DC Bio Ch. 17, 18, and 19 Review

Front

What are promoters in transcription?

Back

Promoters are specific DNA sequences where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Front

What is an immediate nonsense mutation?

Back

An immediate nonsense mutation is a type of frameshift mutation that results in the premature termination of protein synthesis due to the introduction of a stop codon.

Front

What is the A site in translation?

Back

The A site (Aminoacyl site) is the location on the ribosome where the new tRNA carrying an amino acid enters during protein synthesis.

Front

What is methylation in DNA?

Back

Methylation is a chemical modification of DNA that adds a methyl group to the DNA molecule, making it less likely for the gene to be expressed without changing the nucleotide sequence.

Front

What is the mRNA codon for the DNA sequence TACACT?

Back

The mRNA codon for the DNA sequence TACACT is AUGUGA.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

Define frameshift mutation.

Back

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that shift the reading frame of the genetic message.

Front

What is the difference between missense and nonsense mutations?

Back

Missense mutations result in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein, while nonsense mutations create a premature stop codon.

Front

What is the P site in translation?

Back

The P site (Peptidyl site) is the location on the ribosome where the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain is located during protein synthesis.

Front

What is alternative splicing?

Back

Alternative splicing is a process that allows a single gene to produce multiple protein isoforms by including or excluding certain exons during mRNA processing.