WorksheetsCOMBINE QUES SET 2– Infection Control
Total questions: 103
Worksheet time: 52mins
The pressure gradient in an operating theatre should be:
Negative pressure inside OT
Neutral pressure inside OT
Positive pressure inside OT
Variable pressure
The recommended air changes per hour (ACH) for a conventional operating theatre is:
6–8 ACH
8–10 ACH
12–15 ACH
20–25 ACH
Acceptable bacterial air count for a conventional OT is:
<10 CFU/m³
<25 CFU/m³
<35 CFU/m³
<100 CFU/m³
Airflow direction in an operating theatre should be from:
Ceiling to floor
Floor to ceiling
Door to ceiling
Corridor to OT
Air sampling in a newly renovated OT shows 70 CFU/m³. The immediate action is to:
Continue OT with restriction
Reduce number of staff
Stop OT operation
Repeat sampling after one week
HEPA filters are mainly used to remove:
Chemical vapours
Large dust particles
Microorganisms and fine particles
Carbon dioxide
The main purpose of positive pressure in OT is to:
Reduce humidity
Prevent entry of contaminated air
Improve staff comfort
Increase airflow
Which investigation is conducted on completion of a new OT building?
Surface swabbing
Water sampling
Air sampling
In-use test
Acceptable OT humidity level should be maintained between:
10–20%
20–30%
40–60%
70–90%
The best intervention when repeated air sampling remains >35 CFU/m³ is to:
Allow dirty cases only
Change HEPA filter
Increase OT cases
Ignore the result
The primary PPE used during insertion of a central venous line is:
Patient gown
Sterile gown
Isolation gown
Plastic apron
Which mask is most appropriate when managing a suspected pulmonary TB patient?
Surgical mask
Cloth mask
N95 mask
Face shield only
The most appropriate apron for a nurse managing MRSA patient with large wound is:
Linen apron
Cotton apron
Plastic apron
Non-woven apron
Gloves should be worn when:
Taking blood pressure
Feeding patient
Contact with blood or body fluids
Writing nursing notes
The main purpose of PPE is to:
Improve comfort
Prevent cross infection
Reduce workload
Improve appearance
Which PPE is NOT part of standard precautions?
Gloves
Mask
Gown
N95 respirator
First priority when managing meningococcal meningitis patient is:
Start antibiotics
Perform lumbar puncture
Implement droplet precautions
Transfer to ICU
Best isolation facility for pulmonary tuberculosis patient is:
Positive pressure room
Shared room
Negative pressure room
General ward
Which disease requires airborne precautions?
Rubella
Influenza
Varicella zoster
Mumps
Cohorting refers to:
Isolating patient alone
Grouping patients with same infection
Placing patient near nurse station
Discharging early
The main reason to inform receiving unit about MRSA colonization is to:
Update documentation
Avoid billing delay
Prepare infection control measures
Arrange bed allocation
Contact precautions include:
N95 mask only
Gloves and gown
Face shield only
Surgical mask only
Which is NOT an indication for hand hygiene?
After removing gloves
Before abdominal palpation
After touching patient surroundings
Before writing report
The most commonly missed area during hand hygiene is:
Palm
Fingertips
Around fingernails
Wrist
Sharing audit findings after hand hygiene audit is considered as:
Data collection
Feedback
Intervention
Re-audit
The main goal of hand hygiene audit is to:
Punish staff
Reduce HAIs
Increase documentation
Improve staffing
Alcohol-based hand rub is preferred when hands are:
Visibly soiled
Contaminated with blood
Not visibly soiled
After toilet use
Which microorganism is most resistant to sterilization?
Virus
Bacteria
Mycoplasma
Prions
An “alert organism” refers to:
Normal flora
Non-pathogenic organism
Multidrug-resistant organism
Environmental contaminant
MRSA is transmitted mainly through:
Airborne route
Droplet route
Contact route
Vector-borne
Which organism causes meningococcal meningitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
Escherichia coli
Disinfection eliminates:
All microorganisms including spores
Many microorganisms except spores
Dirt only
Organic matter
Cleaning is defined as:
Destruction of spores
Removal of visible dirt
Sterilization means:
Removal of dirt
Reduction to safe level
Elimination of all microorganisms including spores
Use of antiseptics
Used ureteroscope should be processed using:
Low-level disinfectant
Antiseptic
High-level disinfectant
Detergent only
FIFO in sterile storage means:
Use newest item first
Use items randomly
Use first sterilized item first
Use damaged packs
Hot air oven sterilization works by:
Moist heat
Oxidation
Filtration
Radiation
Correct hot air oven cycle is:
121°C – 15 min
132°C – 4 min
160°C – 2 hours
100°C – 30 min
Item most suitable for hot air oven sterilization is:
Rubber catheter
Glass syringe
Plastic tubing
Linen pack
High-level disinfectants are used for:
Non-critical items
Critical items only
Semi-critical items
Environmental surfaces
Physical monitoring of steam sterilization includes:
Colour change
Growth of spores
Time, temperature, pressure
Chemical reaction
The main purpose of monitoring sterilization is to:
Reduce time
Confirm sterilization conditions
Improve appearance
Reduce workload
Bowie–Dick test is used to check:
Sterility of instruments
Air removal and steam penetration
Load documentation
Chemical residue
Best IPC practice in ICU includes:
No isolation
Adequate bed spacing
Shared hand rub
Minimal hand hygiene
Recommended spacing between ICU beds is at least:
1 metre
1.5 metres
2.5 metres
3 metres
ABHR should be placed:
At ward entrance only
In staff room
At every patient bed
Near medication room
Fume hood in laboratory requires:
Positive pressure
Neutral pressure
Negative pressure
Flexible pressure
Which sampling is used to assess OT air quality?
Water sampling
Surface swabbing
Air sampling
In-use test
In-use test sampling checks:
Air quality
Water purity
Disinfectant effectiveness
HEPA filter
The primary goal of infection prevention and control is to:
Reduce hospital cost
Protect patients and HCWs
Increase documentation
Improve hospital ranking
A notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. Which of the following bacterial infections needs to be notified?
HIV
Influenza
COVID-19
Legionella
Why are medical reports considered legal documents?
It helps identify patient problems
Protects the institution, patients, and healthcare providers
Helps patients sue during adverse events
Required for renewal of annual practice certificate
In an organization, who is responsible for ensuring safe work practices are enforced by healthcare workers?
Act
Laws
Employer
Management
Before conducting an infection control audit, the Infection Control Practitioner (ICP) should:
Agree on the reference standard being used
Identify underperforming clinical areas
Inform every staff member in the audited area
Assemble assessors without prior IPC audit experience
Multimodal strategies to improve hand hygiene compliance include all EXCEPT:
Interactive training sessions
Participating in feedback rounds
Monitoring compliance and disseminating results
Ignoring system change and infrastructure needs
During an IPC audit, a breach of standard precautions is observed in ICU staff. What is the most appropriate action?
Call an urgent meeting
Provide rapid feedback on incidental issues
Send staff for IPC course
Distribute another IPC questionnaire
Which of the following is NOT part of standard precautions?
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Injection safety and sharps management
Decontamination of equipment
Management of general waste and linen
Apart from mask and gloves, which PPE is required when managing a patient with MRSA?
Face shield
Head cover
Sterile gown
Plastic apron
What is the size of airborne particles filtered by a Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR)?
< 5 microns
> 5 microns
< 5 millimeters
> 5 millimeters
The most important aspect of effective handwashing is:
Adequate friction covering all hand surfaces
Using very hot water to remove oils
Always using antimicrobial soap
Wearing gloves instead of washing
The purpose of monitoring multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) trends is to detect:
The emergence of new organisms
Clustering of infections in new areas
Non-compliance to infection control policies
Change in resistance patterns of organisms
What criteria should be considered when isolating a patient with MDRO?
Standard isolation or negative pressure room
Single isolation positive pressure room
Isolation or cohorting with patients having different microorganisms
Contact isolation room or cohorting with patients infected with the same microorganism
Wound infection with MRSA affects the healing process. What is the crucial management?
Clean wound with normal saline and apply mupirocin 2%
Apply mupirocin 2% nasally with daily soap bathing
Clean wound with normal saline and daily bathing with chlorhexidine 4%
Clean wound with sterile water and daily bathing with chlorhexidine 4%
Hepatitis B transmission among healthcare workers can be prevented by:
Administering immunoglobulin to all HCWs
Administration of antiviral prophylaxis
Preventing needle stick injuries
Using double gloves at all times
Which investigation should be performed within 24 hours if invasive aspergillosis is suspected?
Lung biopsy, serum antigen test, and chest X-ray
Chest X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI brain
Bronchoscopic needle biopsy and MRI brain
CT assessment of lung and sinus or MRI brain
All the following are central line catheter care bundle measures prior to insertion, EXCEPT:
Apply full PPE
Proper skin preparation
Apply surgical drape
Dressing with saline
Quality management and patient safety in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) aims to:
Confirm outbreaks
Reinforce IPC measures among HCWs
Provide data and statistical analysis for improving patient care
Reduce adverse patient outcomes only
Which statement best describes Risk Group 4 organisms?
Not associated with disease in healthy humans
Associated with mild disease, rarely lethal
Associated with serious disease with available treatment
Associated with lethal disease without available treatment
Adhering to strict regulations during the transportation of infectious materials helps to:
Avoid legal prosecution
Expedite delivery
Limit specimen quantity
Reduce exposure and possible infection
Members of the Hospital Infection Antibiotic and Control Committee (HIACC) should include:
Financial Manager, Microbiologist, ID Physician, IC Sister, Pharmacist
Infection Control Doctor, Microbiologist, ID Physician, IC Sister, Pharmacist
IC Doctor, Microbiologist, ID Physician, Ward Sister, Support staff
IC Doctor, Surgical HOD, ID Physician, IC Sister, Pharmacist
Which statement helps improve quality in infection control practices?
Review surveillance reports yearly
Policies reviewed occasionally
Teaching programs upon request
Point prevalence surveillance done at ICN convenience
Patient-related factors that predispose to Surgical Site Infection (SSI) include:
Cachexia, obesity, empirical therapy
Prolonged surgery and antibiotic prophylaxis
Excessive blood loss and OT temperature
Prolonged steroid use, poor nutrition, uncontrolled diabetes
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms are resistant to penicillin and:
Colistin
Ceftazidime
Ertapenem
Doripenem
Ideal disinfectant choice should be based on: i. Cheap and available in large quantities ii. Non-irritant and safe iii. pH and temperature convenience iv. Effective against wide range of microorganisms
i and ii
i and iii
ii and iv
iii and iv
Which statement best describes management of contaminated linen?
Linen bags must be full before sending
Infected linen placed and sealed in red bag
Sorting done in ward
Laundry must reach adequate temperature
All statements below are correct when handling linen from MDRO patients, EXCEPT:
Used and clean linen transported together
Hold linen away from body
Linen placed in red alginate bag then red linen bag
Staff handling linen immunised against Hepatitis B
Infection consistently occurring in a population is termed as:
Endemic
Sporadic
Epidemic
Pandemic
The best intervention to prevent CLABSI is:
Femoral vein insertion
Double gloving during hub manipulation
2% chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol for skin antisepsis
PPE use during insertion
Antimicrobial streamlining refers to:
Reviewing antibiotics after one week
Encouraging dual antimicrobial therapy
Discontinuing empirical therapy if cultures are negative
Escalating from narrow to broad spectrum therapy
Appropriate action when using isolation precautions for MDRO includes:
Posting PPE signage
Allowing unrestricted visitors
Cohorting different infections together
Removing PPE outside isolation room
Which nursing procedure requires an impermeable gown due to high body fluid exposure?
Taking vital signs
Administering oral medication
Assisting with wound irrigation
Helping patient ambulate
The earliest clinical manifestation of CAUTI, EXCEPT:
Loin pain
Hypotension
Suprapubic pain
Altered mental status
Recurrent waste disposal violations in primary care should be escalated to:
Local Health Authority
District Health Officer
Infection Prevention and Control Nurse
Hospital Administrator
Which is a process indicator under Quality Assurance Programme (QAP)?
Doctor-to-patient ratio
Duration of hospital construction
Percentage of patients treated within set timeframe
Number of financial resources
Indication for blood culture collection in warded patients is:
First day of admission
After completion of antimicrobials
Before starting antimicrobial treatment
On discharge
According to ICRA, Type C construction activity includes:
Inspection and non-invasive activities
Removal of fixed building components
Major demolition
Small-scale, short-duration activities
The main purpose of Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework is to:
Obtain budget
Focus on future hand hygiene plans
Document hand rub usage
Identify educators
Most important factor in handwashing effectiveness is:
Frequency
Duration
Friction
Type of soap
Power Air Purified Respirator (PAPR) filters particles of size:
< 5 microns
> 5 microns
< 5 mm
> 5 mm
PPE required for MRSA patient management includes:
Face shield
Head cover
Sterile gown
Plastic apron
Management of general waste and linen is part of:
Transmission-based precautions
Contact precautions
Standard precautions
Airborne precautions
Rapid feedback during IPC audit aims to:
Punish staff
Prevent recurrence
Delay reporting
Replace training
Which method is NOT an antibiotic susceptibility test?
Disk diffusion
Broth microdilution
Agar gradient
Gram staining
MDRO patients may be cohorted when:
Different organisms present
Same organism present
Isolation rooms unavailable
Patient is asymptomatic
Purpose of antimicrobial stewardship is to:
Increase antibiotic usage
Reduce resistance
Promote empirical therapy
Encourage broad spectrum use
Which is NOT a component of standard precautions?
Injection safety
Respiratory hygiene
General waste management
Patient isolation
Proper linen handling reduces risk of:
Legal action
Delayed laundry
Occupational exposure
Cost escalation
ESBL organisms are resistant mainly to:
Penicillin and cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Glycopeptides
Aminoglycosides
The most appropriate disinfectant should be:
Cheap only
User dependent
pH sensitive
Broad spectrum
Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) is primarily conducted to:
Match facilities with geography
Identify patient risk groups and construction risks
Allocate manpower
Reduce cost
A nurse ensures that a patient with tuberculosis is placed in a negative-pressure isolation room to protect both the patient and others. This action best demonstrates:
Autonomy
Justice
Beneficence
Veracity
Which nursing action best reflects beneficence in infection prevention?
Reporting a colleague who fails to wash hands
Following isolation precautions to protect the patient
Allowing visitors without PPE
Skipping hand hygiene to save time
Which of the following best describes non-maleficence in nursing?
Promoting patient wellbeing
Avoiding actions that may cause harm
Respecting patient decisions
Treating all patients equally
