the highest potential for erosion?

a)

water gently flowing across the plains

b)

wind blowing along the desert

c)

water flowing down a steep slope of a mountain

d)

wind blowing materials in the air, upward against the force of gravity

17.

Hannah is studying rocks in her backyard. She notices that some rocks have changed in size, while others have changed in their mineral composition. How are the process of chemical and physical weathering different?

a)

only chemical weathering involves water

b)

only chemical weathering changes the minerals within a rock

c)

only physical weathering involves water

d)

only physical weathering makes rocks smaller

18.

Benjamin is studying rocks in a mountain region where magma has recently come into contact with existing rock layers, and there is also evidence of strong regional pressure from plate movement. What type of rock is most likely to form in these conditions?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

d)

all of the above

19.

While hiking, Liam finds different types of rocks. He wants to classify them as clastic, crystalline, or organic. Which type of rock can be classified this way?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

d)

all of the above

20.

Arjun is studying rocks in his backyard. He finds a rock that was formed from the processes of compaction and cementation. Choose the correct answer for the type of rock Arjun found.

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

d)

all of the above

21.

While hiking, Maya finds a rock that has air bubbles and looks glassy in appearance. Choose the correct answer for the type of rock Maya found.

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

d)

all of the above

22.

How are creep and mass wasting different?

a)

creep occurs quickly in a short period of time and mass wasting occurs slowly over time

b)

creep occurs slowly over time and mass wasting occurs quickly in a short period of time

c)

creep is due to gravity and mass wasting is due to the action of water

d)

creep is due to the action of water and mass wasting is due to gravity

23.

Grace is studying how different climates affect the weathering rate of Earth's surface bedrock in various regions. Why does climate have the greatest influence on the weathering rate of Earth's surface bedrock?

a)

because climate will change the angle of insolation to cause rocks to weather faster

b)

because climate will directly affectthe age of the bedrock

c)

because climate will either speed up or slow down the processes of chemical and physical weathering

d)

because climate will decreasethe air pressure and biological activity of a region

24.

Aiden is visiting a beach and notices the formation of dunes along the shore. These beach dunes are formed by which transporting agent/agents?

a)

water

b)

glaciers

c)

both wind and water

d)

wind

25.

While visiting the Outer Banks Barrier Islands of North Carolina, Mia wonders which agent of erosion was responsible for forming these islands. Which agent do you think it is?

a)

rivers

b)

wind

c)

glaciers

d)

waves

26.

How do Tropical soils differ from the soils found in North Carolina?

a)

the B horizon will be thinner due to a lack of accumulation

b)

the C horizon will be thicker due to mechanical weathering

c)

the A horizon will be thinner due to erosion and leaching

d)

the O horizon will be absent due to quicker weather rates

27.

Matching — Write the letter of the answer to match each item in the first column with its correct match in the second column. Match each horizon of soil with the correct definition.

a)

Partially weathered bedrock

1.

C horizon

b)

Zone of accumulation where minerals leached from above collect

2.

B horizon

c)

Solid bedrock

3.

D horizon

d)

called topsoil and consists of sediments and humus

4.

A horizon

28.

Which of the following is not a sustainable farming technique used to control/prevent erosion?

a)

contour plowing

b)

rotating crops each season

c)

slash and burn

d)

planting wind breaks along edges

29.

Which type of weathering is most common in North Carolina?

a)

erosional

b)

chemical

c)

equal amount physical and chemical

d)

physical

30.

James is breaking a large rock into smaller pieces in his backyard. Why will the rock weather more rapidly after it is broken into smaller particles?

a)

there is more surface area exposed

b)

the total mass of the rock and the particles reduced

c)

the smaller particles are less dense

d)

the minerals structure of the rockk has been changed

31.

At high elevations in North Carolina, which is the most common form of physical weathering?

a)

abrasion of rocks by the wind

b)

alternate freezing and melting water

c)

dissolving minerals into solutions

d)

oxidation by oxygen in the atmosphere

32.

Chemical weathering will occur most rapidly when rocks are exposed to the:

a)

hydrosphere and geosphere

b)

biosphere and thermosphere

c)

hydrosphere and atmosphere

d)

lithosphere and atmosphere

33.

Kai is studying two hills: one with soil above limestone and another with soil above quartzite. He notices that the soil above limestone is much thicker than the soil over quartzite. Which explains why this is the case?

a)

the limestone is harder than quartzite

b)

quartzite is older than limestone

c)

quartzite forms from molten magma

d)

limestone is less resistant to weathering than the quartzite

34.

Emma is studying soil in her backyard and notices that the soil has different layers, or horizons. These horizons develop as a result of:

a)

evaporation and respiration

b)

compacting and cementing

c)

weathering and biological activity

d)

faulting and folding

35.

The composition of sediments on the Earth's surface usually is quite different from the composition of the underlying bedrock. This observation suggest that most:

a)

bedrock is formed from sediments

b)

bedrock is resistant to weathering

c)

sediments are residual

d)

sediments are transported

36.

Hannah is collecting rocks for her science project. Which of the following is true about the rocks she might find?

a)

most rocks are a mixture of minerals and other substances

b)

coal is not considered to be a true rock

c)

rocks do not contain any nonmetal matter

d)

rocks are composed of only one mineral

37.

Which is a farming technique that could improve the soil and the environment?

a)

using fueled machines that will turn the soil continuously

b)

creating undisturbed layers of mulch in the soil to create more permeability

c)

placing inorganic chemical fertilizers in the soil

d)

irrigating the soil with salty water

38.

How could the removal of trees and other vegetation impact an environment?

a)

by increasing oxygen production

b)

by increasing soil formation

c)

by increasing transpiration

d)

by increasing erosion

39.

Why should the farming industry adopt sustainable practices?

a)

to increase the use of irrigation systems

b)

to increase the number of non‑point sources of water pollution

c)

to increase the use of fertilizers

d)

to reduce the environmental degradation and economic losses

40.

Nora is starting a garden and wants to use the best type of soil for her plants. She learns that fertile soil composed of the same proportions of sand, silt, clay, and organic matter is ideal. What is this type of soil called?

a)

karst topography

b)

loam

c)

gravel

d)

stalagmites

41.

Using the triangle provided, find the type of soil for the following sample: 75% sand, 10% silt, 15% clay.

a)

sandy loam

b)

sandy clay loam

c)

silt loam

d)

clay loam

42.

Using the triangle provided, find the type of soil for the following sample: 10% sand, 83% silt, 7% clay.

a)

silt

b)

silt loam

c)

clay

d)

loam