3.6_Biotechnology_Practice 1

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is the purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

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The primary purpose of PCR is to produce millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence, allowing for detailed analysis and study.

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What are restriction enzymes?

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Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, which is essential for genetic engineering and cloning.

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What is cloning in biotechnology?

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Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell, often used in agriculture and medicine.

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What is gel electrophoresis?

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Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for analysis and comparison.

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What is genetic engineering?

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Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology, often to introduce new traits.

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What is the significance of biodiversity in ecosystems?

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Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an ecosystem, which is crucial for resilience, stability, and the ability to adapt to changes.

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What are the ethical concerns surrounding cloning?

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Ethical concerns include the potential for reduced genetic diversity, animal welfare issues, and the implications of human cloning.

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What is the role of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture?

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GMOs are used to enhance crop yield, resistance to pests, and nutritional value, but they also raise concerns about environmental impact.

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What is the success rate of cloning in mammals?

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The success rate of cloning in mammals is generally low, with many attempts resulting in failure or health issues in clones.