-OH

-NH2

-SH

-COOH

Ionizes and is non-polar

Is basic and positively charged in solution

Ionizes; acidic (negatively charged in solution); polar; found in nucleotides and nucleic acids and phospholipids.

Is hydrophobic and found in carbohydrates.

-PO₄ ^2-

-PO₃ ^3-

-PO₄ ^1-

-PO₂ ^2-

-COOH

-CHO

-C(=O)O

-COC

non-polar, found in fats and oils

polar, found in alcohols and sugars

neutral, found in amino acids

ionic, found in salts

-NH₂

-COOH

-OH

-NH₃⁺

-CH₃

-CH₂

-C₂H₅

-C₃H₇

ionizes; basic (positively charged in solution); polar; found in amino acids and ACTGU bases

non-polar; acidic; found in carbohydrates

neutral; hydrophobic; found in lipids

highly reactive; found in nucleic acids

Ionizes and is polar; found in carbohydrates

Ionizes; acidic (negatively charged in solution); polar; found in fatty acids and amino acids

Non-polar; found in nucleic acids

Basic and neutral; found in sugars

nonpolar; forms ionic bonds with other groups in proteins; amine

polar; forms disulfide bridges by covalently bonding to other sulfhydryl groups in proteins; thiol

hydrophobic; does not interact with other groups in proteins; carboxyl

neutral; forms hydrogen bonds with other groups in proteins; ester