What do companion cells provide for sieve tube members?

Metabolic support and involvement in the transport of sugars.

What happens during girdling in plants?

It removes the bark, stopping the downward flow of photoassimilate and causing roots to starve.

Why is sucrose less reactive than reducing sugars?

Because it is a non-reducing sugar.

What are some other compounds transported in the phloem?

Water, nitrogen (in amino acids and amides), and proteins.

What occurs in source tissue during phloem loading?

A buildup of sugars occurs, lowering solute potential.

What is phloem unloading?

The translocation of assimilates from the sieve elements into the target cells at the sink.

What factors affect translocation in plants?

Temperature, light, inhibitors, mineral deficiencies, and hormones.

What is the difference between allocation and partitioning in assimilate distribution?

Allocation refers to the appropriation of carbon fixed by photosynthesis, while partitioning refers to the distribution of assimilates between competing sinks.

What defines an essential element for plants?

An element that is necessary for completing a normal life cycle and is part of an essential molecule inside the plant.

What are the two types of movements in plants?

Autonomic (spontaneous) movements and paratonic (induced) movements.

What is phototropism?

Growth movements in response to unidirectional light.

Growth movements induced by the stimulus of gravity.

What is hydrotropism?

Growth movements in response to unilateral stimulus of water.

What is chemotropism?

Movement caused by unilateral stimulus of some chemicals.

What are nastic movements?

Movements that occur due to changes in turgor or growth.

What is the difference between growth and development in plants?

Growth is an increase in size and mass, while development is the transformation from a single cell to a multicellular organism.

What are plant growth regulators?

Chemical substances that influence the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues, and organs.

What is the role of auxins in plant growth?

Auxins promote cell elongation and are involved in regulating plant responses to light and gravity.

What is the function of the xylem in plants?

Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

How do stomata regulate gas exchange in plants?

Stomata open and close to control the exchange of gases, allowing CO2 in for photosynthesis and releasing oxygen.

Basic Physiological Processes That Influence Crop Yields Flashcards

Student preview

29 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the fundamental basis of competitive success in green plants?

Back

Photosynthesis

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the principal organ of photosynthesis in higher plants?

Back

The leaf

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the process called when photoassimilates are temporarily accumulated in the leaf?

Back

Carbon allocation

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is translocation in plants?

Back

The transport of photoassimilates over long distances.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the significance of phloem translocation?

Back

It ensures efficient distribution of photosynthetic energy and carbons between organs.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the two cell types that make up phloem?

Back

Sieve elements and companion cells.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the role of sieve elements in phloem?

Back

They are responsible for transporting sugars throughout the plant.

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