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Vital Signs, Blood Disorders, NCDs, and Endocrine System

Total questions: 147

Worksheet time: 1hrs 14mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is considered a vital sign?

a)

Height

b)

Weight

c)

Respiratory rate

d)

Hair color

2.

Normal adult body temperature is typically:

a)

35–36°C

b)

36.5–37.5°C

c)

37.5–38.5°C

d)

38–39°C

3.

Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate of:

a)

>100 bpm

b)

<60 bpm

c)

60–100 bpm

d)

<50 bpm

4.

Tachycardia refers to:

a)

Slow breathing

b)

Fast heart rate

c)

Low blood pressure

d)

High oxygen saturation

5.

A pulse is measured in:

a)

Beats per hour

b)

Beats per minute

c)

Millimeters of mercury

d)

Oxygen percentage

6.

Normal adult respiratory rate is:

a)

8–14 breaths/min

b)

10–18 breaths/min

c)

12–20 breaths/min

d)

15–25 breaths/min

7.

Which device is used to measure SpO2?

a)

Thermometer

b)

Pulse oximeter

c)

Sphygmomanometer

d)

Stethoscope

8.

Red flags for vital signs include:

a)

Temp 37°C

b)

HR 60 bpm

c)

SpO2 90%

d)

BP 110/70 mmHg

9.

Hypothermia occurs when body temperature is:

a)

<35°C

b)

>38°C

c)

>40°C

d)

36.5°C

10.

Which of the following is considered the 6th optional vital sign?

a)

Pain

b)

Height

c)

Weight

d)

Eye color

11.

The liquid portion of blood is called:

a)

Plasma

b)

Platelets

c)

RBCs

d)

WBCs

12.

Which formed element is responsible for oxygen transport?

a)

Platelets

b)

WBCs

c)

RBCs

d)

Plasma

13.

Hemophilia is a disorder affecting:

a)

RBCs

b)

WBCs

c)

Platelets/clotting

d)

Plasma proteins

14.

Sickle cell anemia results from:

a)

Low iron intake

b)

Abnormally shaped RBCs

c)

WBC deficiency

d)

Platelet malfunction

15.

Thalassemia is:

a)

An infectious disease

b)

Genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin

c)

Caused by iron deficiency

d)

Blood clotting disorder

16.

The normal lifespan of RBCs is:

a)

7–10 days

b)

30 days

c)

90 days

d)

120 days

17.

The ABO blood system includes all EXCEPT:

a)

A

b)

B

c)

AB

d)

AC

18.

Leukemia is:

a)

RBC deficiency

b)

Cancer of WBCs

c)

Platelet disorder

d)

Vitamin deficiency

19.

Which blood component fights infections?

a)

RBCs

b)

WBCs

c)

Platelets

d)

Plasma

20.

Septicemia refers to:

a)

Low blood sugar

b)

Blood infection

c)

High BP

d)

Liver failure

21.

Which disease is non-communicable?

a)

Influenza

b)

Tuberculosis

c)

Diabetes

d)

Measles

22.

Which NCD is known as a “silent killer”?

a)

Diabetes

b)

Hypertension

c)

Asthma

d)

Cancer

23.

COPD primarily affects:

a)

Heart

b)

Lungs

c)

Liver

d)

Kidneys

24.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by:

a)

Insulin resistance

b)

No insulin production

c)

Excess insulin

d)

Temporary hyperglycemia

25.

Major modifiable risk factors for NCDs include:

a)

Age and gender

b)

Smoking and obesity

c)

Genetic predisposition

d)

Family history

26.

Hypertension can lead to all EXCEPT:

a)

Stroke

b)

Heart attack

c)

Kidney failure

d)

Diabetes

27.

Which of these is a chronic respiratory disease?

a)

Asthma

b)

Typhoid

c)

Malaria

d)

Influenza

28.

Type 2 diabetes is often caused by:

a)

Childhood onset only

b)

Pancreas not producing insulin

c)

Insulin resistance

d)

Viral infection

29.

Which cancer characteristic is correct?

a)

Controlled cell growth

b)

Uncontrolled division of cells

c)

Always inherited

d)

Only affects lungs

30.

NCDs account for approximately what percentage of global deaths?

a)

50%

b)

60%

c)

70%

d)

80%

31.

Which gland is called the “master gland” of the endocrine system?

a)

Thyroid

b)

Pituitary

c)

Adrenal

d)

Pineal

32.

The hypothalamus produces hormones that:

a)

Control heart rate

b)

Stimulate or inhibit the pituitary

c)

Directly produce insulin

d)

Filter blood

33.

TRH from the hypothalamus stimulates which hormone?

a)

T3

b)

T4

c)

TSH

d)

GH

34.

Which pituitary hormone stimulates bone and muscle growth?

a)

ACTH

b)

FSH

c)

GH

d)

ADH

35.

ACTH stimulates which gland?

a)

Thyroid

b)

Adrenal cortex

c)

Pancreas

d)

Pineal

36.

Which hormone regulates water balance by reducing urine production?

a)

Oxytocin

b)

GH

c)

ADH

d)

Aldosterone

37.

The thyroid produces:

a)

Insulin

b)

Cortisol

c)

T3 and T4

d)

ADH

38.

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by:

a)

Increasing kidney excretion

b)

Stimulating calcium absorption in intestines

c)

Depositing calcium in bones

d)

Breaking down calcium in bones

39.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) functions by:

a)

Lowering blood calcium

b)

Increasing blood calcium

c)

Regulating blood sugar

d)

Controlling metabolism

40.

Which hormone is released during stress to increase heart rate and blood pressure?

a)

Insulin

b)

Adrenaline

c)

GH

d)

TSH

41.

Insulin and glucagon are secreted by which organ?

a)

Thyroid

b)

Pancreas

c)

Pituitary

d)

Adrenal

42.

Glucagon raises blood glucose by:

a)

Promoting glycogen storage

b)

Stimulating glycogen breakdown in liver

c)

Increasing insulin production

d)

Slowing metabolism

43.

Estrogen is responsible for:

a)

Male secondary sexual characteristics

b)

Female reproductive cycles and secondary sexual characteristics

c)

Water balance

d)

Blood clotting

44.

Progesterone primarily:

a)

Stimulates muscle growth

b)

Maintains pregnancy

c)

Increases metabolism

d)

Regulates blood sugar

45.

Testosterone is secreted by:

a)

Ovaries

b)

Pineal gland

c)

Testes

d)

Adrenal cortex

46.

Melatonin is secreted by which gland?

a)

Pituitary

b)

Pineal

c)

Thyroid

d)

Adrenal

47.

Which hormone helps regulate circadian rhythms?

a)

Cortisol

b)

ADH

c)

Melatonin

d)

GH

48.

The adrenal cortex secretes all EXCEPT:

a)

Cortisol

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Androgens

d)

Epinephrine

49.

The adrenal medulla secretes:

a)

Insulin

b)

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

c)

T3 and T4

d)

Calcitonin

50.

Oxytocin is important for:

a)

Blood sugar regulation

b)

Kidney function

c)

Labor contractions and milk release

d)

Thyroid hormone production

51.

Damage to the hypothalamus may cause:

a)

Increased blood calcium only

b)

Multi-endocrine dysfunction

c)

Only insulin deficiency

d)

Only cortisol deficiency

52.

FSH and LH control:

a)

Metabolism

b)

Growth

c)

Reproduction

d)

Water balance

53.

Posterior pituitary stores hormones from:

a)

Thyroid

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Adrenal

d)

Pancreas

54.

Which hormone increases during fight-or-flight response?

a)

Insulin

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Adrenaline

d)

GH

55.

Cortisol regulates:

a)

Stress response and metabolism

b)

Blood glucose only

c)

Calcium deposition

d)

Sleep-wake cycle

56.

Aldosterone’s main function is:

a)

Regulate sodium and water balance

b)

Stimulate thyroid hormone

c)

Control blood glucose

d)

Promote growth

57.

Which gland regulates hunger, thirst, and temperature?

a)

Pineal

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Thyroid

d)

Adrenal

58.

Excess T3 and T4 can cause:

a)

Hypothyroidism

b)

Hyperthyroidism

c)

Diabetes

d)

Anemia

59.

Low T3 and T4 result in:

a)

Hyperthyroidism

b)

Hypothyroidism

c)

Increased adrenaline

d)

Diabetes

60.

Which hormone promotes glycogen storage in liver?

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Cortisol

d)

ADH

61.

Hormones are chemical messengers secreted into:

a)

Digestive tract

b)

Bloodstream

c)

Skin

d)

Nerves

62.

Which system acts faster than endocrine system?

a)

Immune

b)

Nervous

c)

Circulatory

d)

Digestive

63.

Endocrine glands release hormones:

a)

Through ducts

b)

Directly into blood

c)

Into lungs

d)

Into stomach

64.

Exocrine glands secrete:

a)

Hormones

b)

Enzymes via ducts

c)

Blood

d)

Insulin

65.

Cortisol excess may lead to:

a)

Cushing’s syndrome

b)

Addison’s disease

c)

Diabetes type 1

d)

Hyperthyroidism

66.

Addison’s disease results from:

a)

Excess cortisol

b)

Deficient cortisol

c)

Excess insulin

d)

Low T3/T4

67.

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

a)

Oxytocin

b)

Prolactin

c)

ADH

d)

Testosterone

68.

Pineal gland is located:

a)

Near kidneys

b)

In the brain

c)

In the neck

d)

On top of adrenal glands

69.

Which gland affects mood and reproductive cycles via melatonin?

a)

Thyroid

b)

Pineal

c)

Pancreas

d)

Pituitary

70.

Endocrine and nervous systems differ mainly in:

a)

Speed and duration of effect

b)

Hormone types

c)

Blood flow

d)

Organ size

71.

Diabetes results from:

a)

High blood calcium

b)

Poor regulation of blood glucose

c)

Low oxygen saturation

d)

High cholesterol

72.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by:

a)

Insulin resistance

b)

No insulin production

c)

High T3/T4 levels

d)

Liver failure

73.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when:

a)

Insulin is not produced at all

b)

Body becomes resistant to insulin

c)

Kidneys fail

d)

Thyroid overproduces hormones

74.

Gestational diabetes occurs:

a)

In childhood

b)

During pregnancy

c)

In old age

d)

Only in men

75.

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of diabetes?

a)

Excessive thirst

b)

Frequent urination

c)

Fatigue

d)

High blood calcium

76.

Which test measures average blood sugar over the past 3 months?

a)

Fasting Blood Sugar

b)

HbA1c

c)

CBC

d)

Urine analysis

77.

Diabetes can damage all EXCEPT:

a)

Eyes

b)

Kidneys

c)

Nerves

d)

Hair color

78.

First-line management of type 2 diabetes usually includes:

a)

Surgery

b)

Lifestyle changes and diet

c)

Radiation therapy

d)

Bone marrow transplant

79.

Hepatitis means:

a)

Kidney inflammation

b)

Liver inflammation

c)

Heart infection

d)

Lung disease

80.

Hepatitis A is commonly spread through:

a)

Blood transfusion

b)

Contaminated food or water

c)

Sexual contact

d)

Airborne droplets

81.

Hepatitis B can be transmitted via:

a)

Dirty water

b)

Infected blood or body fluids

c)

Air

d)

Contaminated food

82.

Hepatitis C often has:

a)

Immediate severe symptoms

b)

No symptoms for years

c)

Skin rash

d)

Only joint pain

83.

Which hepatitis types have vaccines?

a)

A & B

b)

B & C

c)

A & C

d)

C only

84.

A common symptom of hepatitis is:

a)

Jaundice

b)

High blood pressure

c)

Increased heart rate

d)

Diabetes

85.

Which organ produces bile to digest fats?

a)

Kidney

b)

Liver

c)

Heart

d)

Pancreas

86.

People with diabetes are more prone to which liver condition?

a)

Fatty liver

b)

Cirrhosis

c)

Gallstones

d)

Hepatitis A only

87.

Hepatitis can worsen diabetes by:

a)

Increasing insulin sensitivity

b)

Affecting liver glucose metabolism

c)

Reducing oxygen transport

d)

Increasing kidney filtration

88.

Which lifestyle factor protects both liver and diabetes?

a)

Healthy diet and exercise

b)

Smoking

c)

Excess sugar intake

d)

Sedentary lifestyle

89.

Antiviral drugs are used to treat:

a)

Hepatitis B & C

b)

Diabetes

c)

Kidney stones

d)

Thyroid disorders

90.

Yellowing of skin in hepatitis is called:

a)

Cyanosis

b)

Jaundice

c)

Edema

d)

Pallor

91.

Hepatitis B is chronic in:

a)

All cases

b)

Some cases

c)

None

d)

Only in children

92.

Proper hydration helps prevent:

a)

Kidney problems

b)

Diabetes type 1

c)

Hepatitis C

d)

Liver fibrosis

93.

Fatty liver is most closely associated with:

a)

Alcohol abuse and diabetes

b)

Type 1 diabetes only

c)

Viral infection only

d)

High calcium intake

94.

Which test evaluates liver function?

a)

CBC

b)

LFT (Liver Function Test)

c)

HbA1c

d)

Urinalysis

95.

Chronic untreated diabetes can lead to:

a)

Liver cirrhosis

b)

Eye, nerve, kidney damage

c)

Hepatitis A

d)

Lung fibrosis

96.

Hepatitis B during childbirth can cause:

a)

Heart failure in newborn

b)

Liver infection in newborn

c)

Kidney stones

d)

Diabetes

97.

A healthy liver helps:

a)

Detoxify blood

b)

Regulate heartbeat

c)

Filter urine

d)

Produce red blood cells

98.

Which vitamin is stored in the liver?

a)

C

b)

A, D, E, K

c)

B12 only

d)

Iron only

99.

High blood sugar can worsen liver damage because:

a)

It decreases bile production

b)

It increases fat deposition in liver

c)

It lowers oxygen saturation

d)

It affects kidneys only

100.

Best preventive measure for hepatitis A & B is:

a)

Vaccination

b)

Daily exercise

c)

Water intake

d)

Insulin injection

101.

Kidneys are located:

a)

In the chest

b)

Lower back, either side of spine

c)

Abdomen

d)

Brain

102.

Kidney functions include all EXCEPT:

a)

Filter waste

b)

Balance minerals

c)

Pump blood

d)

Activate vitamin D

103.

Kidney stones are:

a)

Infections

b)

Hard mineral deposits

c)

Blood clots

d)

Fat deposits

104.

Chronic kidney disease refers to:

a)

Short-term kidney failure

b)

Long-term kidney damage

c)

Kidney infection only

d)

Kidney cancer

105.

Heart functions to:

a)

Filter blood

b)

Pump oxygenated blood

c)

Store glycogen

d)

Produce insulin

106.

High blood pressure affects heart by:

a)

Making it work harder

b)

Reducing oxygen

c)

Filtering blood

d)

Producing red blood cells

107.

Heart failure occurs when:

a)

Heart pumps normally

b)

Heart cannot pump enough blood

c)

Heart rate increases slightly

d)

Kidneys fail

108.

Common symptom of kidney disease:

a)

Chest pain

b)

Swelling in feet or face

c)

Jaundice

d)

Anxiety

109.

Foamy urine can indicate:

a)

Heart attack

b)

Kidney problem

c)

Liver failure

d)

Diabetes only

110.

To keep kidneys healthy:

a)

Avoid water

b)

Drink 6–8 glasses of water

c)

Exercise 10 mins weekly

d)

High salt diet

111.

Chest pain in heart disease is often:

a)

Mild or severe, angina

b)

Only shortness of breath

c)

Always asymptomatic

d)

Only swelling

112.

Swelling in legs due to heart failure is called:

a)

Edema

b)

Cyanosis

c)

Pallor

d)

Jaundice

113.

Regular checkups help prevent:

a)

Diabetes only

b)

Kidney and heart complications

c)

Thyroid disorders only

d)

Bone fractures

114.

High sodium diet contributes to:

a)

Hypotension

b)

Hypertension

c)

Anemia

d)

Fatty liver

115.

Which exercise is recommended for heart health?

a)

Walking 30 min daily

b)

Sitting 30 min

c)

Sleeping 30 min extra

d)

Heavy weight lifting daily

116.

Which nutrient should be controlled for kidney patients?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Sodium

c)

Vitamin C only

d)

Fat

117.

Heart attacks are caused by:

a)

Kidney failure

b)

Blocked blood flow to heart

c)

Liver failure

d)

Low calcium

118.

Which habit is harmful for both heart and kidneys?

a)

Smoking

b)

Exercise

c)

Balanced diet

d)

Hydration

119.

Blood pressure is measured in:

a)

mg/dL

b)

mmHg

c)

bpm

d)

%

120.

Normal adult BP:

a)

80/40

b)

90/60 – 120/80

c)

140/90

d)

200/120

121.

Hypotension is:

a)

BP ≥ 140/90

b)

BP < 90/60

c)

High sugar

d)

Low oxygen

122.

Which organ produces erythropoietin for RBC formation?

a)

Heart

b)

Kidney

c)

Liver

d)

Thyroid

123.

Poor kidney function can cause:

a)

Hypertension

b)

Edema

c)

Fatigue

d)

All of the above

124.

Exercise protects the heart by:

a)

Strengthening muscles

b)

Improving blood circulation

c)

Reducing cholesterol

d)

All of the above

125.

Swelling in kidney disease is usually due to:

a)

Protein loss

b)

High calcium

c)

Hyperthyroidism

d)

Jaundice

126.

Chronic kidney disease is monitored by:

a)

BP, urine tests, serum creatinine

b)

X-ray only

c)

ECG only

d)

CBC only

127.

Avoiding overuse of painkillers is important for:

a)

Heart

b)

Liver and kidneys

c)

Thyroid

d)

Pancreas

128.

Which symptom is common in both heart and kidney disease?

a)

Jaundice

b)

Fatigue

c)

Weight gain only

d)

Hair loss

129.

Regular hydration prevents:

a)

Heart failure

b)

Kidney stones

c)

Diabetes type 1

d)

Thyroid disorder

130.

Nutrition is:

a)

Study of exercise

b)

Study of food and nutrients for health

c)

Study of bones

d)

Study of water only

131.

Macronutrients include:

a)

Vitamins and minerals

b)

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats

c)

Water only

d)

Fiber only

132.

Micronutrients include:

a)

Carbs and protein

b)

Vitamins and minerals

c)

Fats and water

d)

Fiber only

133.

Proteins are important for:

a)

Energy storage

b)

Growth and repair of tissues

c)

Blood clotting only

d)

Hormone excretion

134.

Excess carbohydrates are stored as:

a)

Protein

b)

Fat

c)

Glycogen and fat

d)

Vitamins

135.

Fats help in:

a)

Energy storage, hormone production, vitamin absorption

b)

Only energy storage

c)

Only muscle building

d)

Only water absorption

136.

Vitamins A, D, E, K are:

a)

Water-soluble

b)

Fat-soluble

c)

Minerals

d)

Proteins

137.

Vitamin C helps in:

a)

Immunity and collagen formation

b)

Muscle contraction

c)

Bone calcium absorption

d)

Water balance

138.

Iron deficiency leads to:

a)

Diabetes

b)

Anemia

c)

Kidney stones

d)

Heart failure

139.

Calcium is essential for:

a)

Muscle and bone health

b)

Blood sugar control

c)

Liver detox

d)

Eye color

140.

Fiber helps in:

a)

Digestion and preventing constipation

b)

Blood clotting

c)

Fat storage

d)

Hair growth

141.

Which is a healthy eating pattern?

a)

High sugar, low protein

b)

Balanced diet with all nutrients

c)

Only fast food

d)

Only fruits

142.

Obesity is defined as:

a)

Low BMI

b)

Excess body fat

c)

High muscle mass only

d)

Dehydration

143.

BMI stands for:

a)

Body Muscle Index

b)

Body Mass Index

c)

Bone Mass Index

d)

Blood Mass Index

144.

Healthy BMI range:

a)

18.5–24.9

b)

25–29

c)

>30

d)

<16

145.

Excess sugar intake increases risk of:

a)

Diabetes and obesity

b)

Hair loss

c)

Hypertension only

d)

Bone fractures only

146.

Which nutrient provides most energy per gram?

a)

Carbs

b)

Proteins

c)

Fats

d)

Vitamins

147.

Water helps in:

a)

Digestion, nutrient transport, temperature regulation

b)

Only hydration

c)

Only kidney function

d)

Only heart pumping

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