AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Front

What is cell communication?

Back

Cell communication is the process by which cells send and receive signals to coordinate their functions, essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to environmental changes.

Front

What evidence supports the evolution of cell communication?

Back

The processes are very similar in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, indicating a common evolutionary origin.

Front

What is negative feedback in biological systems?

Back

Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism in which a change in a system triggers a response that counteracts the initial change, helping to maintain homeostasis.

Front

How does negative feedback differ from positive feedback?

Back

Negative feedback works to reverse a change in a system, while positive feedback amplifies a change.

Front

What role do membrane proteins play in the cell cycle?

Back

Membrane proteins are involved in density-dependent inhibition, which regulates cell division based on cell population density.

Front

What occurs after metaphase in mitosis?

Back

Anaphase occurs after metaphase, where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Front

Describe the process of anaphase in mitosis.

Back

During anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and kinetochores begin pulling chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.

Front

What is the function of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Back

Spindle fibers attach to centromeres and help move sister chromatids towards the cell's equator during metaphase and separate them during anaphase.

Front

What happens during prophase of mitosis?

Back

During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane begins to break down.

Front

What is the significance of kinetochores in cell division?

Back

Kinetochores are protein structures on chromosomes that attach to spindle fibers, facilitating the movement of chromosomes during cell division.