Unit 6 DNA & Genetics Vocabulary Flashcard

Front

What are genes?

Back

Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes that contain the instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.

Front

What is a monohybrid cross?

Back

A monohybrid cross is a genetic tool used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross between two individuals that differ in only one trait.

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that consists of a double helix structure made up of nucleotides, which contain a sugar group, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. It carries the genetic information of an organism.

Front

What is an allele?

Back

An allele is a variant form of a gene that arises through mutation and is responsible for the specific traits or characteristics that an organism possesses.

Front

What are amino acids?

Back

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins, essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in the body.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA has a double helix structure, consisting of two strands that wind around each other, with pairs of nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) connecting the strands.

Front

What role do genes play in inheritance?

Back

Genes are passed from parents to offspring and determine inherited traits, influencing characteristics such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases.

Front

What is a chromosome?

Back

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that contains many genes. Humans typically have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, representing the alleles inherited from its parents.

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environmental influences.