AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.7: Regulation of Cell Cycle

Front

What is the role of the M checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Back

The M checkpoint inhibits nondisjunction by ensuring that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before the cell divides.

Front

What are proto-oncogenes?

Back

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can mutate into oncogenes, which can promote cancerous growth.

Front

What does the G1 checkpoint determine?

Back

The G1 checkpoint determines whether the cell will proceed to divide based on size, nutrients, and DNA integrity.

Front

What triggers progression from the G2 checkpoint?

Back

Progression from the G2 checkpoint is stimulated when cyclin levels rise to a specific level to bind with cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs).

Front

What is the function of the G2 checkpoint?

Back

The G2 checkpoint verifies that DNA has been accurately replicated and that there are no errors before the cell enters mitosis.

Front

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the G1 phase, the cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.

Front

What is the significance of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs) at specific checkpoints.

Front

What is the consequence of a malfunctioning M checkpoint?

Back

A malfunctioning M checkpoint can lead to nondisjunction, resulting in cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Front

How do CdKs function in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs) are enzymes that, when activated by binding to cyclins, phosphorylate target proteins to drive the cell cycle forward.

Front

What is the purpose of the S phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The S phase is where DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes.