DNA Structure and DNA Replication Review

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix formed by two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other, with a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) paired in the center.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the function of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during replication.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

The 5' end has a phosphate group, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group. DNA strands are antiparallel, meaning one runs 5' to 3' and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand for 5'ATGCTCAGCTGA3'?

Back

3'TACGAGTCGACT5'.

Front

What makes up the sides (backbone) of a DNA ladder?

Back

The sides of the DNA ladder are made up of sugars and phosphates.

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.