Ecological Relationships & Succession

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What is primary succession?

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Primary succession is the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat.

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What is secondary succession?

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Secondary succession is the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where soil is present but has been disturbed, such as after a forest fire or human activity.

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What are pioneer species?

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Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize a barren environment in primary succession, such as lichens and mosses.

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How do lichens contribute to soil formation?

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Lichens break down rock surfaces through chemical and physical processes, contributing to the formation of soil.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

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What is a climax community?

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A climax community is a stable and mature ecological community that has reached the final stage of succession.

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What role do limiting factors play in ecological succession?

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Limiting factors, such as availability of water, nutrients, and light, can influence the rate and direction of ecological succession.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?

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Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem (like plants and animals), while abiotic factors are non-living components (like soil, water, and climate).

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What is the significance of soil in primary succession?

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In primary succession, soil is initially absent, making it crucial for the establishment of plant life and subsequent ecological development.

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How does a glacier retreat lead to primary succession?

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When a glacier retreats, it exposes bare rock, creating a new environment for primary succession to begin.

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What is an example of a disturbance that leads to secondary succession?

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A forest fire is an example of a disturbance that can lead to secondary succession, as it leaves soil intact but destroys existing vegetation.