National 5 Chemistry Covalent Bonding, shapes and properties

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Covalent bonds form between

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non-metal atoms

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Covalent bond formation

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Two positive nuclei held by shared electrons

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Diatomic molecules

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H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

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Molecule shapes

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Linear, angular, trigonal pyramidal, tetrahedral

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Multiple bonds

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Double and triple covalent bonds

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Covalent substances

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Discrete molecular or giant network structures

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Covalent molecular substances

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Strong bonds within, weak between molecules

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Melting and boiling points

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Low for covalent molecular substances

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Electrical conductivity

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Covalent molecular substances do not conduct

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Solubility of covalent molecular substances

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Insoluble in water, may dissolve in other solvents