DNA, RNA, Transcription, Translation review

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins by carrying the genetic information from DNA.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to assemble a sequence of amino acids to form a protein.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced with another nucleotide.

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What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

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Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds and separates the two strands of DNA, allowing replication to occur.

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What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

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In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

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What are nucleic acids?

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Nucleic acids are macromolecules, such as DNA and RNA, that store and transmit genetic information.

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What is the function of RNA polymerase?

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RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.