Chapter 15 Permanent Wave

Front

What tough exterior layer of the hair has the purpose of surrounding the inner layers and protecting the hair from damage?

Back

Cuticle

Front

Which layer of the hair is located directly beneath the cuticle layer and is responsible for the incredible strength and elasticity of human hair?

Back

Cortex

Front

Which layer of hair is the innermost layer of the hair, and often called the pith or core of the hair?

Back

Medulla

Front

The term pH is an abbreviation used for potential ____, and the symbol pH represents the quantity of ____ ions in solution.

Back

hydrogen; hydrogen

Front

The range of numbers used in the pH scale is ____.

Back

0 to 14

Front

Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to ____.

Back

soften and swell the shaft

Front

The neutralizing solution for a perm processes for how long?

Back

5 minutes

Front

The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross-linked by three types of side bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are _____: disulfide, trisulfide, and hydrogen; disulfide, salt, and hydrogen; disulfide, salt, and oxygen; disulfide, chlorine, and hydrogen.

Back

disulfide, salt, and hydrogen

Front

Which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges, and are easily broken by changes in pH?

Back

Salt bonds

Front

_____ is a two-step process in which the hair first undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.

Back

Permanent waving