AP Biology: Unit 4 Review (CED)

Front

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Back

The stages of the cell cycle include interphase (G1, S, G2), mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), and cytokinesis.

Front

What is apoptosis?

Back

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death, which is NOT a stage of the cell cycle.

Front

What is the result of mitosis?

Back

Mitosis results in 2 identical diploid cells.

Front

What is a signal transduction pathway?

Back

A signal transduction pathway is a series of molecular events and reactions that lead to a cellular response to a signal.

Front

What are the responses of a cell from a signal transduction pathway?

Back

Responses can include cell growth, gene expression, and secretion of molecules.

Front

What is negative feedback in biological systems?

Back

Negative feedback is a mechanism that counteracts a change in a physiological condition to maintain homeostasis.

Front

What is positive feedback?

Back

Positive feedback is a process that amplifies a response or increases the output of a system.

Front

What are secondary messengers?

Back

Secondary messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A phosphorylation cascade is a series of chemical reactions during cell signaling, where one enzyme phosphorylates another, leading to a chain reaction.

Front

What are ligands?

Back

Ligands are molecules that bind to receptors to initiate a signal transduction pathway.